hormone diversity
TRANSCRIPT
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Diversity of Endocrine system
By
Dr. Kamal Modi
3rd year Resident
Biochemistry dept.
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Communication system
Nervous system ---> fixed
Endocrine system ----> mobile
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Target cell
Any cell in which the hormone (ligand) binds to its receptor, whether or not a biochemical or physiologic response has yet been determined.
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How Target cell discriminate between Hormone and other similar molecules ????
Ans: Receptors
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All receptors have at least two functional domains.
1) A recognition domain binds the hormone ligand
2) second region generates a signal that couples hormone recognition to some
intracellular function.
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Group 1
Hormones that bind to intracellular receptors
Lipophilic
Require transport proteins
E.g. Steroids, Iodothyronines Retinoids
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Group 2
Bind to cell surface receptors
Hydrophilic E.g Catecholamines
LH, FSH, HCGInsulin, Glucagon
Mediates through cAMP, cGMP,Ca, Kinase Cascade
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Hormone synthesized in Various cellular arrangements.
In discrete organ designed solely for this purpose.
Thyroid Adrenal Pituitary
T3, T4 Gluco-corticoidsMineralo-corticoids LH
FSHTSHGH
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In specialized cells within other organs.
Small intestineThyroid Kidney
Glucagon Calcitonin Angiotensin II
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Requires the parenchymal cells of more than one organ.
Skin Liver Kidney
Calcitriol
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Hormones are Chemically diverse
synthesized from a wide variety of chemical building blocks.
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hormone is the precursor molecule for another hormone.
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Amino acid tyrosine is the starting point in the synthesis of the catecholamines and of the thyroid hormones tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine; T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
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T3 and T4 are unique in that they require the addition of iodine for bioactivity.
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Many hormones are polypeptides or glycoproteins.
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Hormones Are Synthesized & ModifiedFor Full Activity in a Variety of Ways
synthesized in final form and secreted immediately. E.g. hormones derived from
cholesterol.
synthesized in final form and stored inthe producing cells. E.g. Catecholamines
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synthesized from precursor molecules in the producing cell, then are processed and
secreted. E.g. Insulin
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Converted to active forms from precursor molecules in the periphery (T3 and DHT).
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Thank you...