A Legacy of Excellence

Surgeons-in-Chief 1863 – James Knight, MD1887 – Virgil P. Gibney, MD1925 – William B. Coley, MD1933 – Eugene H. Pool, MD1935 – Philip D. Wilson, Sr., MD1955 – T. Campbell Thompson, MD1963 – Robert Lee Patterson, Jr., MD1972 – Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD1990 – Andrew J. Weiland, MD1993 – Russell F. Warren, MD2003 – Thomas P. Sculco, MD

Physicians-in-Chief 1924 – R. Garfield Snyder, MD1944 – Richard H. Freyberg, MD1970 – Charles L. Christian, MD1995 – Stephen A. Paget, MD2010 – Mary K. Crow, MD

Directors of Research 1955 – Philip D. Wilson, Sr., MD1962 – Goran C.H. Bauer, MD 1969 – Robert C. Mellors, MD, PhD1985 – Aaron S. Posner, PhD1987 – Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD 1990 – Joseph M. Lane, MD1993 – Adele L. Boskey, PhD

Chief Scientific Officers 2002 – Francesco Ramirez, MD2006 – Steven R. Goldring, MD

1863-2013

Celebrating Our 150th Anniversary

535 East 70th StreetNew York, NY 10021212.606.1000www.hss.edu

Executive Editorial BoardMary K. Crow, MDSteven R. Goldring, MD Edward C. Jones, MDDavid B. Levine, MDAldo Papone, Chairman EmeritusDeborah M. SaleThomas P. Sculco, MDLouis A. ShapiroPhilip D. Wilson, Jr., MD

Assistant Vice PresidentCommunicationsShelley Rosenstock

Editor-in-ChiefRachel Sheehan

Managing EditorLinda Errante

Assistant EditorsBeth Demel, Teresa Lamb

Concept and DesignArnold Saks Associates

PrintingMonroe Litho

Timeline Photos and Graphics:HSS Archives, Robert Essel, Bud Glick

World event images and photos as follows: Panel 1 – Corbis; Panel 2 – Corbis, Custom Medical Stock Photo, Getty Images; Panel 3 – APImages, NASA, Custom Medical Stock Photo; Panel 4 – iStock, Getty; Panel 5 – Shutterstock, Getty; Panel 6 – Robert Essel

External Affairs Department Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th StreetNew York, NY 10021 866.976.1196

Hospital for Special Surgery is an affiliate of NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System and Weill Cornell Medical College.

©2013 Hospital for Special Surgery. All rights reserved.

S70960_Sleeve.indd 1 1/24/13 1:57 PM

Dr. James Knight is deeply touched by the plight of the poor and severely disabled who roamed the streets of New York City begging and cajoling passersby. As a result, Dr. Knight, along with 20 prominent New Yorkers, establishes the New York Society for the Relief of the Ruptured and Crippled and opens one of the early orthopedic hospitals in the United States in his Second Avenue home.

The nation is in the midst of the Civil War when Dr. James Knight opens his new hospital. On that same day, General Robert E. Lee and General Stonewall Jackson meet to plan their attack on the Federals. Two months later, the assault at Gettysburg takes place and some of the casualties of the Union Army are cared for at the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled.

In 1871, Dr. Virgil P. Gibney is appointed to the Hospital staff by Dr. Knight and remains on staff until 1884. During this time he pursues the study of hip diseases. In 1887, Dr. Gibney returns to the Hospital as Surgeon-in-Chief and launches it into the world of surgery. He also establishes the first orthopedic residency program in the United States and a house staff as it is still known today.

The Hospital moves to a newly constructed four- story building on the corner of Lexington Avenue and 42nd Street. The facility has accommodations for 200 children.

HSS: An Illustrious History…A Future of Promise

1863 1870 1871

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Great strides continue to be made in the development of the microscope, with its use becoming increasingly popular among scientists.

1863 to 2013: Hospital for Special Surgery…From its most humble beginnings as a local children’s

hospital, the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled –

founded 150 years ago – would one day become the

number one orthopedic hospital in America and a global

force in musculoskeletal medicine. Located in a brown-

stone on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, the 28-bed

hospital established a mission to serve those with

disabling conditions and disorders and bring them hope

for a better quality of life. Throughout the subsequent

decades of its continuous growth and advances in

medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery has led the way

in treating those with musculoskeletal disorders,

training generations of specialists in orthopedics and

rheumatology, and furthering scientific achievements

in the laboratory and at the bedside.

…and Around the WorldWhile HSS grew into a vibrant and prominent hospital,

it, too, was influenced by the vagaries of life beyond its

walls. Over the past 150 years, events – here and

abroad – helped to shape the world as we know it today.

Some created havoc and hardship; others greatly

benefited humanity; but all contributed to changing the

course of history.

1907 1912 1928 1940 1955 1963 1966 1969 1970 1971

William Church Osborn, who is credited with orchestrating the complex property exchange between the sale of the Hospital land for $1.35 million to New York Central Railroad and the purchase of the Hospital’s third site on 42nd Street between First and Second Avenues, is elected President of the Hospital’s Board. Grand Central Terminal is built on the Hospital’s former location.

Many children with scolio-sis and other disabilities remain as inpatients for months and sometimes years with an average length of stay of two years. To help maintain their education, the Hospital provides schooling on site through Manhattan Public School 401.

The Hospital changes its name from

the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled to The Hospital for

Special Surgery (HSS). Its new name

was originally devised by Sir Robert Jones to desig-nate the surgical hospitals he organized for the care of the wounded soldiers who had received injuries of the bones and joints in World War II.

In 1928, Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovers the potent antibiotic, penicil-lin, in a petrie dish contami-nated by mold. Although he is credited with the discovery, it is another decade before penicillin becomes the miracle drug of the 20th century.

The massive casualties of World War II lead to advances in orthopedic care as nearly 70 percent of the wounded suffer trauma to the extremities. At the end of the war, the United States Navy asks the Hospital to hold a two-month course in rehabilitation for the benefit of Navy personnel. More than 114 WAVES and medical corpsmen attend lectures by the Hospital’s orthopedic staff.

The pioneering work of Marie and Pierre Curie in the study of radioactivity lead to their discovery of radium and plutonium in 1898 and the awarding of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903.

In the early 20th century, polio is one of the most feared diseases in industrialized countries, paralyzing thousands of children a year and bringing an increased num- ber of pediatric patients to the Hospital from the city, suburbs, and upstate New York.

1907 1912 1928 1940 1955 1963 1966 1969 1970 1971

Dr. Philip D. Wilson Jr., the son of Dr. Philip D. Wilson, Sr., who served as Surgeon-in-Chief from 1934 to 1955, visits Professor John Charnley at Wrightington

Dr. John N. Insall becomes the new Chief of the Knee Clinic and, along with Dr. Chitranjan Ranawat, Dr. Allan E. Inglis, and Peter Walker, PhD, begins the design and develop-ment of the modern total knee prosthesis at HSS.

Inscribed on the commemo-rative trowel celebrating the 1954 groundbreaking for the new Hospital is the name of Thomas E. Dewey, then Governor of New York State. On May 25, 1955, HSS – after 43 years at 321 East 42nd Street – opens in its now permanent home at 535 East 70th Street. The new building has four operating rooms.

In 1963, the Hospital celebrates its 100th anniversary and begins its second century poised to advance the research and treatment of musculoskel-etal conditions.

Hospital in Lancashire, UK, to learn about a new operation – the total hip replacement, which he brings back to HSS

initiating a new era in patient care.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sends the first American into space, making possible important contributions to science and medicine. Three decades later, HSS researchers would begin collaborating with NASA on studies looking at the load-bearing ability of bones as a result of the reduced forces experienced during spaceflight.

In the 1970s, a new imaging technology – computed axial tomography or CAT-scan – makes three-dimensional imaging of anatomy possible, including highly detailed information about bony structures, joints, soft tissue structures, and soft tissue calcifications important in the field of orthopedics.

Dr. Charles L. Christian is appointed Director of Rheumatic Diseases and Physician-in-Chief of the Hospital. Dr. Christian launches major investiga-tive studies in autoimmune disorders.

Dr. John L. Marshall organizes the first Sports Medicine Clinic at HSS, likely the first such clinic in New York. Dr. Marshall becomes a world-renowned figure in sports medicine, including serving as Team Physician for the New York Giants.

On April 7, 1948, the United Nations creates the World Health Organization. Since its creation, WHO has been a leader in major health initiatives, including the eradication of smallpox, prevention of infectious disease, and reduction of tobacco-related deaths and disease, as well as adopting the global strategy on diet, physical activity, and health.

1982 1991 1996 2002 2002 2004 2010 2012 2012 2013 A Future of Promise…

The Hospital establishes the nation’s first hospital-based program of computer aided design and manufac-ture of joint prostheses. The CAPS/CAD/CAM system revolutionizes the field of joint replacement surgery by enabling bioengineers to custom make implants for joint replacement surgery with computerized precision.

HSS begins construction on a major modernization project that will include a seven-level wing built over the FDR Drive.

The Hospital introduces a new logotype with the now well-recognized blue symbol and shortened name, as well as a new tagline: “Specialists in Mobility.”

The computer revolution also affects hospitals, which today use computer technol-ogy for maintaining patient medical records, managing radiology images, and even performing surgery.

A study supported by the National Institute on Aging and the National Center for Research Resources (today the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences) finds that underlying vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women is associated with increased risk of hip fracture.

HSS is awarded its first Magnet Recognition by the American Nurses Credentialing Center, the nation’s highest honor for nursing excellence. The Hospital enjoys continuous recognition with its redes-ignation as a Magnet hospi-tal in 2007 and in 2011.

The Human Genome Project, a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health, is com-pleted in 2003, identifying the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA and broadening investigations into the causes and treat-ments for many diseases.

HSS launches the Campaign for Research: Discovery to Recovery, a $110 million fundraising drive to raise support for faculty recruitment, expan-sion of research programs, increased endowment, and the modernization of the Caspary Research Building.

HOSPITAL FOR SPECIAL SURGERY

HOSPITAL FOR SPECIAL SURGERY

1982 1991 1996 2002 2002 2004 2010 2012 2012 2013 A Future of Promise…

Minimally invasiveapproaches for jointreplacement surgery comeinto their own, including the development of new tools for hip replacement and less invasive techniques for knee replacement.

Continuing an upward trend in the number of patients seeking care at HSS, the Hospital completes a multiphase transformation of its facilities, which now include 35 operating rooms, two addi-tional patient care units, 205 inpatient beds, the Alfred and Norma Lerner Children’s Pavilion and the CA Technologies Rehabilitation Center for pediatric patients, and many other modernization efforts.

In July of 2012, HSS is once again ranked #1 in orthopedics and ranked #3 in rheumatology by U.S.News & World Report. For 22 consecutive years, HSS has been among the top-ranked hospitals in these specialty areas.

HSS research in biomaterials will drive transformative changes in the treatment of soft tissue defects. Included

in these efforts are studies of a novel class of hydrogel-based materials that

approximate the properties of articular

cartilage and the meniscus.

The Hospital develops one of the first computer- assisted surgery laborato-ries in the United States. Computer-assisted tech-nology uses a navigation system, not unlike GPS, to achieve more precise positioning of implants in orthopedic surgery.

According to the Physical Activity Council’s annual study in 2011, there are 217 million active Americans age six and older who take part in at least one sport, recreation, or fitness activity.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a third of American adults are over-weight and another third are obese. Combined, 68.8 per-cent of U.S. adults are either overweight or obese.

More than 72 million Americans will be 65 years or older by 2030 as compared to 40 million in 2010.

Hospital for Special Surgery

1982 1991 1996 2002 2002 2004 2010 2012 2012 2013 A Future of Promise…

HSS scientists continue to make breakthrough discov-eries about the causes of autoimmune diseases, providing exciting opportu-nities for new drug thera-pies. For example, studies have identified a treatment approach that can block a protein called tumor necrosis factor (3-D model shown here) linked to rheumatoid arthritis.

A steep rise in overall HSS patient volume is projected for 2020.

2010 Patient Volume

330,3162020 Patient Volume

538,049

Non-traumatic joint disorders, including osteoarthritis (OA), affect more than 50 million Americans today at a cost of $57 billion - the fifth most expensive medical condition in the country. By 2020, the nation is expected to spend $4.6 trillion on health care, nearly double the $2.6 trillion spent in 2010.

National Health ExpenditureTrillions of dollars

5

4

3

2

1

02008 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

*

Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary

*

DNA sequencing is key to basic biological research, enabling the development of genetically modified prod-ucts, targeted biologics, and molecular diagnostics. These approaches will play major roles in the advancement of personalized medicine, which is defined as the right treat-ment for the right person at the right time.

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects more people at earlier stages of life, causing wide-spread pain and disability. National coalitions target OA to develop strategies for prevention and early treatment.

Entering the Next Era

B uilding on a rich legacy of pioneering achievement in the fields of orthopedics

and rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery will meet the future with the same unwavering commitment to fulfill its mission in patient care, research, and ed-ucation it has exhibited in the last 150 years. HSS is dedicated to finding new solutions to improve the lives of patients through the ongoing develop-ment of quality initiatives, discoveries in the laboratory, pursuit of innovative technologies, and the training of physicians who will influence musculo-skeletal care throughout the world. We will continue to grow both physically and through discovery and invention as we move into the next 150 years. ■

Hospital for Special Surgery is a growing global organ i-zation – annually providing treatment to over 5,500 patients from beyond the New York City metropoli-tan area and abroad. HSS continues to disseminate

its best practices in patient care to centers throughout the world; further expand its international collabora-tions with organizations in Europe, South America, and China; and educate physicians from the United States and overseas who will go on to lead and develop programs in ortho-pedics and rheumatology in their own communities.

A Legacy of Excellence

Surgeons-in-Chief 1863 – James Knight, MD1887 – Virgil P. Gibney, MD1925 – William B. Coley, MD1933 – Eugene H. Pool, MD1935 – Philip D. Wilson, Sr., MD1955 – T. Campbell Thompson, MD1963 – Robert Lee Patterson, Jr., MD1972 – Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD1990 – Andrew J. Weiland, MD1993 – Russell F. Warren, MD2003 – Thomas P. Sculco, MD

Physicians-in-Chief 1924 – R. Garfield Snyder, MD1944 – Richard H. Freyberg, MD1970 – Charles L. Christian, MD1995 – Stephen A. Paget, MD2010 – Mary K. Crow, MD

Directors of Research 1955 – Philip D. Wilson, Sr., MD1962 – Goran C.H. Bauer, MD 1969 – Robert C. Mellors, MD, PhD1985 – Aaron S. Posner, PhD1987 – Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD 1990 – Joseph M. Lane, MD1993 – Adele L. Boskey, PhD

Chief Scientific Officers 2002 – Francesco Ramirez, MD2006 – Steven R. Goldring, MD

1863-2013

Celebrating Our 150th Anniversary

535 East 70th StreetNew York, NY 10021212.606.1000www.hss.edu

Executive Editorial BoardMary K. Crow, MDSteven R. Goldring, MD Edward C. Jones, MDDavid B. Levine, MDAldo Papone, Chairman EmeritusDeborah M. SaleThomas P. Sculco, MDLouis A. ShapiroPhilip D. Wilson, Jr., MD

Assistant Vice PresidentCommunicationsShelley Rosenstock

Editor-in-ChiefRachel Sheehan

Managing EditorLinda Errante

Assistant EditorsBeth Demel, Teresa Lamb

Concept and DesignArnold Saks Associates

PrintingMonroe Litho

Timeline Photos and Graphics:HSS Archives, Robert Essel, Bud Glick

World event images and photos as follows: Panel 1 – Corbis; Panel 2 – Corbis, Custom Medical Stock Photo, Getty Images; Panel 3 – APImages, NASA, Custom Medical Stock Photo; Panel 4 – iStock, Getty; Panel 5 – Shutterstock, Getty; Panel 6 – Robert Essel

External Affairs Department Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th StreetNew York, NY 10021 866.976.1196

Hospital for Special Surgery is an affiliate of NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System and Weill Cornell Medical College.

©2013 Hospital for Special Surgery. All rights reserved.

S70960_Sleeve.indd 1 1/24/13 1:57 PM