honors western civilization mrs. civitella. many new protestant groups emerged throughout europe ...
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Honors Western CivilizationMrs. Civitella
Continued effects of the Protestant Reformation
Many new protestant groups emerged throughout Europe
Each believed that their interpretation of the Bible and Christianity was correct
Wars of religion would continue before Europeans accepted the idea that two or more religions could coexist
Baptists First called Anabaptists,
Baptists argued that infants could not be baptized as members of a church because they were too young to understand Christianity
They restricted baptism and church membership to adults
Anabaptists were persecuted by protestants and Catholics in Germany
Examples of Anabaptists are Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites and Amish
Henry VIII Faithful catholic In 1521, Henry wrote an attack on
Lutheran teachings For this Henry was awarded title
“Defender of the Faith” by the pope
In 1527, after 18 years of marriage, Henry wanted a divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon
They had one child, Mary Tudor
Conflict with the Church Henry believed that the stability of
England depended on there being a male heir to the throne
In 1527, Henry asked the Church for a divorce so that he could marry Anne Boleyn
The Church did not permit divorce, so Henry asked the pope to annul (cancel in the eyes of the Church) his marriage
Struggle between Henry VIII and the Pope
Although popes had annulled royal marriages in the past, Pope Clement VII, did not want to annul Henry and Catherine’s marriage because it would have alienated Catherine’s nephew, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
The Pope received military protection from the Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V wanted Catherine to be Queen of England to secure his interests in England
Henry then built up sentiment in England against the pope
Many protestants in England supported Henry’s fury with the Church
Break with Rome In 1533, Henry appointed Thomas
Cramer as archbishop Cramer annulled the marriage
between Henry and Catherine Henry then married Anne Boleyn In 1534, Henry VIII had Parliament
pass the Act of Supremacy which made Henry VIII, not the pope, the head of the church in England
Securing English loyalty Many loyal Catholics refused to accept the Act of
Supremacy They were executed for their refusals Thomas More was one prominent Catholic who believed
that separation was not necessary for reform In 1535, Thomas More was beheaded for treason He was canonized by the Catholic Church for his actions From 1536-1540, Henry closed monasteries and convents
throughout England Because he needed money, he sold the land to nobles,
wealthy farmers, and merchants These landowners would later resist any effort to restore
land or power to the Catholic Church The Church of England, also called the Anglican Church,
was very similar to the Catholic Church except that priests were allowed to use an English translation of the Bible and they could marry
Henry VIII and his wives and religion
Anne Boleyn gave Henry one daughter, Elizabeth
Henry married four more times but had only one son, Edward VI
Henry VIII died in 1547 and his ten year old son Edward inherited the throne
England then swung back and forth between Protestantism and Catholicism
Henry’s successors
During Edward’s reign, Protestant Archbishop Thomas Cramer issued the Book of Common Prayer
this book formally separated the rituals and prayers of the Church of England from the Catholic Church
Edward VI died in 1553 and Henry’s oldest daughter, Catholic Mary Tudor, inherited the Throne
“Bloody Mary” Mary was raised by her mother, Catherine of
Aragon, as a Catholic She was determined to make England a Catholic
country again She persecuted Protestant bishops who would not
follow the authority of the Pope She gave the English people the “option” to return
to the Catholic Church Mary Tudor got her nickname “Bloody Mary”
because she burned hundreds of Protestants at the stake
She further separated the English from the Anglican Church when she married Philip II, the Catholic King of Spain
Mary’s reign only strengthened the English people’s support for Protestantism
Queen Elizabeth I Mary died in 1558 and her half sister Elizabeth I
became queen Elizabeth tried to compromise between
Protestantism and Catholicism called Anglicanism
Her reforms were known as the Elizabethan Settlement
Most of the English were pleased with Elizabeth’s reforms
Radical protestants, known as Puritans, wanted to “purify” the English Church of all Catholic rituals
These radicals would eventually seek religious freedom in the English colonies in the “New World”
Elizabethan England The “virgin queen” Patron of the arts- i.e. Shakespeare Victor of the Spanish Armada Patron of exploration- Sir Walter Raleigh-
discovered Roanoke in 1585 Humanist herself- musician, poet, artists,
Fashion icon Monarch during the Northern Renaissance in
England Named James VI of Scotland, her nephew,
her heir uniting England and Scotland
