how animals feed

7/31/2019 How Animals Feed

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How animals feed

Components of Diet

Balanced Diet

Diseases associated with nutrition

Digestion in Humans


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Introduction

Taking in food is called feeding or nutrition

Food which you eat everyday is called Diet

Food helps the body to make new parts,repair old parts and to release energy

Difference in Plant and animal nutrition

Components of Diet are

Carbohydrates,Proteins, Fats, vitamins, minerals (inorganic

ions), water and roughage.


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Carbohydrates energy givers

Starch and sugar are carbohydrates

These molecules contain elements Carbon(C),Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O)atoms

Hydrogen atoms are two times more than the othertwo

Simple and complex carbohydrates

Glucose simple sugar, monosaccharide, has 6 Catoms, 12 H atoms, 6 O atoms arranged in ring

shaped molecule which are small and taste sweet C6H12O6 Molecular formula

1 gm of carbohydrate releases 17KJ of energy


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Glucose


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Sucrose - Disaccharide

2 simple sugars joined together

Examples are sucrose, maltose

Soluble and taste sweet STARCH POLYSACCHARIDE

Contains 1000s of simple sugars joined

together Plant cell wall contains cellulose starch

Insoluble and do not taste sweet


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Proteins

Are made of amino acids single units

Contain elements C, H, O and nitrogen (N), small

amounts of sulphur (S)

There are 20 different types of a.a

The order of a.a is very precise in ever protein

A.a are essential and non essential

Some proteins are soluble

haemoglobin-redpigment in blood

Some insoluble keratin Hair & fingernails


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Proteins are made of aminoacids


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Proteins

Used for growth and repair

Cell membranes and cytoplasm contain a lot

of proteins

They are also needed to make antibodies

They fight bacteria and viruses

Enzymes are proteins


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Fats or Lipids

Contain fatty acid and glycerol

Contain only 3 elements C, H, O

One fat molecule is made of 3 fatty acid chains and 1 glycerol

Fats are used to release energy in a cell

1 gm of fat gives 39KJ of energy, twice that of carbohydrate orprotein

So it is an energy storing molecule

Cells under skin called adipose tissue contain oils or fats helpto keep the body warm and maintains temperature, also insulates

Seal, whales have thick layers of adipose tissue

called blubber

Insoluble in water


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Fats/Lipids Fatty acid andglycerol


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Vitamins and minerals

Vitamins are organic substances needed in verysmall amounts

If not found in the body will lead to deficiencydisease

Minerals

inorganic ions Water Chemical reactions metabolism

Will happen only when dissolved in water

No water

cells dry

no reactions

cell dies Transport around the body only in dissolved

condition


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Roughage

Fibre

Matter which cannot be digested

Egested out Helps the alimentary canal to function well

Aids the peristaltic movement of muscles

E.g. plant products

humans cannot digestlignin or cellulose

Prevents constipation

how animals feed

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