HOUSING STYLES 6.01HOUSING STYLES 6.01

Agenda 10/3/11Agenda 10/3/11

EQ: Distinguish different Housing Styles in EQ: Distinguish different Housing Styles in American HistoryAmerican History

Warm-up Look at the Venn Diagram on your Warm-up Look at the Venn Diagram on your table and complete ittable and complete it

Lecture on Housing StylesLecture on Housing Styles

Native American HomesNative American HomesThe WIGWAM is made by the eastern The WIGWAM is made by the eastern

woodland Indians who carried reed woodland Indians who carried reed mats which were wrapped around mats which were wrapped around wooden frames to create a domelike wooden frames to create a domelike structure. structure.

The TEPEE is one of the most familiar styles that the plains people lived in. It was made of buffalo hides.

Native American HomesNative American HomesThe tribes of the North The tribes of the North

East lived in homes East lived in homes called LONGHOUSES. called LONGHOUSES. These homes reached These homes reached lengths of 100 feet.lengths of 100 feet. The Tribes of the Southwest lived in homes called PUEBLOS. These homes were made of clay that was made into sun dried bricks called ADOBE. Later on Spanish immigrants brought the Adobe bricks and cut stones to the US to use a building materials.

English SettlementsEnglish SettlementsMany of the English’s first Many of the English’s first

permanent dwellings permanent dwellings were called were called HALF-HALF-TIMBERED homes.TIMBERED homes. The The roof was constructed of roof was constructed of thatchesthatches ( (Bundles of Bundles of straw or reedsstraw or reeds). Some of ). Some of the half-timbered houses the half-timbered houses we covered in either we covered in either shingles (thin oblonged shingles (thin oblonged pieces of wood. pieces of wood. Clapboards were Clapboards were boards that laid in over boards that laid in over lapping rows that lapping rows that protected the exterior protected the exterior walls .walls .

English Settlements Cont..English Settlements Cont..Cape Cod Style HomeCape Cod Style HomeA simple rectangular design, A simple rectangular design,

a central chimney and a a central chimney and a Pitched roof (often Pitched roof (often called a Gable Roof) called a Gable Roof) because it forms because it forms triangular end wallstriangular end walls known asknown as gables. gables. Sometimes Cape Cod Sometimes Cape Cod homes were built with homes were built with Gambrel Roofs. Gambrel Roofs.

English Settlements Cont…English Settlements Cont…The Saltbox House began as a two story, pitched roof house. The extension built to lengthen the house is called an Ell.

A Garrison House can be recognized by a second story that over hangs or projects from the first story. This over hang was first used on forts to prevent attackers from scaling the walls

German and Dutch SettlementsGerman and Dutch Settlements

The Dutch and Germans came up for the idea of DORMERS. A dormer is a structure that projects through a steeply sloping roof.

Homes of the 18Homes of the 18thth Century Century Georgian styleGeorgian style homes homes

were named after king were named after king George of England, George of England,

had a central chimney or had a central chimney or one on each end, one on each end,

were 2-3 stories and were 2-3 stories and symmetrical, very formal, symmetrical, very formal,

the front door was greatly the front door was greatly emphasized by pilasters, emphasized by pilasters, and pediment.and pediment.

Homes of the 18Homes of the 18thth Century Cont.. Century Cont..

Georgian style homes had Georgian style homes had many distinguishing many distinguishing features. features.

Hip Roof Style, pilasters Hip Roof Style, pilasters ((decorative flattened decorative flattened columns),columns),

Pediment (Pediment (A triangular arched A triangular arched decoration that sits on top of decoration that sits on top of the door)the door)

Cornice (Cornice (A decorative strip of A decorative strip of molding at the area where molding at the area where the roof and the walls meet).the roof and the walls meet).

Pilaster (pi LAS ter)Pilaster (pi LAS ter)

The Federal PeriodThe Federal Period

Adam StyleAdam Style• Named after two furniture Named after two furniture

design brothers.design brothers.• Rectangular design with one or Rectangular design with one or

more stories. Some have a center more stories. Some have a center section with a wing on both sides.section with a wing on both sides.

• Gable roofs . A decorative cornice Gable roofs . A decorative cornice that often extends across the front that often extends across the front and back of the house.and back of the house.

• Symmetrically placed windowsSymmetrically placed windows• A A FANLIGHT-FANLIGHT-a semicircular, a semicircular,

round, or oval window with fan round, or oval window with fan shaped panes of glass often shaped panes of glass often above the door or in the pediment.above the door or in the pediment.

Federal Period Cont…Federal Period Cont…EARLY CLASSIC EARLY CLASSIC

REVIVAL STYLEREVIVAL STYLEThomas Jefferson helped Thomas Jefferson helped

developed this style. developed this style. Very similar to the Very similar to the Adam’s style.Adam’s style. The one The one feature that feature that distinguishes EARLY distinguishes EARLY CLASSIC REVIVAL CLASSIC REVIVAL Style is the PORTICO- Style is the PORTICO- tall open porch tall open porch supported by columns supported by columns over the front entrance.over the front entrance.

GREEK REVIVAL STYLEGREEK REVIVAL STYLEThe Greek Revival The Greek Revival

Style flourished from Style flourished from about 1825-1860 about 1825-1860 ending around the ending around the time of the Civil War. time of the Civil War. Its features were Its features were linked to the temples linked to the temples of ancient Greece. of ancient Greece. Many Southern Many Southern Plantations homes Plantations homes were built in this were built in this style.style.

PorticosPorticosTall, open porch, supported by columns Tall, open porch, supported by columns

over the front entrance over the front entrance

TurretsTurretsSmall circular tower that extends the entire Small circular tower that extends the entire

height of building. Originally used to store height of building. Originally used to store grain. grain.

Victorian Style PeriodVictorian Style Period

Mansard StyleMansard Style(Sometimes called the Second (Sometimes called the Second

Empire Style)Empire Style)*Had French Influence*Had French Influence*Was most popular between *Was most popular between

1860-18801860-1880*Most notable feature was the *Most notable feature was the

boxlike boxlike mansard roof-a roof mansard roof-a roof that has two slopes on all that has two slopes on all sides, with the lower sides, with the lower sloping being steep and the sloping being steep and the upper slope almost flat.upper slope almost flat.

Victorian Period Cont…Victorian Period Cont…

Queen Ann StyleQueen Ann Style**Most fanciful of housing Most fanciful of housing

stylesstyles**Had wrap around porches Had wrap around porches

with railings and columnswith railings and columns*Had a variety of decorative *Had a variety of decorative

word work and word work and Gingerbread-lacy-Gingerbread-lacy-looking cutout wood trimlooking cutout wood trim

*Had a circular tower that *Had a circular tower that extends the entire height extends the entire height of the building of the building

Gingerbread examplesGingerbread examples

Beginning of the 20Beginning of the 20thth Century CenturyPrairie StylePrairie StyleWas designed by the famous Was designed by the famous

architect named architect named Frank Frank Lloyd WrightLloyd Wright. . He He believed that believed that architecture should architecture should create a natural link create a natural link between mankind and between mankind and the environment.the environment.

His most notable designs His most notable designs was the Prairie Style home was the Prairie Style home that was characterized by that was characterized by horizontal lines (that horizontal lines (that reflected the prairie that reflected the prairie that they sat on), low pitched they sat on), low pitched roof with overhanging, and roof with overhanging, and wide porches.wide porches.

Common Characteristics of Prairie Style Home Common Characteristics of Prairie Style Home Plans:Plans:

Uniquely American style Uniquely American style Made famous by Frank Lloyd Wright and Prairie School Made famous by Frank Lloyd Wright and Prairie School Low-pitched roof, usually hipped Low-pitched roof, usually hipped May be either symmetrical or asymmetrical May be either symmetrical or asymmetrical Very wide overhanging eaves Very wide overhanging eaves Two stories with one story porches or wings Two stories with one story porches or wings Eave and trim and siding details emphasize horizontal Eave and trim and siding details emphasize horizontal

lines lines Often with massive square stone or wood porch supports Often with massive square stone or wood porch supports Smaller windows grouped in geometric patterns Smaller windows grouped in geometric patterns

Prairie StylePrairie Style

Mid 20Mid 20thth Century Styles to Today Century Styles to Today

RANCH Style( 1935)RANCH Style( 1935)Long, low one story Long, low one story

house that resembles house that resembles that rambling one-story that rambling one-story houses built by the houses built by the early settlers of the early settlers of the West. This style of West. This style of house offers economy house offers economy in materials, ease of in materials, ease of maintenance, and low maintenance, and low heating cost.heating cost.

Mid 20Mid 20thth Century Styles to Today Century Styles to Today

Split-LevelSplit-LevelHas three levels of living Has three levels of living

space each connected by space each connected by short flights of stairs. short flights of stairs. One One main feature of this style main feature of this style of house is that the entry of house is that the entry is separated from the is separated from the rest of the house.rest of the house.

A-frameA-frameThe A-frame is a design in The A-frame is a design in

which the gabled roof which the gabled roof continues to ground level continues to ground level on two sides.on two sides.

Influences on HousingInfluences on Housing

CLIMATECLIMATEEarth Sheltered Earth Sheltered

homehomeHome that is 90% Home that is 90%

underground. These underground. These types of homes are types of homes are characteristic of characteristic of ALASKAALASKA

Influences on HousingInfluences on Housing

CLIMATECLIMATEFlat Roof StyleFlat Roof StyleThis roof style is not This roof style is not

appropriate for damp appropriate for damp wet climates.wet climates.

You see this roof style in You see this roof style in the desert region of the the desert region of the US.US.

Influences on HousingInfluences on HousingBuilding MaterialsBuilding Materials(EXTERIOR)(EXTERIOR)*Brick- *Brick- Type of exterior Type of exterior

building material that building material that requires the least requires the least maintenance.maintenance.

**Stucco- Stucco- A plaster material A plaster material made with cement, sand, made with cement, sand, and lime. Used to build and lime. Used to build Tutor style Homes.Tutor style Homes.

*Vinyl/Siding- *Vinyl/Siding- Used to cover, Used to cover, modular and tract homes, modular and tract homes, and custom built homes. and custom built homes.

Tudor Style Home

ResourcesResources Housing DecisionsHousing Decisions, pages 156-172, pages 156-172 Housing and InteriorsHousing and Interiors, pages 324-361, pages 324-361 www.architecture.about.com www.oldhouse.com www.Wikipedia.org (List of Housing Styles) www.nativetech.org www.mountvernon.org www.monticello.org

Copyright ©2007, ABCD, All rights reserved.Copyright ©2007, ABCD, All rights reserved.