Lect

ure

7

, 17

May

201

5

Somali RepublicBenadir University

Faculty of EngineeringDep. Civil Engineering

Prepared by:- Architect Engineer, A/kadir Dahir

A/llahi

Architecture II

Hospitals design

Classification of hospitals:-

There are many methods of classification of the hospitals, such as;

1. According to the level of care:a. Secondary hospitals; District Hospital and

some of Specific Hospitals.b.Tertiary hospitals; Central High Specialized

Hospital, Educational Hospital and some of Specific Hospitals.

2. According to the size of the hospital:a. Mini size hospital; <50 bed.b.Mid size hospital; 50-250 beds.c. Big hospital; 250-500 bed.d.Huge hospital; >500 bed.

3. According to the size of the medical specialists:a. Specialist hospital; pediatric hospital, eye

hospital.. etc.b.General hospital; all medical specialists are

provided.d.According to the owners of the hospital:

a. Private hospitals.b.Public hospitals; university hospitals,.. ete.

Elements and divisions of the hospitalThe main division of the hospitals are:1. Administration division.2. Outpatients’ division, includes;

• Outpatient clinics.• Pharmacy.• Emergency reception.

3. Diagnostic services division, includes;• Laboratories.• Radiology (diagnostic).

4. Therapeutic services division, includes;• Physical Therapy.• Radiology (therapeutic).

5. Internal medical treatment division, includes;• Operation Theatres.• Intensive Care unit.•Maternity section.• Central Sterilization Department.

6. Inpatient division, includes;• Patient wards.• Nurses wards.• Inpatient services.

7. General service division, includes;• Kitchen.• Laundry.• Storages.• Workshops.• Mechanical

services.• Mortuary.• Security.• Parking.• Landscaping.

Design considerations Method of study:The study includes:

1. Parts of each division.2. The functional relationship b/w the parts of each

division.3. Area of the division. Depending on:

Recommendations and studies of large WHO experts.

“District Hospitals: Guidelines for Development”, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992. Recommendations and studies of large World Bank experts

“Building for Health Care: a Guide for Planners and Architects of First and Second Level Facilities”, World Bank, 1996.

Recommendations and studies of the American architect and planner of health care facilities ( E. Todd );“Hospital Design and Function”, McGraw Hill, New York, 1964.

1. Administration division Parts and components of the division:• Reception hall.•Waiting area.• Registration.• Treasury and Accounts.• Staff offices.• General manager office.• Staff lounge.• Nursing head office.•WCs.

Location:• Very close to main entrance of the hospital.• Entrance area, registration, accounts should face the entrance, while the manager office should be back for privacy.

Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 50 bed hospital area = 214 m2

• 100 bed hospital area = 363 m2

• 200 bed hospital area = 567 m2

2. World bank estimations (Hopkinson & Kostermans):• 50 bed hospital area = 199 m2

• 100 bed hospital area = 328 m2

• 200 bed hospital area = 409 m2

Examples for admin department50 bed hospital , total area = 214 m2

100 bed hospital , total area = 363 m2

200 bed hospital , total area = 576 m2

2. Outpatients’ division External Outpatient Clinics: Parts and components of the division:• Consultation room.• Examination room.• Treatment room.•Waiting area.• Staff room.•WCs.

Location:• Very close to the main entrance of the hospital.• Close to the diagnostic services (labs and x-ray).• Close the pharmacy.Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 50 bed hospital area = 215 m2

• 100 bed hospital area = 350 m2

• 200 bed hospital area = 540 m2

2. World bank estimations (Hopkinson & Kostermans):• 100 bed hospital area = 345 m2

• 200 bed hospital area = 505 m2

Examples for Clinics department50 bed hospital , total area = 215 m2

100 bed hospital , total area = 305 m2

200 bed hospital , total area = 542 m2

Emergency reception: Parts and components of the division:• Entrance + waiting area.• Registration.• Staff room.•Mini-surgery.• Test room.•Medical utilities.•Mini sterilization room.

Location:• Very close to the exit door of the emergency.• Very close to the radiology.• Close to the pharmacy, laboratories, and central sterilization.•Direct access to the stairs and elevators.Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 100 bed hospital area = 100 m2

• 200 bed hospital area = 215 m2

Examples for Emergency department100 bed hospital , total area = 100 m2

200 bed hospital , total area = 215 m2

3. Diagnostic services division Laboratories: Parts and components of the division:• Work area.• Waiting area.• Sample room.• Cleaning room.• Staff offices.

The most important labs in the hospital are:• Chemical lab.• Bacteriology lab.• Histology lab.• Pathology lab.• Serology lab.• Hematology lab.• Microbiology lab.

Location:• Very close to the emergency department and external clinics.• Easily accessible from internal division.• Easily accessible from maternity and surgery departments.• Accessibility from central storages. Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 50 bed hospital area = 25 m2 • 100 bed hospital area = 60 m2

• 200 bed hospital area = 103 m2

Or area can be counted by the number of the beds, 0.7-0.8 m2 / bed.

A. 50 bed hospital.B. 100 bed hospital.C. 200 bed hospital.

Radiology division: Parts and components of the division:• X-ray rooms.• Control room.•Waiting area.• Staff office.•Utility room.•Dark room.• Film view.• Store.

Location:• Very close to the emergency department and external clinics.• Easily accessible from internal division.•Ground floor is preferred. Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 50-100 bed hospital area = 65-104 m2 • 200 bed hospital area = 220-240 m2

Examples for radiology department100 bed hospital , total area = 155m2

200 bed hospital , total area = 175m2

4. Therapeutic services division Physical therapy division: Parts and components of the division:•Waiting area.•Office.•Hydrotherapy.• Exercise room.•WCs.

Location:• Close to the main entrance of the hospital.• Easy accessible from external clinics.• Easy accessible from internal division.•Must be in the ground floor.Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 50-100 bed hospital area = 65-104 m2 • 200 bed hospital area = 155-225 m2

Examples for physical department200 bed hospital area = 155 m2

5. Internal medical treatment division

Operation theatre: Parts and components of the division:• Entrance.• Storage.• Preparation room.• Access area.• Staff clothes room + WCs.•Operation theatre.• Cleanup room.• Sub sterilizing room.• Supervision room.• Staff lockers.

Location:• Very close to the intensive care division and should be touchable both of them.• Very close to the central sterilization division of the hospital.• Close to the inpatient wards.• Can be easily accessible from the emergency division.Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 50 bed hospital area = 185 m2 • 100 bed hospital area = 360 m2 • 200 bed hospital area = 550 m2

Examples for operation department50 bed hospital area = 185 m2

100 bed hospital area = 360 m2

200 bed hospital area = 550 m2

Intensive care unit: Parts and components of the division:

• I.C.U space.

Location:• Very close to the recovery room in the operation theatre.• Can be easily accessible from the emergency division by elevator.

Area of the department:Must be designed 1-2 % of hospital beds.

Maternity division: Parts and components of the division:• Open room. 20-40 m2•Operation. 26 m2•WCs. •Utilities. 8 m2•Office. 15 m2•Unclean room. 8 m2• Cleanup room. 5 m2• Storage. 10 m2•Waiting area. 10 m2• Corridors w = 2.2 m

Central sterilization division: Parts and components of the division:•Work space.• Receiving area.•Washing area.• Supplies storage.

Location:• Very close to the operation theatre and maternity division.• Can be easily accessible from the emergency division, laundry and central storages.

Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 100 bed hospital area = 65 m2 • 200 bed hospital area = 110 m2

Or 0.6-0.9 m2/bed, 0.6 m2 for large hospitals and 0.9 m2 for small hospitals.

Examples for central sterilization department

100 bed hospital area = 65 m2

200 bed hospital area = 110 m2

6. Inpatient division Parts and components of the division:• Inpatient wards. 11.5m2/bed – 8m2/bed.•WCs.• Nursing station. Not less than 12m2 for 30 patients.

• Treatment rooms. 10-15m2 for 60 patients.• Day rooms. 0.7m2/bed and not less than 15m2

• Nurses’ lounge. Not less than 12m2

• Storage. 8-12m2

• Kitchen. 12m2

• Doctor room. 15m2

The most suitable beds in the hospital is 20-40 patient / unit.

A Nightingale ward is a type of hospital ward, which contains one large room without subdivisions for patient occupancy.Nightingale wards contain about 24 to 34 beds usually arranged along the sides of the ward. 

7. General service division Dietary division:Spaces of the division:• Storage room.• Kitchen.• Preparing and supply area.• Cleaning.

Location:• In the ground floor.•Direct opening to the service entrance.Area of the department:1. Rosenfield• 100 bed hospital area = 195 m2 • 200 bed hospital area = 355 m2

Examples for dietary division100 bed hospital area = 195 m2

200 bed hospital area = 355 m2

Housekeeping division:Spaces of the division:•Office.•Dirty linen.• Clean linen.• Storage.• Laundry.•Mechanical room.

Location:• In the ground floor.• Close to central storages.Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service

(USPHS):50 bed hospital area = 150 m2 100 bed hospital area = 180 m2 200 bed hospital area = 270 m2

General Storages:Spaces of the division:•Medicine storage.• Furniture storage.• Food storage.•Utilities storage.• Achieve.•General storages.

Location:• In the ground floor.• Close to housekeeping and dietary division.• Direct access to the service entrance.Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 100 bed hospital area = 260 m2 • 200 bed hospital area = 520 m2

Generally the area of the storages is 2-2.6m2 /bed.

Mortuary division:Location:• In the ground floor or basement floor.• Exit from emergency entrance or service entrance.Area of the department:1. U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS):• 50 bed hospital area = 25 m2 • 100 bed hospital area = 45 m2 • 200 bed hospital area = 70 m2

Maintenance workshops:Location:• In the ground floor or basement floor.• Direct relation with service entrance.Area of the department:1. WHO experts:• 50 bed hospital area = 65 m2 • 100 bed hospital area = 90 m2

Entrances and circulationEntrances:• Patient visitors entrance.• External clinics entrance.• Emergency entrance.• Service entrance.•Mortuary entrance.