honors biology chapter 1 section 4 sc b-1: students will demonstrate an understanding of how...
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TOOLS &PROCEDURES
Honors BiologyChapter 1 Section 4
SC B-1: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how scientific inquiry & technological design can be used to pose
questions, seek answers, & develop solutions
Essential Question:
How would you compare & contrast a light microscope & an electron microscope?
Metric System
used by most scientists based on certain physical
standards scaled on multiples of 10 used in SI
Common Metric Unitslength
1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters(cm)
1 meter (m) = 1000 millimeters (mm)
1000 meters(m) = 1 kilometer (km)
mass1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g)
1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg)
1000 kilograms (kg) = 1 metric ton (t)
more metric units
volume1liter (L) = 1000milliliters( mL)
1 liter (L) = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm3)
temperature0◦ C = freezing point of water
100◦ C = boiling point of water
Analyzing Biological Data
Data Tablescreate a table
to record information measured in an experiment
name the table
Biological Data new field of
BIOINFORMATICS
Computers used:To store dataTo make
sense of dataTo collect
data
Microscopes devices that
produce magnified images of structures too small to see with naked eye
Light Microscopes produce
images by focusing visible light rays through a specimen
limitations< 0.2 µ
Electron Microscope produce
magnified images by focusing beams of electrons on specimen
Compound Light Microscope
up to 1000x magnification
light passes through the specimen
uses 2 lenses specimen dead
or alive (if very small)
specimen may be stained to improve visulaizationStain entire cellStain selected
organelles or macromolecules
Electron Microscopes Can produce
images 1000 times more detailed than light microscope
Types of Electron Microscopes TEMs
(Transmission Electron Microscope)
beam of e- goes thru specimen
SEMs (Scanning Electron Microscopes)
beam scan across surface of specimen
comparing Microscopes
Electron Compound Light
cannot use living cells
Very expensive higher resolution
Specimen could be living
Price not an issue Size limitations
Cell Cultures
Take small sample of cells & place in petri dish with nutrients & allowed to divide.
Cell Cultures
might use the culture to:1. test cell responses under
controlled conditions2. study interactions between cells3. select certain cells for further
study
HeLa Cells
Taken from a patient with cervical cancer in 1950’s
Cells are still growing!
Bacterial Cultures
Made whenever something has been tested for infection
Cell Fractionation
Separates cells into parts
Lab Safety Rules
Always follow read through lab completely before starting
Always follow instructions Ask if you do not understand
directions Always wash your hands at end
of lab