honey bee plants in grenada, eastern caribbeanbee+plants+in+grenada+2016.… · honey bee plants in...

Honey Bee Plants in Grenada, Eastern Caribbean

2016 Nectar, Pollen, and Propolis source plants

Apis mellifera, or European Honey Bee is only able to take food from

250-300 plants in any given location, Grenada is no different. This

manual is to help with plant identification, advice on planning

propagation and if the plant is a nectar, pollen, or propolis bearing.

Compiled and designed by Megan Wannarka


2 Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This book would not have been possible without the help of many beekeepers of

Grenada and others around the Caribbean lending their local knowledge combined

with the few books and websites I could find dedicated to plans on the island of

Grenada.

Also many other locals on busses helpfully gave local names of trees, stories and

additional information when I simply pointed at a tree and asked if anyone knew its

name to a full bus of people. This book is not the end all of knowledge for honey

bee plants on the island but a start of hopefully a larger conversation.

Thank you for your support, patience and advice.

BACKGROUND

Megan Wannarka served in Senegal, West Africa as Peace Corps Sustainable

Extension Agent from 2012 to 2014 working with local farmers there to improve

techniques, find best practices and worked with local beekeepers and African

honey bees. In Grenada she served again in 2015-2016 with Peace Corps

Response as a Beekeeping Trainer and Specialist partnering with the Grenada

Association of Beekeepers, Ministry of Agriculture, Lands Forestry, Fishers and the

Environment of Grenada and beekeepers throughout the island.

Trainings and one-on-one was her primary focus to communicate best practices

found on the island and Grenada specific information to beekeepers, partners and

interested people starting in beekeeping. This plant idenfication manual is focused

for beekeepers, farmers and those interested in supporting beekeeping on

Grenada and through the Caribbean to be an identification manual, documentation

of known plant knowledge on the island and a place to note additional known

valuable species.


Copyright 2016 Megan Wannarka 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... 2

BACKGROUND ............................................................................................ 2

HISTORY OF BEES IN GRENADA ................................................................. 9

DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................. 11

Honey ..................................................................................................................... 11

Honeydew ............................................................................................................. 11

Nectar .................................................................................................................... 11

Pollen ...................................................................................................................... 12

Propolis .................................................................................................................. 12

BEE PLANTS & HOW TO USE THE MANUAL .............................................. 13

Acajou-bois .............................................................................................................. 14

Akee ......................................................................................................................... 14

Allspice ..................................................................................................................... 15

Almond ..................................................................................................................... 15

Anatto....................................................................................................................... 16

Angel's trumpet ....................................................................................................... 16

Avocado ................................................................................................................... 17

Bamboo palm.......................................................................................................... 17

Barbados Aloes ...................................................................................................... 18

Bastard Cedar ........................................................................................................ 18

Beach Morning Glory ............................................................................................ 19

Begoniae ................................................................................................................. 19

Berlliric myrobalan ................................................................................................. 20

Black eye pea ......................................................................................................... 20

Black Mangrove ..................................................................................................... 21

Black Sage .............................................................................................................. 22

Bonavist bean ......................................................................................................... 22

Bottle gourd ............................................................................................................ 23

Bread nut ................................................................................................................. 23

Breadfruit ................................................................................................................ 24

Briar .......................................................................................................................... 24

Butterfly flower ....................................................................................................... 25

Butterfly lily ............................................................................................................. 25

Button Mangrove .................................................................................................... 26



Cabbage ................................................................................................................. 26

Cacolay ................................................................................................................... 27

Campheche ............................................................................................................. 27

Caneficer batard ................................................................................................... 28

Carambola .............................................................................................................. 28

Cardamom .............................................................................................................. 29

Cashew .................................................................................................................... 29

Cassie-Flowers ........................................................................................................ 30

Castor ...................................................................................................................... 30

Century Plant .......................................................................................................... 31

Cerises a cotes ....................................................................................................... 31

Chew Stick ............................................................................................................... 32

Chilli ......................................................................................................................... 32

Christmas bush ........................................................................................................ 33

Christophene ........................................................................................................... 33

Citron ....................................................................................................................... 34

Clove ........................................................................................................................ 34

Cockscomb .............................................................................................................. 35

Cockspur .................................................................................................................. 35

Coconut .................................................................................................................... 36

Coco-ravet .............................................................................................................. 36

Coffee ..................................................................................................................... 37

Corallita .................................................................................................................. 37

Corn ......................................................................................................................... 38

Cotonnier ................................................................................................................. 38

Cotton ...................................................................................................................... 39

Cousin Mahoe ......................................................................................................... 39

Crackopen ............................................................................................................... 40

Crepe flower .......................................................................................................... 40

Cutlette .................................................................................................................... 41

Damsel ..................................................................................................................... 41

Divi-Divi ................................................................................................................... 42

Eggplant .................................................................................................................. 42

False heather .......................................................................................................... 43

Pork fat .................................................................................................................... 43

Flamboyante ........................................................................................................... 44

Flame vine ............................................................................................................... 44

Flax leaf .................................................................................................................. 45

Four o'clock ............................................................................................................. 45



Frangipani ............................................................................................................... 46

Ganjah ..................................................................................................................... 46

Ginger Thomas ....................................................................................................... 47

Gliricidia .................................................................................................................. 48

Golden apple ......................................................................................................... 48

Golden Shower ....................................................................................................... 49

Governor plum ........................................................................................................ 49

Gram ........................................................................................................................ 50

Grape ...................................................................................................................... 50

Grapefruit ............................................................................................................... 51

Grommier blanc ...................................................................................................... 51

Grugru ..................................................................................................................... 52

Guava ...................................................................................................................... 52

Gum .......................................................................................................................... 53

Hibiscus..................................................................................................................... 53

Hog plum ................................................................................................................. 54

Honeysuckle ............................................................................................................. 54

Honeysuckle Caoe .................................................................................................. 55

Horse cassia ............................................................................................................ 55

Horse radish tree .................................................................................................... 56

Jack plum ................................................................................................................. 56

Jamaican nettletree ............................................................................................... 57

Jerusalem thorn ...................................................................................................... 57

Kannik ....................................................................................................................... 58

Kola nut .................................................................................................................... 58

Kudjoe root .............................................................................................................. 59

L'angelin ................................................................................................................... 59

Lemon grass ............................................................................................................. 60

Liane-savon ............................................................................................................. 60

Lignum vitae ............................................................................................................ 61

Lime .......................................................................................................................... 61

Liseron bleu ............................................................................................................. 62

Litchi .......................................................................................................................... 62

Locus ......................................................................................................................... 63

Loofah ...................................................................................................................... 63

Lucky nut .................................................................................................................. 64

Madagascar jasmine ............................................................................................. 64

Madras thorn .......................................................................................................... 65

Mahogany ............................................................................................................... 65



Malay apple .......................................................................................................... 66

Maljoe...................................................................................................................... 66

Manchineel .............................................................................................................. 67

Mango ..................................................................................................................... 67

Maube bark ............................................................................................................ 68

Medecin plant ........................................................................................................ 68

Mesquite .................................................................................................................. 69

Monkey bush ........................................................................................................... 69

Moses-in-the-cradle ............................................................................................... 70

Mother-in-law's tongue ......................................................................................... 71

Mountain Cabbage ............................................................................................... 71

Musk Ochra............................................................................................................. 72

Nim ........................................................................................................................... 72

Noni .......................................................................................................................... 73

Nutmeg .................................................................................................................... 73

Palmiste chou .......................................................................................................... 74

Pawpaw................................................................................................................... 74

Petrea ...................................................................................................................... 75

Physic nut ................................................................................................................. 75

Pigeon berry ........................................................................................................... 76

Pigeon pea ............................................................................................................. 76

Pink poui .................................................................................................................. 77

Plantain .................................................................................................................... 77

Poinsettia ................................................................................................................. 78

Pois Doux ................................................................................................................. 78

Pomegranate .......................................................................................................... 79

Pomme malac.......................................................................................................... 79

Pomme rose ............................................................................................................. 80

Port St. John creeper ............................................................................................. 80

Prickly pear ............................................................................................................ 81

Prickly poppy ......................................................................................................... 81

Pride of India ......................................................................................................... 82

Princess flower ........................................................................................................ 82

Pudding bush .......................................................................................................... 83

Purple allamanda .................................................................................................. 83

Rabbit meat ............................................................................................................ 84

Red ixora................................................................................................................. 84

Red mangrove ........................................................................................................ 85

Samann .................................................................................................................... 85



Sand dragon ........................................................................................................... 86

Santa maria ............................................................................................................ 86

Sapodilla ................................................................................................................. 87

Sausage tree ........................................................................................................... 87

Scarlet cordia ......................................................................................................... 88

Seaside grapes ...................................................................................................... 88

Shaddock ................................................................................................................. 89

Showy combretum .................................................................................................. 89

Silk cotton tree ........................................................................................................ 90

Sisal .......................................................................................................................... 90

Skin-up ..................................................................................................................... 91

Sleeping Hibiscus .................................................................................................... 91

Slipper plant ........................................................................................................... 92

Small wild cucumber .............................................................................................. 92

Soapberry ............................................................................................................... 93

Sorghum ................................................................................................................... 93

Sorrell ....................................................................................................................... 94

Sour Orange ........................................................................................................... 94

Spider flower .......................................................................................................... 95

Star apple ............................................................................................................... 95

Star clusters ............................................................................................................. 96

Sticky cherry ........................................................................................................... 96

Sugar cane .............................................................................................................. 97

Surette ...................................................................................................................... 97

Sweet orange.......................................................................................................... 98

Sweet potato .......................................................................................................... 98

Sweet wood ............................................................................................................ 99

Sweetheart .............................................................................................................. 99

Tallow plum ........................................................................................................... 100

Teak ....................................................................................................................... 100

Thyme .................................................................................................................... 101

Tobacco ................................................................................................................. 101

Tuberose................................................................................................................ 102

Tulip tree ............................................................................................................... 102

Turpentine tree ..................................................................................................... 103

Ven-Ven ................................................................................................................. 103

Wandering Jew ................................................................................................... 104

West Indian Mimosa ........................................................................................... 104

White cedar ......................................................................................................... 105



White mangrove .................................................................................................. 105

Wild Tobacco ....................................................................................................... 106

Wireweed ............................................................................................................. 106

Yellow (shade) Cassia ......................................................................................... 107

Yellow Ader .......................................................................................................... 107

Yellow Flamboyante ............................................................................................ 108

Yellow silk shell seed ........................................................................................... 108

Zuti ......................................................................................................................... 109

TABLE 1: GRENADA NECTAR SOURCES BY COMMON NAME ............... 110

TABLE 2: GRENADA NECTAR SOURCES BY VALUE ................................. 127

TABLE OF FIGURES .................................................................................. 145

REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 152



HISTORY OF BEES IN GRENADA

It is believed that the honey bee was brought to Grenada in the year 1688. The

German bee (Apis mellifera), referred to locally as Black Bees, was the species first

introduced. The Italian variety was introduced in the 1940’s by beekeeper Aubrey

Blackman of Sauteurs, St. Patrick, who imported bees from the Walter T. Kelley

Company of the USA. Since then, beekeepers have been steadily importing queen

bees, earlier from the USA mainland and lately from Hawaii. Most of these imports

have been Italian varieties, but there have also been instances of other varieties

(Starline, for example) being imported. One beneficial result of the importation of

different varieties is that inter-breeding of bees in Grenada has occurred, resulting

in hybrids which have proved to be highly productive.

Initially, information on beekeeping was obtained through and from expatriates,

particularly Roman Catholic priests serving in Grenada. Over the years more

Grenadians got involved in beekeeping (Apiculture): some as commercial

beekeepers, but the majority as hobbyists. As a result, the supply of local honey was

on an intermittent basis. Of course, there were always persons who hunted bees in

the wild and sold the honey collected. During that time, the industry grew very

slowly as was to be expected.

Five beekeepers are contributed with the initial interest in honey bees being shown

on the island: Amir Salem, John Abraham, Paul Salem, Jacob Kanhigh, Aman Nyack,

and Jimmy Beaulieu, respectfully. Most if not all of these men lived in the north of

the island. More research needs to be done into their life and family histories of

honey that are still alive in well in Grenada. (Kanhigh, T. September 28, 2016

personal communication.)

In the 1990s, organizations such as the Agency for Rural Transformation (ART), the

National Development Foundation (NDF) and, the Inter-American Institute for Co-

operation on Agriculture (IICA) were very instrumental in transforming the industry

and converting it into a more organized and business oriented operation. This is not

in any way to be interpreted as a denigration of the role played by earlier

beekeepers who over the years were responsible for the preservation of the skills

involved in, and the existence of a bee industry. (Ermine, 2011)

History of Grenada Association of Beekeeping

Formed in 1998, Grenada Beekeeping Association (GAB) was formed from

fourteen young persons who took a 2-week beekeeping course organized by Inter-

American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA).



Initial funding came from Agency for Rural Transformation (ART) and the National

Development Foundation (NDF). Until 2009, the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) also

provided subvention and a technical officer from the Veterinary and Livestock

Division of the MoA had been assigned full time to assist GAB members. They have

a small office at the Ministry of Agriculture Extension sub-office in Grenville.

“Over the period 2002 to 2008, the number of registered

beekeepers increased from twenty-seven to fifty-seven; the number

of hives in use increased from 810 to 1710 units; and honey

production increased from 13,324lb to 28,129lb. (These figures can

be verified from official statistics.) Present estimates indicate that

the number of hives has dropped to 1400, but the yield per colony

has increased because of better beekeeping practices. This is

mainly due to the efforts of GAB to improve the ability of

beekeepers and to have beekeeping equipment and materials

available at most times, and at reasonable costs to beekeepers.”

(Thomas, Lewis, & Delsol, 2013)

Previously the association co-host the Caribbean Beekeeping Congress (2011),

participated in World Food Day Celebrations (2009) and the week of Agriculture

(2010) along with producing a GAB news bulletin (2009) but this has not been

sustained. In the past, the Association ordered wood goods (hive & hive products)

and equipment in mass, stored it in a container which sold it to beekeepers as

needed. A small profit was made from resale of honey and goods. On April 1,

2011 became a registered incorporated body.

Currently, and for the past 5 years, GAB has faced many challenges. First, the lack

of subvention from the Ministry of Agriculture and the increase of tariffs on imports

has made purchasing a bulk order of goods nearly impossible. Asa result, many

beekeepers have started to import goods themselves (typically from Trinidad or the

United States) or make them on the island.

Since 2010, there has been a change of policy on the import of ‘breeder queens’

from outside of the island. This is still a challenge that is a topic of conversation

between GAB and MoA presently and as of October 2015, 200+ queens have

been purchased and brought in via GAB and MoA and purchased by beekeepers

on the island.



DEFINITIONS

Honey

Honey is the natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of plant sucking insects on the living parts of plants, which the bees collect, transform by combining with specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature. 2.1.1 Blossom Honey or Nectar Honey is the honey which comes from nectars of plants. (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2001)

1 CAPPED HONEY ON THE TOP PORTION WHILE NECTAR IS ON THE BOTTOM UNCAPPED, PHOTO BY AUTHOR

Therefore, by this definition feeding bees with sugar syrup to the point where they are able to have a surplus is not honey because it does not come from a flower or nectar source. Also in with sugar cane, the cane juice is sugar not nectar there for bees do not make honey with it.

Honeydew

Results from the liquid eliminated by certain groups of homopterous insects. (Malumphy, 1997) Typically from aphids or coccids (sucking insects) and will see this in years where there is high aphid or coccid population. Consistency is typically thicker and sweeter than honey.

Nectar

Nectar can be produced on all aerial parts of plants, attracts important animals to plants and forms the basis for honey production. (Lüttge, Beyschlag, Francis, & Cushman, 2012) In the hive is noted as uncapped in the cells, see example in Figure 1.



Pollen

A plant sperm cell. i.e. The movement of pollen from the anther to the stigma is necessary for seed to form in the flowering plant. (Cameron & Craig, 2009) For bees pollen is protein for them, pollen ranges typically from low (10%) to high (25%) As long as honey bees are able to consume sufficient quantiles, they will be able to obtain the nutrients they require. (Somerville, 2005)

2 HONEY BEES WITH POLLEN ON BACK LEGS ENTERING A HIVE 3 POLLEN DRYING FROM GRENADA VIA AUTHOR 4 PROPOLIS ON THE UPPER LEFT OF THE FRAMES

Pollen seems to be one of the factors governing the initiation and maintenance of brood rearing; however, day length, pheromones, physical and chemical stimuli ad the commencement of nectar and pollen collection may also play an important role in the brood-rearing actives of the honey bee colonies Drying Fresh Pollen Pellets. Fresh pellets collected from a pollen trap can be dried in the sun for a few days, in a warm oven, or with a lamp or food drier. Heat up to 120F (49C) for the first hour to kill yeast spores, then dry for 24 hours at 95 to 97F (35-36C). The pellets are ready when they do not crush when rolled between the fingers and do not stick to each other when squeezed. Store them in closed containers at room temperature. (Sammataro, Avitabile, & Caron, 2011)

Propolis

Propolis or “bee glue” … Propolis is formed from resinous excretions of the buds

and bark of trees and shrubs, which bees gather with their mandibles and transport

to their nest or hive for various uses. (Ghisalberti, 1979) Bees use propolis to help

seal up cracks and keeps the hive healthy due to its disinfection properties. (Food

and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006) Propolis can be taken

from latex of fruit and or resin from bark. Propolis also contains persistent lipophilic

acaricides, a natural pesticide that deters mite infestations. (Wikipedia Contributors,

2016)



BEE PLANTS & HOW TO USE THE MANUAL

Please note that the information is compiled from literary sources, personal

conversations and other local books. Not all information will be accurate but a

starting point for information. For example, Star fruit might be more commonly used

name in your region/village of Grenada. Please note that information and forward

it on to me at [email protected] so I can update future editions of this

booklet.

In some plants, no further information is given other than honey bees visit the plant.

The assumption is that are using it for something, but to figure that out takes lots of

observations over time.

The margins are based on printing the booklet double-sided and binding it on the

left.

mailto:[email protected]



Acajou-bois Cigar-box cedar | Cigar box wood, Barbados cedar, Cedar,

Mexican cedar, Red cedar, Spanish cedar, Zwamp cedar, West Indian Cedar

Cedrela odorata

2 DRIED SEED HEAD OF CEDRELA ODORATA VIA HERBARIO.UP.AC.PA 3 TREE & LEAVES OF CEDRELA ODORATA VIA KEYS.LUCIDCENTRAL.ORG

Very widely planted light timber tree in the tropics (Hawthorne et al 2005 p. 224)

Nectar: Yes January February March April May June

July August September October November December

Akee | Akee

Blighia sapida

4 BLIGHIA SAPIDA FRUIT VIA AUTHOR 5 BLIGHIA SAPIDA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes

January February March April May June




Allspice Pimento | Allspice

Pimenta dioica

6 PIMENTA DIOICA BARK VIA EOL.ORG 7 PIMENTA DIOICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG



Almond , Indian almond, Seaside almond | Tropical Almond, Indian almond

Terminalia catappa

8 TERMINALIA CATAPPA ALMOND FLOWER AND NUT VIA AUTHOR

Typically close to the seagrapes





Anatto Rourou, Roucouyer, Rucu, Coucu, Woucou, Lipstick tree | Annatto, Roucou,

Roucoyer, Rucu, Woucou, Achiote, Lipstick plant, Roucou, Urucum Bixa orellana

9 BIXA ORELLANA VIA EOL.ORG

Pink flower shrub, seeds used as body paint and insect repellent (esp mosquitos)(P.

100 Barlow 1993) Fast growing in any soil. The young plant blooms as early as it's

second year. Propagated by seeds. (p. 94 Le Corre 1985)

Nectar: not annual



Angel's trumpet | White Angel Trumpet, Angel's Trumpet tree, Angel's tears

Brugmansia suaveoens

Small tree, white flowers (p. 68 Hawthorn et al 2004) Nectar: Good





Avocado Pear, Zaboca, Zabocaud |Avocado, Pear, Butter fruit

Persea americana

8 PERSEA AMERICANA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 9 PERSEA AMERICANA FLOWER VIA EOL,ORG

Best fruit from grafted stock, annual flower and pollen.

Nectar: High Pollen: Good, High Quality Propolis: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: 2-4/ha



Bamboo palm | Golden Cane Palm, Golden Butterfly Palm, Madagascar palm,

Yellow butterfly palm Dypsis lutescens

10 DYPSIS LUTESCENS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 11 DYPSIS LUTESCENS TREE VIA EOL.ORG





Barbados Aloes |Aloe, West Indian Aloe, Babosa, Burn plant, Coastal Aloe

Aloe vera

12 ALOE VERA VIA AUTHOR

Grows wild throughout the West Indies and is perfectly at home on thin dry soils.

Aloes flower annually and agaves take many years to flower. (p. 62 Barlow 1993)

Nectar: <Low0% January February March April May June


Bastard Cedar , Bois L'Orme, Hetre orme | Pigeon wood, Bastard cedar,

Mutamba, West Indian elm Guazuma ulmifolia

13 GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 13 GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA FRUIT AND LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG 15 GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA BARK VIA EOL.ORG





Beach Morning Glory | Railroad vine, Beach morning glory

Ipomoea pescaprae

16 IPOMOEA PESCAPRAE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Seeds are dispursed by ocean currents and will spout after being soaked in

seawater for up to six months. (p.15-16 Barlow 1993)

Nectar: Yes Pollen: Yes



Begoniae | Purple begonia, Begonias

Begonia

14 BEGONIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

These plants thrive in the shade and in humid climates. They are ideally suited for

borders or busy shrubberies. Propogated by seeds, cutting or divisions of tubers. (p.

19 La Corre 1985)

Nectar: Good Pollen: Good





Berlliric myrobalan | Behda, Belleric myrobalan, Beach Almond, Bedda nut

tree Terminalia bellerica

18 TERMINALIA BELLERICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 19 TERMINALIA BELLERICA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

A large old tree remains in the old botanic garden, St. George's. (p. 58 Hawthorn

et al. 2004)



Black eye pea | Cowpea

Vigna unguiculata subsp. Unguiculata

15 VIGNA UNGUICULATA SUBSP. UNGUICULATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 16 VIGNA UNGUICULATA SUBSP. UNGUICULATA SEED AND LEAF VIA EOL.ORG





Black Mangrove | Black mangrove

Avicennia germinans

22 AVICENNIA GERMINANS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 23 AVICENNIA GERMINANS SEED VIA EOL.ORG

Usually find black mangrove on the shore side of the a swampa area. They range

farther to the north and south that other mangroves. Black mangroves get rid of salt

by excreting it on the leaf surface. (p.49 Barlow 1993) Honey from black

mangrove granulates quickly.





Black Sage Wild sage, Yellow sage, Mille Fleurs, Sauge, Ramgoat Bush, Bwa wa

tout, Pis-a-bed, Jiwof fle, Bwise, Lantana, Red sage | Lantana, Yellow sage, Wild sage, Bwa wa tout, Pis-a-bed, Jiwof fle, Bwise, West Indian Lantana Lantana camara

22 LANTANA CAMARA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 23 LANTANA CAMARA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Plant toxic to grazing animals; butterflies pollinate the flowers, seeds dispersed by

birds. (p. 98 Barlow 1993) Blooms year around. Tolerates most soils, but thrives best

in rich, well drained soil and in a sunny location. Propagated by cuttings (p. 46)



Bonavist bean , Bonavist | Hyacinth Bean, Antaque, Banner bean, Carmelita,

Lablab bean Lablab purpureus

24 LABLAB PURPUREUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 17 LABLAB PURPUREUS BEAN VIA EOL.ORG 26 LABLAB PURPUREUS VINE/BUSH VIA EOL.ORG





Bottle gourd | Hue, Bottle Gourd, Calabash, White flower gourd

Lagenaria siceraria

18 LAGENARIA SICERARIA FLOWER ON VINE AND GREEN GOURD VIA EOL.ORG 19 LAGENARIA SICERARIA DRIED GOURD VIA EOL.ORG



Bread nut Jackfruit | Jack fruit

Artocarpus heterophyllus

20 ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS NUT VIA AUTHOR 21 ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS FRUIT VIA AUTHOR 22 ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS TREE & LEAVES VIA AUTHOR

Tree looks much like Breadfruit but leaves are much larger.





Breadfruit Breadnut | Bread fruit

Artocarpus altilis

23 ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 24 ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS FRUIT AND LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG 25 ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS LATEX ON FRUIT USED BY BEES FOR PROPOLIS VIA EOL.ORG

Is at home in the humid tropical lowlands. New trees are made from pieces of root which are induced to sprout. (p. 116 Barlow 1993) Propolis: Latex from fruit



Briar Piquant Jacques-á-chat, Cassie, Babul | Egyptian Thorn, Scented-pod

acacia, Gum Arabic tree Acacia nilotica

26 ACACIA NILOTICA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 27 ACACIA NILOTICA BEANS VIA EOL.ORG

Acacias are among the most common trees in dry scrubby areas and are armed

with long sharp spines. Shed most or all their leaves durning the dry season. (p.64

Barlow 1993)





Butterfly flower Wild ipecacuanha | Tropical milkweed, Blood flower, Red

head plant, Scarlet milkweed, Silkweed, Wild Ipecacuanha Asclepias curassavica

26 ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 27 ASCLEPIAS CURASSAVICA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Tolerates most soils and dry climate, but requires bright sunlight. Propogated by seeds and division. (p. 16 La Corre 1985) A common weed poisonious to livestock. (p. 148 Hawthorne et al 2005)



Butterfly lily | Camia, White garland-lily, Butterfly ginger, Garland flower,

Ginger lily Hedychium coronarium

28 HEDYCHIUM CORONARIUM FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 29 HEDYCHIUM CORONARIUM PLANT VIA AUTHOR

Blooms Aug to Nov. Tolerates poor soil, but needs liberal watering and requires

sunlight at least part of the day to produce nectar





Button Mangrove Grey mangrove | Buttonwood, Caribbean mangrove, Button

Mangrove, Silver-leaved buttonwood Conocarpus erectus

30 CONOCARPUS ERECTUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 31 CONOCARPUS ERECTUS BARK VIA EOL.ORG

This species grows where the soil is only moderately salt and where tides only

occasionally flood the surface. Bees that feed from the flowers of white and black

mangrove are reputed to produce very good honey. (p. 49-50 Barlow 1993)



Cabbage Kale, Turnip, Pak choy, Pork chives | Mustard, Cabbage

Brassica

32 BRASSICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 33 BRASSICA GROUP OF FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG





Cacolay Pois doux | Pois doux, Ice cream bean

Inga edulis

34 INGA EDULIS VIA EOL.ORG 35 INGA EDULIS FRUIT VIA AUTHOR 36 INGA EDULIS FRUIT INTERIOR VIA AUTHOR 37 INGA EDULIS TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Campheche Campeachy wood, Kampech, Champish, Bloodwood tree |

Logwood, Campseche, Kampech, Bloodwood tree Haematoxylum campechianum

38 HAEMATOXYLUM CAMPECHIANUM FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 39 HAEMATOXYLUM CAMPECHIANUM SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG

Important source of dye, clusters of yellow flowers are one to three inches long. Shrubby small tree with rough gray bar. It grows along roadsides and tolerates drought and poor soils. Logwoods are in bloom mostly from December to May. (p.69 Barlow 1993)





Caneficer batard | False sicklepod

Senna multijuga

40 SENNA MULTIJUGA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 41 SENNA MULTIJUGA VIA EOL.ORG



Carambola Star fruit, Five finger | Carambola, Five fingers, Star fruit

Averrhoa carambola

42 AVERRHOA CARAMBOLA FRUIT AND FLOWER VIA AUTHOR

Slow growth rate. Propogation is from seed, budding or grafting.

Nectar: Major, High Pollen: None Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes





Cardamom | Cardamom

Elettaria cardamomum

43 ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 44 ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM PLANT VIA EOL.ORG



Cashew | Cashew nut

Anacardium occidentale

45 ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE LEAF, FRUIT AND FLOWER VIA AUTHOR

Nectar: Yes Pollen: minor Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes





Cassie-Flowers Sweet cassia | Sweet acacia

Acacia farnesiana

46 ACACIA FARNESIANA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 47 ACACIA FARNESIANA SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes Pollen: Major



Castor Carapate, Ricin, Gwen makwisti, Pye gwen, Palma Christi | Caster bean,

Castor Oil Plant, Ricin Ricinus communis

48 RICINUS COMMUNIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Male and female flowers are borne on the same plant. Seeds are poisonous (p. 98 Barlow 1993) Blooms Jan to Dec. Tolerates a dry climate by requires bright sunlight. Propagated by seeds (p. 101 Le Corre 1985) Nectaries on stems, leafstalks, base of leaf-blade Nectar: Low Pollen: Good





Century Plant | Century plant

Agave caribaeicola

49 AGAVE CARIBAEICOLA IN BLOOM VIA GOOGLE

After 10-20 years flower stalk emerges. It grows very rapidly, to a height of 20 ft

or more. Yellow flowers typically in April (p.61 Barlow 1993)



Cerises a cotes Suninam cherry | Surinam Cherry, Brazil cherry, Pitanga

Eugenia uniflora

50 EUGENIA UNIFLORA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 51 EUGENIA UNIFLORA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 52 EUGENIA UNIFLORA TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Chew Stick | Bejuco de indio, Indian vine, Chewstick Gouania lupuloides

53 GOUANIA LUPULOIDES FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 54 GOUANIA LUPULOIDES FLOWERED BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG 55 GOUANIA LUPULOIDES SEEDLINGS VIA EOL.ORG



Chilli Red chilli, Sweet Chilli, Paprika | Bell pepper, Green pepper, Sweet

pepper, Chili pepper Capsicum annuum

56 CAPSICUM ANNUUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 57 CAPSICUM ANNUUM PEPPER VIA EOL.ORG





Christmas bush | Jack In The Bush, Bitter Bush, Christmas flower, Christmas

bush, Common floss flower, Siamweed, White snake root Chromolaena odorata

58 CHROMOLAENA ODORATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 59 CHROMOLAENA ODORATA VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Christophene Cho-Cho | Chayote, Chistophfine, cho-cho

Sechium edule

60 SECHIUM EDULE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 61 SECHIUM EDULE FRUIT VIA AUTHOR 62 SECHIUM EDULE VINE VIA EOL.ORG

Male and female flowers have10 glands secreting nectar in abundance and some beekeepers believe the vine one of the best honey plants in the world Nectar: high





Citron | Citron, Buddha's hand

Citrus medica

63 CITRUS MEDICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 64 CITRUS MEDICA FRUIT VARITALS VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:1-2/ha



Clove | Clovetree, Clove

Syzygium aromaticum

65 SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 66 SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 67 SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Cockscomb | Crested Cockscomb, Cock's comb, Cultivated cockscomb

Celosia cristata

68 CELOSIA CRISTATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Good



Cockspur | Iguana hackberry, Cock spur

Celtis iguanaea

69 CELTIS IGUANAEA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Common in dry vegetation (p. 86 Hawthorn et al 2005)

Nectar: Yes





Coconut | Coconut

Cocos nucifera

70 COCOS NUCIFERA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 71 COCOS NUCIFERA DWARF VARIETY VIA EOL.ORG 72 COCOS NUCIFERA TALL VARIETY VIA EOL.ORG

Honey is known to granulate in three months

Nectar: Yes Propolis: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Shown to increase yield



Coco-ravet Jumbie apple | Wild honeytree

Casearia decandra

73 CASEARIA DECANDRA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 74 CASEARIA DECANDRA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Disturbed, open moist areas. (p. 54 Hawthorn et al 2004)

Nectar: Yes





Coffee | Coffee

Coffea arabica

75 COFFEA ARABICA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 76 COFFEA ARABICA BERRIES VIA EOL.ORG 77 COFFEA ARABICA TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms May to Sept. Requires rich, fertile, well watered soil. Propagated by seeds and cuttings. (p. 114 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Shown to increase yield



Corallita Coral vine, La belle Mexicane, Bride's tears, Cemetary vine | Coral

creeper, Coralita Miss Rebecca, Chain of love, Confederate vine Antigonon leptotus

78 ANTIGONON LEPTOTUS VIA AUTHOR

Copious nectar in the morning and all day when cloudy. Blooms Jan to Dec. Prefers

a sunny, warm and moist enviroment, requires rich soil in order to bloom adundantly.

Propagated by seeds or division of tubers. (p. 147 Le Corre 1985)

Nectar: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes





Corn Maize | Corn

Zea mays

79 ZEA MAYS FLOWER STALK VIA EOL.ORG 80 ZEA MAYS SILK VIA EOL.ORG 81 ZEA MAYS EAR VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Low Pollen: Low quality



Cotonnier , Coton, Cottonie, Coton pays, Sea island cotton | Long-staple cotton,

Sea-island cotton Gossypium barbadense

82 GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 83 GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE COTTON VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: higher than upland cotton Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:2/ac 5/ha





Cotton | Cotton

Gossypium

84 GOSSYPIUM FLOWER AND COTTON VIA EOL.ORG



Cousin Mahoe (Aramina fibre) | Caesar bur, Caesar's weed, Cockle-bur

Urena lobata

85 URENA LOBATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 86 URENA LOBATA FRUIT DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 87 URENA LOBATA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Crackopen | Crackopen

Casearia sylvestris

88 CASEARIA SYLVESTRIS FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 89 CASEARIA SYLVESTRIS FLOWER CLUSTER VIA EOL.ORG 90 CASEARIA SYLVESTRIS BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG

Mostly in moist forest at high altitues, especially in distubed areas. (p. 54 Hawthorn et al. 2004) Nectar: Yes



Crepe flower Queen's crepe myrtle | Crape myrtle

Lagerstroemia indica

91 LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 92 LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA BUSH VIA AUTHOR

Do not confuse with Queen’s flower tree (same species different variety) Blooms May to August. Fast growing tree, requires warm and humid climate and sunlight. Propagated by seed. (p. 74 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Good Pollen: Good





Cutlette Fiddlewood, Pendula, Cutlet, Bois cocklet, Kiklet, Figbush, Fairy tree, Bois

carre | Cutlet, Fiddlewood, Flordia fiddlewood, Bois fidele, Pendula, Bois cocklet, Koklet, Figbush, Fairy tree, Bois carre Citharexylum spinosum

93 CITHAREXYLUM SPINOSUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 94 CITHAREXYLUM SPINOSUM FRUIT ON BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG 95 CITHAREXYLUM SPINOSUM TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Leafstalks are pink to orange, small, sweet smelling flowers are borne on upright

spikes and are visited by bees. (p. 68 Barlow 1993)

Nectar: Good January February March April May June


Damsel Damson | Otaheite Gooseberry, Gooseberry Phyllanthus acidus

96 PHYLLANTHUS ACIDUS FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 97 PHYLLANTHUS ACIDUS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG





Divi-Divi | Divi divi, American sumac, Cascolate

Caesalpinia coriaria

98 CAESALPINIA CORIARIA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 99 CAESALPINIA CORIARIA SEEDPODS VIA EOL.ORG 100 CAESALPINIA CORIARIA BARK VIA EOL.ORG



Eggplant Aubergine | Eggplant, Aubergine

Solanum melongena

101 SOLANUM MELONGENA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 102 SOLANUM MELONGENA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Increase yeild





False heather | Mexican heather, Elfin herb, False heather

Cuphea hyssopifolia

103 CUPHEA HYSSOPIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms year around, requires rich, well-watered soil and a sunny to semi shady

location. Propogated by cuttings, seeds. (p, 35 La Corre 1985)

Nectar: Low



Pork fat Hog Plum Coco plum, Cacos | Coco plum, Hog plum

Chrysobalanus icaco

104 CHRYSOBALANUS ICACO FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 105 CHRYSOBALANUS ICACO FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Flamboyante Poinciana, Flame Tree | Royal ponciana, Flamboyant, Flametree,

Gold mohar Delonix regia

106 DELONIX REGIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 107 DELONIX REGIA BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms May to August. A fast growing tree it requires a deep soil, but tolerates a dry climate. Propagated by seed. (p. 70 La Corre 1985) Nectar: Not annual



Flame vine | Golden shower, Flame vine

Pyrostegia venusta

108 PYROSTEGIA VENUSTA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 109 PYROSTEGIA VENUSTA VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Dec to March. A slow growing plant, it requires a sunny location, thrives and walls or rooftops facing south. Needs plenty of water and fertilizer. Propagated by cuttinngs. (p. 132 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes





Flax leaf Paperback | Flax-leaved paperbark, Cajeput Tree

Melaleuca linariifolia

110 MELALEUCA LINARIIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 111 MELALEUCA LINARIIFOLIA TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Jan to April. Tolerates sea spray and dry climate. Propagated by seed or

cuttings. (p. 81 Le Corre 1985)

Nectar: Low



Four o'clock | Four O'Clock Plant, Marvel-of-peru, Beauty of the night

Mirabilis jalapa

112 MIRABILIS JALAPA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 113 MIRABILIS JALAPA BUDS VIA EOL.ORG 114 MIRABILIS JALAPA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms year around. This hardy plant toleares poor soil, aridity and a semi-shady

location. Propogated by seed (p. 43 Le Corre 1985)

Nectar: Low





Frangipani | Frangipani, Red Frangipani, Nosegay, Pagoda Tree, Temple tree

Plumeria rubra

115 PLUMERIA RUBRA FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 116 PLUMERIA RUBRA PLANT VIA AUTHOR

Grown from cuttings but need to dry out for a day or two before planted (p. 69

Barlow 1993)

Propolis: Latex January February March April May June


Ganjah Hemp | Hemp

Cannabis sativa

117 CANNABIS SATIVA BUDS VIA EOL.ORG 118 CANNABIS SATIVA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Little to none Pollen: Good





Ginger Thomas Christmas Hope, Yellow Cedar, Yellow Elder, Coribee, Bois |

Caraibe, Bois pissenlit, Bois fleur jaunes, Flambeaux, Yellow elder, Yellow Trumpet flowers Tecoma stans

119 TECOMA STANS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 120 TECOMA STANS SEED PODS VIA EOL.ORG 121 TECOMA STANS TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Poor soil, a dry climate and sea spray do not deter this little tree. Its prolific bright

yellow flowers..and their sweet smell draws bees. (p. ? Barlow) Blooms Oct to April.

Tolerates poor soil and a dry climate and sea spary. Requires bright sunlight.

Nectar: Yes





Gliricidia Quick stick | Mother of cocoa, Gliricidia, Quick stick Gliricidia sepium

122 GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 123 GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM SEED POD & FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 124 GLIRICIDIA SEPIUM TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Pink flowers bllom in the dry season when trees are leafless.(p. 97 Barlow 1993) Fast growth rate. Great to add to biodiversity of plantings. Related to soybean (Glycine max.) subject to regular pesticide use. Blooms Jan on. Propagated by seeds or cuttings. Nectar: Yes



Golden apple Pomecythere, June plum, Yellow plum, Golden apple, Otaheite

plum | Golden apple Spondias dulcis

125 SPONDIAS DULCIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 126 SPONDIAS DULCIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Good





Golden Shower | Golden shower, Purging cassia

Cassia fistula

127 CASSIA FISTULA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 128 CASSIA FISTULA TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms March to June. Tolerates any soil but requres birght sunlight. Propagated by

seeds or cuttings. (p. 68 Le Corre 1985)



Governor plum | Ramontchi, Governor's plum, Batokoa palm

Flacourtia ramontchii

129 FLACOURTIA RAMONTCHII FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 130 FLACOURTIA RAMONTCHII FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Gram | Chick pea, Garbanzo bean

Cicer arietinum

131 CICER ARIETINUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 132 CICER ARIETINUM SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG



Grape Grape

Vitis

133 VITIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 134 VITUS FRUIT AND LEAF VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Grapefruit | Grapefruit

Citrus x paradisi

135 CITRUS X PARADISI FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Pure Grapefruit honey can become thixotrophic-need to be vibrated to removed from comb Nectar: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: More info needed



Grommier blanc Mountin gommier, Bois gommier, Gommier a canots |Butter

fruit, Safou, Bush mango, African pear, African plum, Bush butter, Eben tree, Native Pear Dacryodes edulis

136 DACRYODES EDULIS FLOWERS VIA FLICKR 137 DACRYODES EDULIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Must have good deep root systems, for they often grown on steep slopes and when

blasted by hurricanes, the tops usually break before the tree is uprooted. (p. 137

Barlow 1993)

Nectar: Yes





Grugru | Grou grou palm, Yellow Coconut, Coyol Palm

Acrocomia aculeata

138 ACROCOMIA ACULEATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 139 ACROCOMIA ACULEATA SMALL FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 140 ACROCOMIA ACULEATA TRUNK VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Guava |Guava

Psidium guayava

141 PSIDIUM GUAYAVA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 142 PSIDIUM GUAYAVA YOUNG FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Grows along roadisdes, in gardens and in the dry bush. Fast growing, annual pollen, five-petalled flower (p. 117 Barlow 1993) Nectar: High Propolis: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes





Gum , Clammy cherry | Clammy cherry

Cordia obliqua

Climbing shrub, in moister areas at all altitudes, but not very common. (p. 94 Hawthorn et al 2005) Nectar: ? Pollen: ?



Hibiscus Chinese hibiscus | Shoe-flower, Chinese hibiscus, Shoeblackplant,

Chinese roose, Double rose hibiscus, Rose of china Hibiscus rosa sinensis

143 HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 144 HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Jan to Dec. Tolerates most soils but needs sunlight and liberal watering to bloom abundantly. Propagated by cutting (p. 106 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: minor Propolis: mucilage Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Bumble bees





Hog plum Mombain | Java plum, Hog plum

Spondias mombin

145 SPONDIAS MOMBIN FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 146 SPONDIAS MOMBIN LEAVES AND FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Honeysuckle | Honeysuckle, Chinese honeysuckle, Hall's honeysuckle, Japanese

honeysuckle Lonicera japonica

147 LONICERA JAPONICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 148 LONICERA JAPONICA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Good Pollen: Good





Honeysuckle Caoe Trumpet flower | Cape Honeysuckle

Tecoma capensis

149 TECOMA CAPENSIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 150 TECOMA CAPENSIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG



Horse cassia | Capote, Pink shower, Stinking toe

Cassia grandis

151 CASSIA GRANDIS BOTANICAL VIA EOL.ORG 152 CASSIA GRANDIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 153 CASSIA GRANDIS SEED PODS VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Horse radish tree (oil of ben), Moonga | Moringa, Horseradish tree, Drumstick

tree, Ben oil tree Moringa oleifera

154 MORINGA OLEIFERA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 155 MORINGA OLEIFERA PLANT WITH SEED PODS VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Jack plum Jamun, Jamon | Jambolan, Java plum

Syzygium cumini

156 SYZYGIUM CUMINI FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 157 SYZYGIUM CUMINI FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 158 SYZYGIUM CUMINI PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Next to largest producer (mesquite) in all Hawaiian islands





Jamaican nettletree | Jamaican nettletree

Trema micrantha

159 TREMA MICRANTHA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG

A pioneer tree of open, distrubed areas (p. 92 Hawthorn et al. 2005) Nectar: Yes



Jerusalem thorn | Jerusalem thorn, Horsebean, Mexican Palo Verde, Acacia,

Barbados flowerfence, Espinillo, Retaima Parkinsonia aculeata

160 PARKINSONIA ACULEATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 161 PARKINSONIA ACULEATA SEED & POD EOL.ORG

Nectar: not attractive





Kannik Horse Nicker, Gray nickerbean, Warri, Canique grise, Grey nicker,

Bahama braziletto, Konik, Gwu sak borik, Gwenzye bonwikt, z'yuex a chatte, kach kach, Donkey eye |Nicker nut, Gray nickernbean, Bonduc, Divi-divi Caesalpinia bonduc

162 CAESALPINIA BONDUC SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG 163 CAESALPINIA BONDUC FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Kannik is a scarmbling shrub or vine, stem and leaves are covered with vicious prickles and the seed pod is a miniature porcupine. This plant is often found in the dry zone above beaches. The seeds are washing from place to place by the sea. Pollen: minor Propolis: Yes



Kola nut | Kola nut, Abata Cola

Cola acuminate

164 COLA ACUMINATE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 165 COLA ACUMINATE BOTANICAL VIA EOL.ORG 166 COLA ACUMINATE NUT VIA EOL.ORG

Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: More info needed





Kudjoe root Garlic root, Gully root, Conga root, Da | Gully root, Guinea

Henweed Petiveria alliacea

167 PETIVERIA ALLIACEA VIA EOL.ORG 168 PETIVERIA ALLIACEA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Common weed in damp disturbed vegetation. (p. 64 Hawthorn et al 2004) Nectar: ?



L'angelin Jamaican cabbage tree |Angelin, Cabbagebark tree, Batseed,

Jumbie Bead, Palo De Burro, West Indian Walnut Andira inermis

169 ANDIRA INERMIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 170 ANDIRA INERMIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 171 ANDIRA INERMIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Extremely common across Grenada, especially along rivers and streams, but also roadsides. (p. 252 Hawthorne et al 2005) Nectar: Yes





Lemon grass | Lemon grass, Citronella grass

Cymbopogon nardus

172 CYMBOPOGON NARDUS PLANT VIA AUTHOR

Not a fodder plant for bees, but works well to ‘bait’ capture hives with.



Liane-savon | Rattan, Liane Savon

Gouania polygama

173 GOUANIA POLYGAMA SEED VIA EOL.ORG 174 GOUANIA POLYGAMA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 175 GOUANIA POLYGAMA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG





Lignum vitae Tree of Life |Lignum vitae, Guaiac tree

Guaiacum officinale

176 GUAIACUM OFFICINALE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 177 GUAIACUM OFFICINALE GRENADIAN POSTAGE STAMP VIA EOL.ORG 178 GUAIACUM OFFICINALE SEED VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: ?



Lime |Lime, Key lime, Citron, Mexican lime, West Indian lime

Citrus aurantiifolia

179 CITRUS AURANTIIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 180 CITRUS AURANTIIFOLIA PLANT AND FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Moderate growth rate, annual flower & pollen, flower in the 2nd year of planting,

more regular after 4 years.

Nectar: Minor from fruit Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes





Liseron bleu | Campanita, Ivy-leaved Morning Glory, Japanese morning glory,

Pharbitis seeds, Red Star Glory Ipomoea nil

181 IPOMOEA NIL FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 182 IPOMOEA NIL PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 183 IPOMOEA NIL SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG



Litchi | Lychee

Litchi chinensis

184 LITCHI CHINENSIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 185 LITCHI CHINENSIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: major Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes





Locus Stinking toe |Locust, Stinkingtoe

Hymenaea courbaril

186 HYMENAEA COURBARIL FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 187 HYMENAEA COURBARIL FRUIT/SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG

Propolis: Resin



Loofah | Sponge gourd, Climbing okra, Dishcloth gourd, Loofa

Luffa aegyptiaca

188 LUFFA AEGYPTIACA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 189 LUFFA AEGYPTIACA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 190 LUFFA AEGYPTIACA SEEDS AND SPONGE VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Lucky nut Yellow oleander | Lucky nut, Yellow Oleander

Thevetia peruviana

191 THEVETIA PERUVIANA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 192 THEVETIA PERUVIANA SEED VIA EOL.ORG

Plant toxic; seeds very dangerous. Blooms Jan-Dec, tolerated a dry climae, sea spray. Propagated by seeds or cuttings. (p. 55 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes



Madagascar jasmine | Madagascar Jasmine

Stephanotis floribunda

193 STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA BUDS AND LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG 194 STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Requires hot and humid environment, but tolerates some shade. Propagated by seeds, cutting or grafting. (p. 131 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Low





Madras thorn | Madras thorn, Manila tamarind, Black beard, Monkey pod

Pithecellobium dulce

195 PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 196 PITHECELLOBIUM DULCE SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG



Mahogany | Barbados Mahogny, West indian mahogany, Small-leaved

Mahogany Swietenia mahagoni

197 SWIETENIA MAHAGONI FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 198 SWIETENIA MAHAGONI SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG 199 SWIETENIA MAHAGONI TREE VIA EOL.ORG

Grows in both dry and humid forests. (p. 101 Barlow 1993) Nectar: ? Pollen: ?





Malay apple Wax apple | Mountain apple, Watery Rose Apple Syzygium aqueum

200 SYZYGIUM AQUEUM FLOWER VIA WIKIPEDIA 201 SYZYGIUM AQUEUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Feb to March. Requires a warm and humid climate. Propagated by seed (p.

79 Le Corre 1985)



Maljoe (grudge pea) Jamaican Horse bean, Sword bean | Jack bean, Horse

bean, Garde place, Wonder bean Canavalia ensiformis

202 CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 203 CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS SEED POD AND PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Known to pollinate





Manchineel Poison apple | Manchineel

Hippomane mancinella

204 HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA PLANT VIA AUTHOR 205 HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA VIA EOL.ORG 206 HIPPOMANE MANCINELLA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Manchineel is so toxic that the sap was used by the Caribs to poison their arrows and so caustic it can take the paint off a car. Grows alogn many beaches. The best imnediate first aid is probably a thorough washing in the sea. (p. 18 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes



Mango |Mango

Mangifera indica

207 MANGIFERA INDICA FLOWER VIA AUTHOR 208 MANGIFERA INDICA FRUIT VIA AUTHOR

Nectar: Yes Pollen: major Propolis: Resin Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:8-15/ha or





Maube bark Soap bush |Snakebark, Soaptree, Greenheart

Colubrina arborescens

209 COLUBRINA ARBORESCENS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 210 COLUBRINA ARBORESCENS LEAF VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: minor



Medecin plant | Spanish bayonet, Bear grass, Aloe yucca, Dagger plant,

Spanish bayonet Yucca aloifloila

211 YUCCA ALOIFLOILA IN BLOOM VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Jan to Dec, tolerates any well-drained soil and a dry climate, but requires sunlight. Propogated by offsets. (p. 34 La Corre 1985) Nectar: minor





Mesquite | River algarrobo, Alaroba, Mesquite, Ironwood

Prosopis juliflora

212 PROSOPIS JULIFLORA FLOWER AND SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG 213 PROSOPIS JULIFLORA THORN AND BRANCH VIA EOL.ORG

It can be grown from seed but also reproduced from rool suckers or stem cuttings.

Under ideal conditions produces seed within 3 years.



Monkey bush Velvet leaf | `uhaloa, Sleepy morning

Waltheria indica

214 WALTHERIA INDICA FLOWER AND PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Yellow pollen Pollen: Some





Moses-in-the-cradle | Oyster plant, Moses-in-a-boat, Three Men In A Boat,

Boat lily Tradescantia spathacea

215 TRADESCANTIA SPATHACEA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 216 TRADESCANTIA SPATHACEA IN BLOOM VIA EOL.ORG

Sap may cause skin rash. Grows in sunlight, tolerates dry climate and the poorest

soil but grows vigoursly in the fertile ground. Propogated by seeds, divison of

suckers. (p. 26 La Corre 1985)





Mother -in-law's tongue Ladies tounge, Langua-a-via-femme, Siris |

Lebbeck, East Indian walnut, Women's tongue, Mother-in-law's tongue, Ladies

tongue, Shack-shack, Langua-a-via-femme, Siris

Albizia lebbeck

217 ALBIZIA LEBBECK FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 218 ALBIZIA LEBBECK SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG

Cream colored flowers are fragrant and are like tiny feather dusters, typically in dry areas and well suited for poor soils (p. 100 Barlow 1993) Blooming Aug to Nov. Fast-Growing, it tolerates a dry climate but requires bright sunlight. Propagated by seed Nectar: Scarce



Mountain Cabbage | Mountain Cabbage

Euterpe broadwayi

Pollen: High





Musk Ochra | Okra, Gumbo, Lady's fingers, Quiabo

Abelmoschus esculentus

219 ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 220 ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Low Pollen: Low



Nim Neem | Neem, Indian lilac, Margosa Tree, Yepa

Azadirachta indica

221 AZADIRACHTA INDICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 222 AZADIRACHTA INDICA SEED VIA EOL.ORG

Pollen: Minor





Noni Pain killer tree (Guyana), Monkey dumpling (Barbados) | Noni, Dog

dumpling, Awl Tree, Great morinda, Indian mulberry, Pain killer, Yaw weed Morinda citrifolia

223 MORINDA CITRIFOLIA FLOWER AND FRUIT VIA AUTHOR

Nectar: ? Pollen: ?



Nutmeg | Nutmeg

Myristica fragans

224 MYRISTICA FRAGANS FRUIT AND SEED VIA AUTHOR

Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: More info needed





Palmiste chou Mountain palm |Mountain cabbage, Palmiste chou, Sierran Palm

Prestoea acuminata var. montana

225 PRESTOEA ACUMINATA VAR. MONTANA BERRIES

Pink, brushy flower cluster spouts from below the leaves



Pawpaw | Papaya, Mamon, Melon tree, Paw paw,

Carica papaya

226 CARICA PAPAYA FLOWER AND FRUIT VIA AUTHOR

Nectar: Minor Pollen: Minor





Petrea Lilac, Sandpaper vine | Queen's wreath, Sandpaper vine

Petrea volubilis

227 PETREA VOLUBILIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Jan to Oct. Requires bright sunlight but tolerates a dry climate. Propagated by cutting or grafting. (p. 150 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes Pollen: Minor



Physic nut Bellyache bush, Coral plant | Physic nut, Jatropha, Barbados nut

Jatropha curcas

228 JATROPHA CURCAS FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 229 JATROPHA CURCAS SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG

Seeds poisonous. Blooms Jan to Dec. Requires warmth and sun, but tolerates a dry climate and a poor soil. Propagated by cuttings (p. 101 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes





Pigeon berry | Gold dew drop, Golden dew drop, Forget me not tree, Pigeon

berry, Skyflower Duranta erecta

230 DURANTA ERECTA PLANT, FLOWERS AND BERRIES VIA AUTHOR

Tolerates poor and dry soil and should be trimmed regularly. Berries ediable by birds. Propagated by seeds or cutting. (p. 123 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes



Pigeon pea | Pigeon pea, Tropical green pea, Congo pea, Gungo pea, Red

gram Cajanus cajan

231 DURANTA ERECTA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 232 DURANTA ERECTA SEEDPOD AND FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Bear continulally and are 2 varietals yellow & yelllow streaked with red (p. 116 Barlow 1993) Nectar: minor Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: ?





Pink poui | Pink Trumpet Tree, Pink poui

Tabebuia rosea

233 TABEBUIA ROSEA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 234 TABEBUIA ROSEA SEEDPOD VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: gathered from ground flowers



Plantain |Plantain

Musa paradisiaca

235 MUSA PARADISIACA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 236 MUSA PARADISIACA FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG





Poinsettia | Poinsettia, Christmas flower

Euphorbia pulcherrima

237 EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Sap toxic. Propagated by cutting. (p. 97 Le Corre 1985) Externally and internally Nectar: Yes



Pois Doux |Guamá, Sacky sac bean, Poix doux

Inga laurina

238 INGA LAURINA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 239 INGA LAURINA SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG





Pomegranate | Pomegranate

Punica granatum

240 PUNICA GRANATUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 241 PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Blooming Jan to Dec. Requires bright sunlight a dry and warm climate and a rich and well drained soil. Propagated by seeds, cutting, or grafting. (p. 112 Le Corre 1985)



Pomme malac Pomerac, French cashew | Malay apple, Malaysian apple,

Ohia, Pomerac Syzygium malaccense

242 SYZYGIUM MALACCENSE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 243 SYZYGIUM MALACCENSE FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG





Pomme rose Malabar plum | Rose apple, Jambos, Malabar plum

Syzygium jambos

244 SYZYGIUM JAMBOS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 245 SYZYGIUM JAMBOS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG



Por t St. John creeper | Zimbabwe Creeper, Pandora vine, Pink trumpet tree

Podranea ricasoliana

246 PODRANEA RICASOLIANA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Sept to June, in rich soil and in a sunny location it will rapidly cover its support. Propagated by seeds or grafting (p. 132 le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes





Prickly pear Dildo |Prickly Pear, Sweet Prickly-pear

Opuntia stricta var. dillenii

247 OPUNTIA STRICTA VAR. DILLENII FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 248 OPUNTIA STRICTA VAR. DILLENII PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Pretty yellow flowers grow from the edges of the pads, usually in the spring. (p.65 Barlow 1993)



Prickly poppy |Mexican poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, Prickly Poppy

Argemone mexicana

249 ARGEMONE MEXICANA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Plant toxic; seeds fatal to chickens. Blooms year around, tolerates dry climate and sea spray. Propograted by seed(p. 42 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Minor Pollen: Yes





Pride of India |Chinaberry, White cedar, Chinaberry tree,

Persian lilac, Tree of Heaven Melia azedarach

250 MELIA AZEDARACH FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 251 MELIA AZEDARACH FRUIT/SEED VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms March to Nov. Propogated by seed (p. 77 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Low Pollen: Low



Princess flower | Glory Bush, Purple Glory Tree

Tibouchina semidecandra

252 TIBOUCHINA SEMIDECANDRA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Jan to Dec. Requires rick and well watered soil, and prefers a sunny or semi-shady location. Propagated by cutting. (p. 112 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Good Pollen: Good





Pudding bush Snake vine | Water liana, Seasonvine, Snake bitters, Snake vine

Cissus verticillata

253 CISSUS VERTICILLATA FLOWERBUD VIA AUTHOR 254 CISSUS VERTICILLATA BERRIES VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Purple allamanda Rubber vine, Pen plant | Rubbervine, Indian rubbervine,

Palay rubbervine, Purple allamanda Cryptostegia grandiflora

255 CRYPTOSTEGIA GRANDIFLORA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 256 CRYPTOSTEGIA GRANDIFLORA SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Rabbit meat | Slender joyweed, Island Joyweed

Alternanthera ficoidea

257 ALTERNANTHERA FICOIDEA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 258 ALTERNANTHERA FICOIDEA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Red ixora Jungle flame | Jungle Flame, Ixora, Scarlet Jungleflame, Flame of the

woods, Jungle geranium, Needle flower, Sacred ixora Ixora coccinea

Blooms year around. Requires well drained soil and a sunny location. It grows fast. Propogated by seed or cuttings (p. 117 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes





Red mangrove | Red mangrove

Rhizophora mangle

259 RHIZOPHORA MANGLE FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 260 RHIZOPHORA MANGLE PLANT WITH PANICLE VIA EOL.ORG

This is a tree that has seedlings but no seeds - the phase of a plat that involves sitting around doing nothing. (p. 48 Barlow 1993)



Samann Raintree, Massav, Cocoas tamarind, Arbre a la pluie, Cow tambran |

Saman tree, Raintree, Massav, Cocos tamarind, Arbre a la pluie Albizia saman

261 ALBIZIA SAMAN FLOWERVIA EOL.ORG 262 ALBIZIA SAMAN LEAF AND SEED VIA EOL.ORG

Tens of thousands of pin powder puff flowers. (p. 101 Barlow 1993)





Sand dragon | Fragrant dracaena, Forest dracaena

Dracaena fragrans

263 DRACAENA FRAGRANS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 264 DRACAENA FRAGRANS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Santa maria Barbados Sage | Bushy lippia, Bushy matgrass

Lippia alba

265 LIPPIA ALBA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Sapodilla Naseberry | Sapote, Sapodilla

Manilkara zapota

266 MANILKARA ZAPOTA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 267 MANILKARA ZAPOTA FRUIT AND TREE VIA AUTHOR

Nectar: Major



Sausage tree | Sausage tree

Kigelia pinnata

268 KIGELIA PINNATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 269 KIGELIA PINNATA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Jan to May. Used along road-sides for shade. Propagated by seed. (p. 56 Le Corre 1985)





Scarlet cordia Geiger tree | Geiger Tree, Largeleaf geigertree, Anacahuita,

Broadleaf Cordia sebestena

270 CORDIA SEBESTENA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 271 CORDIA SEBESTENA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes Pollen: Minor



Seaside grapes | Sea grape, Shore grape, Seaside grape

Coccoloba uvifera

272 COCCOLOBA UVIFERA FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 273 COCCOLOBA UVIFERA FLOWERING PLANT VIA EOL.ORG 274 COCCOLOBA UVIFERA FRUIT

..Found both on calm leeward beaches and on low-lying eastern beaches that are exposed to full force of trade winds. Male and female flowers of the seagrape grow on seperate plants. (p. 16-17 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes





Shaddock Forbidden Fruit | Pomelo, Citron, Shaddock

Citrus maxima

275 CITRUS MAXIMA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 276 CITRUS MAXIMA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes Pollen: Yes Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:1-2/ha



Showy combretum | Chapamiel

Combretum latifolium

277 COMBRETUM LATIFOLIUM FLOWER VIA WIKIPEDIA COMMONS

278 COMBRETUM LATIFOLIUM SEED POD VIA IDTOOLS.ORG

Blooms Feb to April. Needs little care, grows in bright sunlight. Propagated by seeds or cuttings. (p. 134 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes





Silk cotton tree Kapok | Silk-cotton tree, Devil's tree, Fromager, Mapou,

Kapokier, Pin tree, Fonmaje Ceiba pentandra

279 CEIBA PENTANDRA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 280 CEIBA PENTANDRA SEED VIA EOL.ORG 281 CEIBA PENTANDRA BUTRESSES AND TRUNK VIA AUTHOR

Pinkish flowers pollinated by bats 15 min after sunset in winter, when the tree is leafless. Seeds can pressed for oil and is used for lamp oil or for making soap. (p. 66-67 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes Pollen: Major



Sisal | Century plant

Agave

282 AGAVE FLOWERVIA EOL.ORG 283 AGAVE BLOOMING PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Pollen: Yes





Skin-up Genip | Mamoncillo, Spanish lime, Ackee, Genip, Skinup

Melicoccus bijugatus

284 MELICOCCUS BIJUGATUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 285 MELICOCCUS BIJUGATUS FRUIT VIA AUTHOR

Nectar: Yes



Sleeping Hibiscus | Turkscap, Sleeping Hibiscus, Wax Mallow

Malvaviscus arboreus

286 MALVAVISCUS ARBOREUS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 287 MALVAVISCUS ARBOREUS LEAF AND SEED VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Slipper plant | Slipper flower, Bird Cactus, Redbird flower

Pedilanthus tithymaloides

288 PEDILANTHUS TITHYMALOIDES FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 289 PEDILANTHUS TITHYMALOIDES PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Plant toxic; has very irritant sap. Blooms year around, A fast growing plant, it tolerartes a dry and poor soil, but requires sunlight. Propagated by cutting. (p. 29 La Corre 1985) Nectar: Minor



Small wild cucumber | Melonette, Wild cucumber, Creeping Cucumber

Drooping melonnette, Gaudeloupe cucumber Melothria pendula

290 MELOTHRIA PENDULA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 291 MELOTHRIA PENDULA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: minor





Soapberry | Soapberry, Wingleaf soapberry, Western soapberry

Sapindus saponaria

292 SAPINDUS SAPONARIA FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 293 SAPINDUS SAPONARIA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 294 SAPINDUS SAPONARIA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Sorghum Millet, Guinea grain | Sorghum

Sorghum bicolor

295 SORGHUM BICOLOR FLOWERING HEAD VIA EOL.ORG 296 SORGHUM BICOLOR FIELD VIA EOL.ORG





Sorrell Red sorrell | Sorrel, Roselle

Hibiscus sabdariffa

297 HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FLOWER 298 HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: ? Pollen: ?



Sour Orange Seville | Seville orange, Gospo, Sour Orange, Bitter Orange

Citrus aurantium

299 CITRUS AURANTIUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 300 CITRUS AURANTIUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Pollen: minor Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:1-2/ha





Spider flower |Spider flower, Spiny spiderflower

Tarenaya spinose

301 TARENAYA SPINOSA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 302 TARENAYA SPINOSA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Tolerates a dry climate and poor soil. Propograted by seed (p. 26 La Corre 1985) Nectar: High Pollen: Low



Star apple | Star apple

Chrysophyllum cainito

303 CHRYSOPHYLLUM CAINITO FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG 304 CHRYSOPHYLLUM CAINITO FLOWER VIA WWW.PLANTCREATIONS.COM

Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes





Star clusters | Egyptian star cluster

Pentas lanceolata

305 PENTAS LANCEOLATA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 306 PENTAS LANCEOLATA BUSH VIA AUTHOR

Blooms year around. Requires sunny location, a righ, well-drained, well-watered soil. Propogated by seed or cuttings (p. 45 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: High Pollen: Low



Sticky cherry Arbre a raisins | Tiguilote, Florida trema

Trema micranthum

307 TREMA MICRANTHUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 308 TREMA MICRANTHUM FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Sugar cane | Sugar cane

Saccharum officinarum

309 SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM CUT CANE VIA WWW.SUGARINDUSTRYOFBELIZE.COM 310 SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM FIELD VIA EOL.ORG

Sap cut from cane as it bleeds for the first 3 days, is able to feed bees but excess does not produce honey as it is not a nectar source Nectar: Food source from sap of cut cane



Surette Pomme surrette, Jujube, Stink tree, Dunk, Apple dum | Ber, Indian jujube,

Dunks, Chinese jujube, Surette, Pomme Ziziphus maurtiana

311 ZIZIPHUS MAURTIANA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 312 ZIZIPHUS MAURTIANA FRUIT FRESH TO DRY (L TO R) VIA EOL.ORG

The frequently grown along roads, either planted or naturalized. (p. 102 Barlow 1993) Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per: Yes





Sweet orange | Sweet orange, Naval orange

Citrus sinensis

Blooms Jan to Dec. Tolerates any soil. Propagated by seeds or cutting. (p. 80 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: High Pollen: Good Pollinated by Honey bee & hives per:1-2/ha



Sweet potato | Sweet potato

Ipomoea batatas

313 IPOMOEA BATATAS FLOWER AND LEAVES VIA EOL.ORG 314 IPOMOEA BATATAS ROOTS VIA EOL.ORG






Sweet wood | Bustic cassada, White Bully

Sideroxylon salicifolium

315 SIDEROXYLON SALICIFOLIUM FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 316 SIDEROXYLON SALICIFOLIUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Lowland, dry vegetation, esp on hills. (p, 26 Hawthorn et al. 2004) Nectar: ?



Sweethear t | Florida beggarweed, Tick trefoil, Dixie Tricktrefoil, Beggarweed,

Dickie tick trefoil, Pega-pega Desmodium tortuosum

317 DESMODIUM TORTUOSUM VIA EOL.ORG 318 DESMODIUM TORTUOSUM SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Tallow plum | Yellow plum, Sea lemon, Hog plum

Ximenia americana

319 XIMENIA AMERICANA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 320 XIMENIA AMERICANA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Most likely pollinated by wind (National Research Council 2008) Very common along road side. Sometimes used as firebreaks. They are resistant to hurricanes and can withstand long dry periods. They do less well where the soil is always wet. (p. 98 Barlow)



Teak | Teak

Tectona grandis

321 TECTONA GRANDIS FLOWER DETAIL VIA EOL.ORG 322 TECTONA GRANDIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 323 TECTONA GRANDIS FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: ? Pollen: ?





Thyme | Common thyme, Thyme

Thymus vulgaris

324 THYMUS VULGARIS FLOWER WITH BEE VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: 3 Pollen: Good, major



Tobacco | Tobacco

Nicotiana tabacum

325 NICOTIANA TABACUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 326 NICOTIANA TABACUM PLANT VIA EOL.ORG






Tuberose |Tuberose

Polianthes tuberosa

327 POLIANTHES TUBEROSA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Low January February March April May June


Tulip tree Catalpa, Seaside mahoe | Annadine, Seaside mahoe, Portia tree

Thespesia populneoides

328 THESPESIA POPULNEOIDES FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 329 THESPESIA POPULNEOIDES SEEDS VIA EOL.ORG

The wood smells of roses when fresh, the heartwood is dark red often with purple veining. Often planted for erosion control near tropical coasts. (p. 100 Hathorne et all 2005) Nectar: ? Pollen: ?





Turpentine tree West Indian birch, Naked Indian, Gommier rouge, Tourist tree

|Gumbo limbo, Turpentine tree, West indian birch, Gommier rouge, Tourist tree Bursera simaruba

330 BURSEA SIMARUBA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 331 BURSEA SIMARUBA FRUIT VIA EOL.ORG

Is a medium-sized tree of both the very dry and the moist forests, it is sometimes seen quite near the beach and can withstand some salt spray. It is most common on dry, rocky, limestone hills. Tiny flowers grow in clusters at ends of branches (p.64 Barlet) Nectar: Yes Propolis: Lipo



Ven-Ven Vervain | Blue porterweed, Spikeweed

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

332 STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 333 STACHYTARPHETA JAMAICENSIS PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes





Wandering Jew Cockroach grass | Wandering Jew Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina

334 TRADESCANTIA ZEBRINA VAR. ZEBRINA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 335 TRADESCANTIA ZEBRINA VAR. ZEBRINA PLANT VIA EOL.ORG

Pollen: Yes



West Indian Mimosa Shack-shack, Wild tamarind, Wild Mimosa, Monval,

Tamrin batard, Macata, Macata-Bourse | Leucaena, Wild tamarind, Macata, White Leadtree Leucaena leucocephala

336 LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA FLOWERS VIA AUTHOR

It has a deep central taproot which helps in dry spells. The fluffy white balls are made up many tiny flowers. (p. 94 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes





White cedar White poui | White cedar, West Indies cedar, Pink Trumpet tree

Tabebuia heterophylla

337 TABEBUIA HETEROPHYLLA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 338 TABEBUIA HETEROPHYLLA SEED POD VIA EOL.ORG

Showy, fragrant tubular pink flowers, early spring and smaller #'s throughout the year. (p. 19 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes



White mangrove | White mangrove

Laguncularia racemosa

339 LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 340 LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA SEEDS VIA AUTHOR 341LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA SEEDLING VIA AUTHOR

White mangroves typically grow on the mud that black and red mangroves have consolidated. They are less tolerant of endless soaking in salt water. (p. 49 Barlow 1993) Nectar: Yes





Wild Tobacco | Hollowheart

Acnistus arborescens

342 ACNISTUS ARBORESCENS FLOWERS VIA EOL.ORG 343 ACNISTUS ARBORESCENS FLOWERS AND BERRIES VIA EOL.ORG

Nectar: Yes



Wireweed Sweet broom | Wireweed, Tea weed, Broomweed, Souther sida,

Horn bean leave sida Sida acuta

344 SIDA ACUTA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 345 SIDA ACUTA PLANT

Productive in wetlands Nectar: Yes





Yellow (shade) Cassia Kas | Yellow cassia, Siamese cassia, Kassod tree

Senna siamea

346 SENNA SIAMEA FLOWER VIA PAUL SHEPPARD 347 SENNA SIAMEA SEED PODS VIA EOL.ORG



Yellow Ader | Buttercup plant, West Indian holly, Yellow alder, Elm leaved

turnera Turnera angustifolia

348 TURNERA ANGUSTIFOLIA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Jan to Dec, tolerates a dry climate, sea spray and poor soil. Propagated by seeds or cuttings (p. 44 La Corre 1985) Do not confuse with Politician's flower (Hawthorn 2004) Nectar: Yes Pollen: Yes





Yellow Flamboyante Tamarin, Tamarinier, Tamarin bord-de-mer, Tanmawen |

Tamarind, Tamarin Bord-de-mer, Tanmanwen Tamarindus indica

349 TAMARINDUS INDICA FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG 350 TAMARINDUS INDICA SEEDPOD VIA EOL.ORG

Most likely pollinated by wind (National Research Council 2008) Very common along road side. Sometimes used as firebreaks. They are resistant to hurricanes and can withstand long dry periods. They do less well where the soil is always wet. (p. 98 Barlow 1 Nectar: Low Pollen: Major



Yellow silk shell seed | Buttercup tree, Silk cottontree, Bototo

Cochlospermum vitifolium

351 COCHLOSPERMUM VITIFOLIUM FLOWER VIA EOL.ORG

Blooms Feb to April. Requires a well-drained soil and a sunny location, well sheltered from strong windes because of it's brittle branches. Propagated by seeds or cuttings. (p. 61 Le Corre 1985) Nectar: Yes





Zuti Common Nettle, Stinging Nettle |

Urtica dioica

Not a nectar, pollen or propolis plant but good to use in smoker to calm bees.

Typically grows in areas around bananas, where is also a good place to keep bees.



TABLE 1: GRENADA NECTAR SOURCES BY COMMON NAME

Sorted by Grenada common name Latin Synonym Grenada

Common Name

US/Euro Common Name

Nectar Propalis Pollen

Tecoma capensis

"Honeysuckle" Caoe Trumpet flower

Cape Honeysuckle

x

Tamarindus indica

"Yellow Falmboyante", Tamarin, tamarinier, Tamarin bord-de-mer, Tanmawen

Tamarind, Tamarin Bord-de-mer, Tanmanwen

Low major

Cedrela odorata Cedrela adenophylla

Acajou-bois, cigar-box cedar

Cigar box wood, Barbados cedar, Cedar, Mexican cedar, Red cedar, Spanish cedar, Zwamp cedar, West Indian Cedar

Yes

Blighia sapida Cupania sapida Akee Akee Yes

Pimenta dioica Allspice, Pimento

Allspice

Terminalia catappa

Almond, Indian almond, Seaside almond

Tropical Almond, Indian almond

Unknown

?

Bixa orellana Orellana americana var. leiocarpa

Anatto, Rourou, Roucouyer, Rucu, Coucu, Woucou, Lipstick tree

Annatto, Roucou, Roucoyer, Rucu, Woucou, Achiote, Lipstick plant, Roucou, Urucum

not annual

Brugmansia suaveolens

Datura suaveolens

Angel's trumpet

White Angel Trumpet, Angel's Trumpet tree, Angel's tears

Good 1



Latin Synonym Grenada Common Name

US/Euro Common Name


Persea americana

Persea gratissima

Avacaco, Pear, Zaboca, Zabocaud

Avocado, Pear, Butter fruit

High x 24.4, high

Dypsis lutescens

Chrysalidocarpus lutescens

Bamboo palm Golden Cane Palm, Golden Butterfly Palm, Madagacar palm, Yellow butterfly palm

Yes

Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis

Barbadoes Aloes

Aloe, West Indian Aloe, Babosa, Burn plant, Coastal Aloe

<10%

Guazuma ulmifolia

Guazuma guazuma

Bastard Cedar, Bois L'Orme, Hetre orme

Pigeon wood, Bastard cedar, Mutamba, West Indian elm

Yes

Ipomoea pescaprae

Beach Morning Glory

Railroad vine, Beach morning glory

Yes x

Begonia Begoniae Purple begonia, Begonias

Unknown

?

Terminalia bellerica

Berlliric myrobalan

Behda, Belleric myrobalan, Beach Almond, Bedda nut tree

minor

Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata

Vigna sinensis Black eye pea Cowpea

Avicennia germinans

Avicennia nitida Black Mangrove

Black mangrove

Yes minor

Lantana camara Black Sage, Wild sage, Yellow sage, Mille Fleurs, Sauge, Ramgoat Bush, Bwa wa tout, Pis-a-bed, Jiwof fle, Bwise, Lantana, Red sage

Lantana, Yellow sage, Wild sage, Bwa wa tout, Pis-a-bed, Jiwof fle, Bwise, West Indian Lantana

Yes




US/Euro Common Name


Lablab purpureus

Dolichos lablab Bonavist bean, Bonavist

Hyacinth Bean, Antaque, Banner bean, Carmelita, Lablab bean

Low 1

Lagenaria siceraria

Cucurbita lagenaria

Bottle gourd Hue, Bottle Gourd, Calabash, White flower gourd

Artocarpus heterophyllus

Artocarpus integrifolius

Bread nut, Jackfruit

Jack fruit latex

Artocarpus altilis

Artocarpus communis

Breadfruit, Breadnut

Bread fruit latex

Acacia nilotica Briar, Piquant, Jacques-á-chat,

Cassie, Babul

Egyptian Thorn, Scented-pod acacia, Gum Arabic tree

Asclepias curassavica

Asclepias nivea var. curassavica

Butterfly flower, Wild ipecacuanha

Tropical Milkweed, Blood Flower, Red head plant, Scarlet milkweed, Silkweed, Wild Ipecacuanha

Good 2

Hedychium coronarium

Amomum filiforme

Butterfly lily Camia, White Garland-lily, Butterfly ginger, Garland flower, Ginger lily

Conocarpus erectus

Button Mangrove, Grey mangrove

Buttonwood, Caribbean mangrove, Button Mangrove, Silver-leaved Buttonwood

Brassica Cabbage, kale, turnip, pak choy, pork chives

Mustard, Cabbage

Inga edulis Inga vera sensu Cacolay, Pois doux

Pois doux, Ice cream bean

Yes




US/Euro Common Name


Haematoxylum campechianum

Haematoxylon campechianum

Campheche, Campeachy wood, Kampech, Champish, Bloodwood tree

Logwood, Campseche, Kampech, Bloodwood tree

not good

Senna multijuga Caneficer batard

False Sicklepod Yes

Averrhoa carambola

Averrhoa acutangula

Carambola, Star fruit, Five finger

Carambola, Five fingers, Star fruit

Major, high

none

Elettaria cardamomum

Amomum cardamomum

Cardamon Cardamom

Anacardium occidentale

Anacardium curatellifolium

Cashew Cashew nut Yes minor

Acacia farnesiana

Cassie-Flowers, Sweet cassia

Sweet acacia Yes major

Ricinus communis

Castor, Carapate, Ricin, Gwen makwisti, Pye gwen, Palma Christi

Caster bean, Castor Oil Plant, Ricin

Low 2

Agave caribaeicola

Agave grenadina Century Plant Century plant

Eugenia uniflora Eugenia micheli Cerises a cotes, Suninam cherry

Surinam Cherry, Brazil cherry, Pitanga

Yes major

Gouania lupuloides

Banisteria lupuloides

Chew Stick Bejuco de indio, Indian vine, Chewstick

minor

Capsicum annuum

Capsicum annuum var. conoide

Chilli, Red chilli, Sweet Chilli, Paprika

Bell pepper, Green pepper, Sweet pepper, Chili pepper

minor

Chromolaena odorata

Eupatorium odoratum

Christmas bush

Jack In The Bush, Bitter Bush, Christmas flower, Christmas bush, Common floss flower, Siamweed,

Yes not good



White snake root


US/Euro Common Name


Sechium edule Christophene, Cho-Cho

Chayote, Chistophfine, cho-cho

High

Citrus medica Aurantium medicum

Citron Citron, Buddha's hand

Yes minor

Syzygium aromaticum

Eugenia caryophyllata, Eugenia aromatica

Clove Clovetree, Clove

Yes minor

Celosia cristata Celosia argentea var. cristata

Cockscomb Crested Cockscomb, Cock's comb, Cultivated cockscomb

Good 2

Celtis iguanaea Celtis brasiliensis, Momisia iguanaea

Cockspur Iguana hackberry, Cock spur

Yes

Cocos nucifera Coconut Coconut Yes x major

Casearia decandra

Anavinga parvifolia

Coco-ravet, Jumbie apple

Wild honeytree Yes

Coffea arabica Coffee Coffee Yes minor

Antigonon leptotus

Corculum leptopum

Corallita, Coral vine, La belle Mexicane, Bride's tears, Cemetary vine

Coral creeper, coralita Miss Rebecca, Chain of love, Confederate vine,

Yes major

Zea mays Corn, Maize Corn Low 4, 14.63

Gossypium barbadense

Gossypium barbadense var. acuminatum

Cotonnier, Coton, Cottonie, Coton pays, Sea island cotton

Long-staple cotton, Sea-island cotton

Higher than upland cotton

minor

Gossypium Cotton Cotton

Urena lobata Cousin Mahoe (Aramina fibre)

Caesar bur, Caesar's weed, Cockle-bur

Yes

Casearia sylvestris

Anavinga samyda

Crackopen Crackopen Yes

Lagerstroemia indica

Lagerstroemia chinensis,

Crepe flower, Queen's crepe

Crape myrtle Good 3



Lagerstroema speciosa

myrtle


US/Euro Common Name


Phyllanthus acidus

Damsel, Damson

Otaheite Gooseberry, Gooseberry

Yes


Libidibia coriaria Divi-Divi Divi divi, American sumac, Cascolate

minor

Solanum melongena

Eggplant, Aubergine

Eggplant, Aubergine

Cuphea hyssopifolia

False heather Mexican heather, Elfin herb, False heather

Low high

Chrysobalanus icaco

Chrysobalanus icaco var. pellocarpus

Fat pork, Coco plum, cacos

Coco plum, Hog plum

Yes

Citharexylum spinosum

Citharexylum fruticosum

Fiddlewood, Cutlette, Pendula, Cutlet, Bois cocklet, Kiklet, Figbush, Fairy tree, Bois carre

Cutlet, Fiddlewood, Flordia fiddlewood, Bois fidele, Pendula, Bois cocklet, Koklet, Figbush, Fairy tree, Bois carre

Unknown

Delonix regia Poinciana regia Flamboyante, Poinciana, Flame Tree

Royal ponciana, Flamboyant, Flametree, Gold mohar

not annual

Pyrostegia venusta

Pyrostegia ignea Flame vine Golden shower, Flame vine

Yes

Melaleuca linariifolia

Flax leaf, Paperback

Flax-leaved paperbark, Cajeput Tree

Low high

Mirabilis jalapa Four o'clock Four O'Clock Plant, Marvel-of-peru, Beauty of the night

Low 1

Plumeria rubra Frangipani Frangipani, Red Frangipani, Nosegay, Pagoda Tree, Temple tree

latex

Cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa var. indica

Ganjah, Hemp Hemp None 3




US/Euro Common Name


Tecoma stans Stenolobium stans

Ginger thomas, Christmas Hope, Yellow Cedar, Yellow Elder, Coribee, Bois Caraibe, Bois pissenlit, Bois fleur jaunes, Flambeaux

Yellow elder, Yellow Trumpet flowers

Yes

Gliricidia sepium

Gliricidia, Quick stick

Mother of cocoa, Gliricidia, Quick stick

Yes not good

Spondias dulcis Spondias cytherea

Golden apple, Pomecythere, June plum, Yellow plum, Golden apple, Otaheite plum

Golden apple Unknown

Cassia fistula Golden Shower

Golden shower, Purging cassia

Flacourtia ramontchii

Flacourtia indica Governor plum

Ramontchi, Governor's plum, Batokoa palm

Yes

Cicer arietinum Ononis crotalarioides

Gram Chick pea, Garbanzo bean

minor

Vitis Grape Grape Yes x

Citrus x paradisi Grapefruit Grapefruit Yes minor

Dacryodes edulis

Grommier blanc, Mountin gommier, Bois gommier, Gommier a canots

Butter fruit, Safou, Bush mango, African pear, African plum, Bush butter, Eben tree, Native Pear

Yes

Acrocomia aculeata

Grugru Grou grou palm, yellow coconut, Coyol Palm

Yes x

Psidium guayava

Guava Guava High x major, high

Cordia obliqua Gum, Clammy cherry

Clammy cherry Unknown

?




US/Euro Common Name


Hibiscus rosa sinensis

Hibiscus, Chinese hibiscus

Shoe-flower, Chinese hibiscus, Shoeblackplant, Chinese roose, Double rose hibiscus, Rose of china

Minor mucilage

Spondias mombin

Spondias lutea Hog plum, mombain

Java plum, Hog plum

Yes minor

Lonicera japonica

Honeysuckle Honeysuckle, Chinese honeysuckle, Hall's honeysuckle, Japanese honeysuckle

Good 2

Cassia grandis Bactyrilobium grande

Horse cassia Capote, Pink shower, Stinking toe

Yes

Moringa oleifera

Horse radish tree (oil of ben), moonga

Moringa, horseradish tree, Drumstick tree, Ben oil tree,

Yes major

Syzygium cumini

Jack plum, Jamun, Jamon

Jambolan, java plum

Yes major

Parkinsonia aculeata

Jerusalem thorn

Jerusalem thorn, Horsebean, Mexican Palo Verde, Acacia, Barbados flowerfence, Espinillo, Retaima

not attractive

minor

Caesalpinia bonduc

Guilandina crista Kannik, Horse Nicker, Gray nickerbean, Warri, Canique grise, Grey nicker, Bahama braziletto, Konik, Gwu sak borik, Gwenzye

Nicker nut, Gray nickernbean, Bonduc, Divi-divi

x minor



bonwikt, z'yuex a chatte, kach kach, Donkey eye


US/Euro Common Name


Cola acuminata Sterculia acuminata

Kola nut Kola nut, Abata Cola

Petiveria alliacea

Kudjoe root, Garlic root, Gully root, Conga root, Da

Gully root, Guinea Henweed

Unknown

Andira inermis Andira jamaicensis

L'angelin, Jamaican cabbage tree

Angelin, Cabbagebark tree, Batseed, Jumbie Bead, Palo De Burro, West Indian Walnut

Yes

Cymbopogon nardus

Andropogon nardus

Lemon grass Lemon grass, Citronella grass

Gouania polygama

Gouania sepiaria Liane-savon Rattan, Liane Savon

minor

Guaiacum officinale

Lignum vitae, Tree of Life

Lignum vitae, Guaiac tree

Unknown

Citrus aurantiifolia

Citrus lima Lime Lime, Key lime, Citron, Mexican lime, West Indian lime

Minor from fruit

minor

Ipomoea nil Convolvulus hederaceu

Liseron bleu Campanita, Ivy-leaved Morning Glory, Japanese morning glory, Pharbitis seeds, Red Star Glory,

Litchi chinensis Litchi Lychee Major minor

Hymenaea courbaril

Hymenaea courbaril

Locus, Stinking toe

Locust, Stinkingtoe

resin

Luffa aegyptiaca Luffa cylindrica Loofah Sponge gourd, Climbing okra, Dishcloth gourd, Loofa

Yes

Thevetia peruviana

Thevitia nerifolia Lucky nut, Yellow oleander

Lucky nut, Yellow Oleander

Yes

Stephanotis floribunda

Madagascar jasmine

Madagascar Jasmine

Low 1




US/Euro Common Name


Pithecellobium dulce

Madras thorn Madras thorn, Manila tamarind, Black beard, Monkey pod

minor

Swietenia mahagoni

Mahogany Barbados Mahogny, West indian mahogany, Small-leaved Mahogany

Unknown

?

Syzygium aqueum

Eugenia malaccensis, Eugenia aquea

Malay apple Mountain apple, Watery Rose Apple

Canavalia ensiformis

Canavalia ensiformis var.

Maljoe (grudge pea), Jamaican Horse bean, Sword bean

Jack bean, Horse bean, Garde place, Wonder bean,

Hippomane mancinella

Hippomane dioica

Manchineel, Poison apple

Manchineel Yes

Mangifera indica

Mango Mango Yes resin major

Colubrina arborescens

Colubrina ferruginosa, Colubrina colubrina

Maube bark, soap bush

Snakebark, Soaptree, Greenheart

Minor

Prosopis juliflora

Mesquite River algarrobo, alaroba, mesquite, Ironwood,

major

Waltheria indica

Monkey bush, Velvet leaf

`uhaloa, Sleepy morning

Tradescantia spathacea

Rhoeo spathacea, Rhoeo discolor

Moses-in-the-cradle

Oyster plant, Moses-in-a-boat, Three Men In A Boat, Boat lily

major

Albizia lebbeck Mimosa lebbeck Mother-in-law's tongue, Ladies tounge, Langua-a-via-femme, Siris

Lebbeck, East Indian walnut, Women's tongue, Mother-in-law's tongue, Ladies tongue, Shack-shack,

scarce



langua-a-via-femme, siris


US/Euro Common Name


Euterpe broadwayi

Euterpe dominicana, Euterpe hagleyi

Mountain cabbage

Mountain Cabbage

high

Abelmoschus esculentus

Hibiscus esculentus

Musk Ochra Okra, Gumbo, Lady's fingers, Quiabo

Low 1

Azadirachta indica

Antelaea azadirachta

Nim, Neem Neem, Indian lilac, Margosa Tree, Yepa

minor

Morinda citrifolia

Noni, Pain killer tree (Guyana), Monkey dumpling (Barbados)

Noni, Dog dumpling, Awl Tree, Great morinda, Indian mulberry, Pain killer, Yaw weed

Unknown

?

Myristica fragans

Nutmeg Nutmeg

Prestoea acuminata var. montana

Prestoea montana

Palmiste chou, Mountain palm

Mountain cabbage, palmiste chou, Sierran Palm

x

Carica papaya Papaya carica Pawpaw Papaya, Mamon, Melon tree, Paw paw,

Minor minor

Petrea volubilis Petrea subserrata

Petrea, Lilac, Sandpaper vine

Queen's wreath, Sandpaper vine

Yes minor

Jatropha curcas Curcas curcas Physic nut, Bellyache bush, Coral plant

Physic nut, Jatropha, Barbados nut,

Yes

Duranta erecta Duranta repens Pigeon berry Gold dew drop, Golden dew drop, Forget me not tree, Pigeon berry, Skyflower

Yes

Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea Pigeon pea, Tropical green pea, Congo pea, Gungo pea, Red gram,

Minor

Tabebuia rosea Tabebuia pentaphylla

Pink Poui Pink Trumpet Tree, Pink poui

Gathered from



ground flowers


US/Euro Common Name


Musa paradisiaca

Plaintain Plantain


Poinsettia pulcherrima

Poinsettia Poinsettia, Christmas flower

Yes

Inga laurine Inga fagifolia Pois Doux Guamá, Sacky sac bean, Poix doux

major

Punica granatum

Pomegranate Pomegranate x

Syzygium malaccense

Eugenia malaccensis

Pomme Malac, Pomerac, Frensh cashew

Malay apple, Malaysian apple, Ohia, Pomerac

Syzygium jambos

Eugenia jambos, Jambosa jambos

Pomme rose, Malabar plum

Rose apple, Jambos, Malabar plum

minor

Podranea ricasoliana

Port St. John creeper

Zimbabwe Creeper, Pandora vine, Pink trumpet tree

Yes

Opuntia stricta var. dillenii

Opuntia dillenii Prickly pear, Dildo

Prickly Pear, Sweet Prickly-pear

Argemone mexicana

Argemone leiocarpa

Prickly poppy Mexian poppy, Mexican prickly poppy, Prickly Poppy

Minor x

Melia azedarach

Pride of India Chinaberry, White cedar, Chinaberry tree, Indian lilac, Persian lilac, Tree of Heaven

Low low

Tibouchina semidecandra

Princess flower

Glory Bush, Purple Glory Tree

Good 2

Cissus verticillata

Cissus sicyoides Pudding bush, Snake vine

Water liana, Seasonvine, Snake bitters, Snake vine

Yes




US/Euro Common Name


Cryptostegia grandiflora

Nerium grandiflorum

Purple Allamanda, Rubber vine, Pen plant

Rubbervine, Indian rubbervine, Palay rubbervine, Purple alamanda,

Yes

Alternanthera ficoidea

Alternanthera polygonoides, Alternanthera bettzickiana

Rabbit meat Slender joyweed, Island Joyweed

Yes

Ixora coccinea Ixora coccinea var. intermedia

Red Ixora, Jungle flame

Jungle Flame, Ixora, Scarlet Jungleflame, Flame of the woods, Jungle geranium, Needle flower, Sacred ixora

Yes

Rhizophora mangle

Red mangrove Red mangrove

Albizia saman Samanea saman, Pithecellobium saman

Samann, Raintree, Massav, Cocoas tamarind, Arbre a la pluie, Cow tambran

Saman tree, Raintree, Massav, Cocos tamarind, Arbre a la pluie

Dracaena fragrans

Aletris fragrans, Sansevieria fragrans

Sand dragon Fragrant dracaena, Forest dracaena

Yes

Lippia alba Santa maria, Barbados Sage

Bushy lippia, Bushy matgrass

Yes

Manilkara zapota

Calocarpum mammosum, Achras sapota

Sapodilla, Naseberry

Sapote, Sapodilla,

Major

Kigelia pinnata Kigelia africana Sausage tree Sausage tree

Cordia sebestena

Sebesten sebestena

Scarlet Cordia, Geiger tree

Geiger Tree, Largeleaf geigertree, Anacahuita, Broadleaf

Yes minor




US/Euro Common Name


Coccoloba uvifera

Polygonum uvifera

Seaside grapes

Sea grape, Shore grape, Seaside grape

Yes

Citrus maxima Citrus grandis Shaddock, Forbidden Fruit

Pomelo, Citron, Shaddock

Yes x

Combretum latifolium

Combretum fruticosum, Combretum platyphyllum

Showy combretum

Chapamiel Yes

Ceiba pentandra

Bombax pentandrum

Silk cotton tree, Kapok

Silk-cotton tree, Devil's tree, Fromager, Mapou, Kapokier, Pin tree, Fonmaje

Yes Major

Agave Sisal Century plant x

Melicoccus bijugatus

Melicoccus bijuga

Skin-up, Genip Mamoncillo, Spanish lime, Ackee, Genip, skinup

Yes

Malvaviscus arboreus

Malvaviscus graniflorus, Achania malvaviscus

Sleeping Hibiscus

Turkscap, Sleeping Hibiscus, Wax Mallow

Yes

Pedilanthus tithymaloides

Slipper plant Slipper flower, Bird Cactus, Redbird flower

Minor

Melothria pendula

Small wild cucumber

Melonette, Wild cucumber, Creeping Cucumber Drooping melonnette, Gaudeloupe cucumber

Minor

Sapindus saponaria

Soapberry Soapberry, Wingleaf soapberry, Western soapberry

Yes

Sorghum bicolor

Sorghum, millet, Guinea grain

Sorghum

Hibiscus sabdariffa

Hibiscus cruentus

Sorrell, Red sorrell

Sorrel, Roselle Unknown

?




US/Euro Common Name


Citrus aurantium

Sour Orange, Seville

Seville orange, Gospo, Sour orange, Bitter Orange

minor

Tarenaya spinosa

Cleome spinosa Spider flower Spider flower, Spiny spiderflower,

High 1

Chrysophyllum cainito

Chrysophyllum bicolor

Star apple Star apple

Pentas lanceolata 'Butterfly Deep Pink'

Star clusters Egyptian star cluster

High 1

Trema micranthum

Cordia alba, Cordia dentata, Trema micranthum, Calyptracordia alba

Sticky cherry, Arbre a raisins

Tiguilote, Florida trema

Saccharum officinarum

Sugar cane Sugar cane Yes minor

Ziziphus maurtiania

Ziziphus jujua Surette, Pomme surrette, Jujube, Stink tree, Dunk, Apple dum

Ber, Indian jujube, Dunks, Chinese jujube, surette, pomme

minor

Citrus sinensis Citrus aurantium var. sinensis

Sweet Orange Sweet orange, Naval orange

High 2

Ipomoea batatas

Sweet potato Sweet potato

Sideroxylon salicifolium

Dipholis salicfolia

Sweet wood Bustic Cassada, White Bully

Unknown

Desmodium tortuosum

Desmodium annuum

Sweetheart Florida beggarweed, Tick trefoil, Dixie Tricktrefoil, Beggarweed, Dickie tick trefoil, Pega-pega

Yes x

Ximenia americana

Tallow plum Yellow plum, Sea lemon, Hog plum

Tectona grandis Teak Teak Unknown

?




US/Euro Common Name


Thymus vulgaris Thyme Common thyme, Thyme

High 2, major

Nicotiana tabacum

Tobacco Tobacco major

Prunus caudata Trema micrantha

Trema micrantha

Jamican nettletree

Yes

Polianthes tuberosa

Polianthes gracilis

Tuberrose Tuberose Low 1

Thespesia populnea

Tulip tree, Catalpa, Seaside mahoe

Annadine, Seaside mahoe, Portia tree

Unknown

?

Bursea simaruba

Elaphrium simaruba

Turpernetine tree, West Indian birch, Naked Indian, Gommier rouge, Tourist tree

Gumbo limbo, Turpentine tree, West indian birch, Gommier rouge,Tourist tree

Yes lipo

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis

Valerianoides jamaicensis

Ven-Ven, Vervain

Blue porterweed, spikeweed

Yes

Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina

Zebrina pendula Wandering jew, Cockroach grass

Wandering Jew x

Leucaena leucocephala

Leucaena glauca , Mimosa leucocephala

West Indian Mimosa, Shack-shack, Wild tamarind, wild mimosa, Monval, Tamrin batard, Macata, Macata-Bourse

Leucaena, Wild tamarind, Macata, White leadtree

Yes x

Tabebuia heterophylla

White cedar, White poui

White cedar, West Indies cedar, Pink Trumpet tree

Yes

Laguncularia racemosa

Conocarpus racemosa

White mangrove

White mangrove

Yes


Wild Tobacco Hollowheart Yes




US/Euro Common Name


Sida acuta Wireweed, sweet broom

Wireweed, Tea weed, Broomweed, Souther sida, Horn bean leave sida

Yes x

Senna siamea Cassia siamea Yellow (shade) Cassia, Kas

Yellow cassia, Siamese cassia, Kassod tree

Turnera ulmifolia

Yellow Ader Buttercup plant, West Indian holly, Yellow alder, Elm leaved turnera

Yes x

Cochlospermum vitifolium

Bombax vitifolium

Yellow silk shell seed

Buttercup tree, Silk cottontree, Bototo

Yes minor



TABLE 2: GRENADA NECTAR SOURCES BY NECTAR VALUE

Latin Synonym Grenada Common name

Other Common Name


Persea

americana

Persea gratissima Avacaco, Pear,

Zaboca, Zabocaud

Avocado, Pear,

Butter fruit High x

24.4,

high

Averrhoa

carambola

Averrhoa

acutangula

Carambola, Star

fruit, Five finger

Carambola, Five

fingers, Star fruit

Major,

high none

Sechium edule Christophene, Cho-

Cho

Chayote,

Chistophfine, cho-

cho

High

Gossypium

barbadense

Gossypium

barbadense var.

acuminatum

Cotonnier, Coton,

Cottonie, Coton

pays, Sea island

cotton

Long-staple cotton,

Sea-island cotton

Higher

than

upland

cotton

minor

Psidium guayava Guava Guava High x

major,

high

Litchi chinensis Litchi Lychee Major

minor

Manilkara

zapota

Calocarpum

mammosum,

Achras sapota

Sapodilla, Naseberry Sapote, Sapodilla,

Major

Tarenaya

spinosa

Cleome spinosa Spider flower Spider flower, Spiny

spiderflower, High

1

Pentas

lanceolata

'Butterfly Deep

Pink'

Star clusters Egyptian star

cluster High

1

Citrus sinensis Citrus aurantium

var. sinensis

Sweet Orange Sweet orange,

Naval orange High

2

Thymus vulgaris Thyme Common thyme,

Thyme High

2,

major

Brugmansia

suaveolens

Datura suaveolens Angel's trumpet White Angel

Trumpet, Angel's

Trumpet tree,

Angel's tears

Good

1



Latin Synonym Grenada Common

name

Other Common

Name Nectar Propalis Pollen

Asclepias

curassavica

Asclepias nivea

var. curassavica

Butterfly flower,

Wild ipecacuanha

Tropical Milkweed,

Blood Flower, Red

head plant, Scarlet

milkweed,

Silkweed, Wild

Ipecacuanha

Good

2

Lagerstroemia

indica

Lagerstroemia

chinensis,

Lagerstroema

speciosa

Crepe flower,

Queen's crepe

myrtle

Crape myrtle

Good

3

Lonicera

japonica

Honeysuckle Honeysuckle,

Chinese

honeysuckle, Hall's

honeysuckle,

Japanese

honeysuckle

Good

2

Tibouchina

semidecandra

Princess flower Glory Bush, Purple

Glory Tree Good

2

Tamarindus

indica

"Yellow

Falmboyante",

Tamarin, tamarinier,

Tamarin bord-de-

mer, Tanmawen

Tamarind, Tamarin

Bord-de-mer,

Tanmanwen Low

major

Cedrela odorata

Cedrela adenophylla

Acajou-bois, cigar-box cedar

Cigar box wood, Barbados cedar, Cedar, Mexican cedar, Red cedar, Spanish cedar, Zwamp cedar, West Indian Cedar

Yes

Blighia sapida Cupania sapida Akee Akee Yes

Bixa orellana Orellana

americana var.

leiocarpa

Anatto, Rourou,

Roucouyer, Rucu,

Coucu, Woucou,

Lipstick tree

Annatto, Roucou,

Roucoyer, Rucu,

Woucou, Achiote,

Lipstick plant,

Roucou, Urucum

not

annual




name

Other Common


Dypsis lutescens

Chrysalidocarpus

lutescens

Bamboo palm Golden Cane Palm,

Golden Butterfly

Palm, Madagacar

palm, Yellow

butterfly palm

Yes

Aloe vera Aloe barbadensis Barbadoes Aloes Aloe, West Indian

Aloe, Babosa, Burn

plant, Coastal Aloe

<10%

Guazuma

ulmifolia

Guazuma

guazuma

Bastard Cedar, Bois

L'Orme, Hetre orme

Pigeon wood,

Bastard cedar,

Mutamba, West

Indian elm

Yes

Ipomoea

pescaprae

Beach Morning

Glory

Railroad vine,

Beach morning

glory

Yes

x

Avicennia germinans

Avicennia nitida Black Mangrove Black mangrove Yes minor

Lantana camara Black Sage, Wild

sage, Yellow sage,

Mille Fleurs, Sauge,

Ramgoat Bush, Bwa

wa tout, Pis-a-bed,

Jiwof fle, Bwise,

Lantana, Red sage

Lantana, Yellow

sage, Wild sage,

Bwa wa tout, Pis-a-

bed, Jiwof fle,

Bwise, West Indian

Lantana

Yes

Lablab

purpureus

Dolichos lablab Bonavist bean,

Bonavist

Hyacinth Bean,

Antaque, Banner

bean, Carmelita,

Lablab bean

Low

1

Inga edulis Inga vera sensu Cacolay, Pois doux Pois doux, Ice

cream bean Yes

Senna multijuga Caneficer batard False Sicklepod Yes

Anacardium

occidentale

Anacardium

curatellifolium

Cashew Cashew nut Yes

minor

Acacia

farnesiana

Cassie-Flowers,

Sweet cassia

Sweet acacia Yes

major




name

Other Common


Ricinus

communis

Castor, Carapate,

Ricin, Gwen

makwisti, Pye gwen,

Palma Christi

Caster bean, Castor

Oil Plant, Ricin Low

2

Eugenia uniflora Eugenia micheli Cerises a cotes,

Suninam cherry

Surinam Cherry,

Brazil cherry,

Pitanga

Yes

major

Chromolaena

odorata

Eupatorium

odoratum

Christmas bush Jack In The Bush,

Bitter Bush,

Christmas flower,

Christmas bush,

Common floss

flower, Siamweed,

White snake root

Yes

not

good

Citrus medica Aurantium

medicum

Citron Citron, Buddha's

hand Yes

minor

Syzygium aromaticum

Eugenia caryophyllata, Eugenia aromatica

Clove Clovetree, Clove

Yes minor

Celtis iguanaea Celtis brasiliensis,

Momisia iguanaea

Cockspur Iguana hackberry,

Cock spur Yes

Cocos nucifera Coconut Coconut Yes x major

Casearia

decandra

Anavinga

parvifolia

Coco-ravet, Jumbie

apple

Wild honeytree Yes

Coffea arabica Coffee Coffee Yes

minor

Antigonon

leptotus

Corculum

leptopum

Corallita, Coral vine,

La belle Mexicane,

Bride's tears,

Cemetary vine

Coral creeper,

coralita Miss

Rebecca, Chain of

love, Confederate

vine,

Yes

major

Zea mays Corn, Maize Corn

Low

4,

14.63




name

Other Common


Urena lobata Cousin Mahoe

(Aramina fibre)

Caesar bur,

Caesar's weed,

Cockle-bur

Yes

Casearia

sylvestris Anavinga samyda Crackopen

Crackopen Yes

Phyllanthus

acidus

Damsel, Damson Otaheite

Gooseberry,

Gooseberry

Yes

Cuphea

hyssopifolia

False heather Mexican heather,

Elfin herb, False

heather

Low

high

Chrysobalanus

icaco

Chrysobalanus

icaco var.

pellocarpus

Fat pork, Coco plum,

cacos

Coco plum, Hog

plum Yes

Pyrostegia venusta

Pyrostegia ignea Flame vine Golden shower, Flame vine

Yes

Melaleuca

linariifolia

Flax leaf, Paperback Flax-leaved

paperbark, Cajeput

Tree

Low

high

Mirabilis jalapa Four o'clock Four O'Clock Plant,

Marvel-of-peru,

Beauty of the night

Low

1

Tecoma stans Stenolobium stans Ginger thomas,

Christmas Hope,

Yellow Cedar,

Yellow Elder,

Coribee, Bois

Caraibe, Bois

pissenlit, Bois fleur

jaunes, Flambeaux

Yellow elder,

Yellow Trumpet

flowers

Yes

Gliricidia sepium Gliricidia, Quick stick Mother of cocoa,

Gliricidia, Quick

stick

Yes

not

good

Flacourtia

ramontchii

Flacourtia indica Governor plum Ramontchi,

Governor's plum,

Batokoa palm

Yes




name

Other Common


Vitis Grape Grape Yes

x

Citrus x paradisi Grapefruit Grapefruit Yes

minor

Dacryodes edulis Grommier blanc,

Mountin gommier,

Bois gommier,

Gommier a canots

Butter fruit, Safou,

Bush mango,

African pear,

African plum, Bush

butter, Eben tree,

Native Pear

Yes

Acrocomia

aculeata

Grugru Grou grou palm,

yellow coconut,

Coyol Palm

Yes

x

Hibiscus rosa sinensis

Hibiscus, Chinese hibiscus

Shoe-flower, Chinese hibiscus, Shoeblackplant, Chinese roose, Double rose hibiscus, Rose of china

Minor mucilage

Spondias

mombin

Spondias lutea Hog plum, mombain Java plum, Hog

plum Yes

minor

Cassia grandis Bactyrilobium

grande

Horse cassia Capote, Pink

shower, Stinking

toe

Yes

Moringa oleifera Horse radish tree

(oil of ben), moonga

Moringa,

horseradish tree,

Drumstick tree, Ben

oil tree,

Yes

major

Syzygium cumini Jack plum, Jamun,

Jamon

Jambolan, java

plum Yes

major

Andira inermis Andira

jamaicensis

L'angelin, Jamaican

cabbage tree

Angelin,

Cabbagebark tree,

Batseed, Jumbie

Bead, Palo De

Burro, West Indian

Walnut

Yes




name

Other Common


Citrus

aurantiifolia

Citrus lima Lime Lime, Key lime,

Citron, Mexican

lime, West Indian

lime

Minor

from fruit minor

Luffa aegyptiaca Luffa cylindrica Loofah Sponge gourd,

Climbing okra,

Dishcloth gourd,

Loofa

Yes

Thevetia

peruviana

Thevitia nerifolia Lucky nut, Yellow

oleander

Lucky nut, Yellow

Oleander Yes

Stephanotis

floribunda

Madagascar jasmine Madagascar

Jasmine Low

1

Hippomane

mancinella

Hippomane dioica Manchineel, Poison

apple

Manchineel Yes

Mangifera indica Mango Mango Yes resin major

Colubrina

arborescens

Colubrina

ferruginosa,

Colubrina

colubrina

Maube bark, soap

bush

Snakebark,

Soaptree,

Greenheart Minor

Abelmoschus

esculentus

Hibiscus

esculentus

Musk Ochra Okra, Gumbo,

Lady's fingers,

Quiabo

Low

1

Carica papaya Papaya carica Pawpaw Papaya, Mamon,

Melon tree, Paw

paw,

Minor

minor

Petrea volubilis Petrea subserrata Petrea, Lilac,

Sandpaper vine

Queen's wreath,

Sandpaper vine Yes

minor

Jatropha curcas Curcas curcas Physic nut,

Bellyache bush,

Coral plant

Physic nut,

Jatropha, Barbados

nut,

Yes

Duranta erecta Duranta repens Pigeon berry Gold dew drop,

Golden dew drop,

Forget me not tree,

Pigeon berry,

Skyflower

Yes




name

Other Common


Cajanus cajan Pigeon pea Pigeon pea,

Tropical green pea,

Congo pea, Gungo

pea, Red gram,

Minor

Tabebuia rosea Tabebuia

pentaphylla

Pink Poui Pink Trumpet Tree,

Pink poui

Gathered

from

ground

flowers


Poinsettia pulcherrima

Poinsettia Poinsettia, Christmas flower

Yes

Podranea

ricasoliana

Port St. John

creeper

Zimbabwe Creeper,

Pandora vine, Pink

trumpet tree

Yes

Argemone

mexicana

Argemone

leiocarpa

Prickly poppy Mexian poppy,

Mexican prickly

poppy, Prickly

Poppy

Minor

x

Melia azedarach Pride of India Chinaberry, White

cedar, Chinaberry

tree, Indian lilac,

Persian lilac, Tree

of Heaven

Low

low

Cissus verticillata

Cissus sicyoides Pudding bush, Snake

vine

Water liana,

Seasonvine, Snake

bitters, Snake vine

Yes

Cryptostegia

grandiflora

Nerium

grandiflorum

Purple Allamanda,

Rubber vine, Pen

plant

Rubbervine, Indian

rubbervine, Palay

rubbervine, Purple

alamanda,

Yes

Alternanthera

ficoidea

Alternanthera

polygonoides,

Alternanthera

bettzickiana

Rabbit meat Slender joyweed,

Island Joyweed Yes

Ixora coccinea Ixora coccinea

var. intermedia

Red Ixora, Jungle

flame

Jungle Flame, Ixora,

Scarlet Jungleflame,

Flame of the

woods, Jungle

Yes



geranium, Needle

flower, Sacred ixora


name

Other Common


Dracaena

fragrans

Aletris fragrans,

Sansevieria

fragrans

Sand dragon Fragrant dracaena,

Forest dracaena Yes

Lippia alba Santa maria, Barbados Sage

Bushy lippia, Bushy matgrass

Yes

Cordia

sebestena

Sebesten

sebestena

Scarlet Cordia,

Geiger tree

Geiger Tree,

Largeleaf

geigertree,

Anacahuita,

Broadleaf

Yes

minor

Coccoloba

uvifera

Polygonum

uvifera

Seaside grapes Sea grape, Shore

grape, Seaside

grape

Yes

Citrus maxima Citrus grandis Shaddock,

Forbidden Fruit

Pomelo, Citron,

Shaddock Yes

x

Combretum

latifolium

Combretum

fruticosum,

Combretum

platyphyllum

Showy combretum Chapamiel

Yes

Ceiba pentandra Bombax

pentandrum

Silk cotton tree,

Kapok

Silk-cotton tree,

Devil's tree,

Fromager, Mapou,

Kapokier, Pin tree,

Fonmaje

Yes

Major

Melicoccus

bijugatus

Melicoccus bijuga Skin-up, Genip Mamoncillo,

Spanish lime,

Ackee, Genip,

skinup

Yes

Malvaviscus

arboreus

Malvaviscus

graniflorus,

Achania

malvaviscus

Sleeping Hibiscus Turkscap, Sleeping

Hibiscus, Wax

Mallow Yes




name

Other Common


Pedilanthus

tithymaloides

Slipper plant Slipper flower, Bird

Cactus, Redbird

flower

Minor

Sapindus saponaria

Soapberry Soapberry, Wingleaf soapberry, Western soapberry

Yes

Saccharum

officinarum

Sugar cane Sugar cane Yes

minor

Desmodium

tortuosum

Desmodium

annuum

Sweetheart Florida

beggarweed, Tick

trefoil, Dixie

Tricktrefoil,

Beggarweed, Dickie

tick trefoil, Pega-

pega

Yes

x

Prunus caudata Trema micrantha Trema micrantha Jamican nettletree Yes

Polianthes

tuberosa

Polianthes gracilis Tuberrose Tuberose Low

1

Bursea simaruba Elaphrium

simaruba

Turpernetine tree,

West Indian birch,

Naked Indian,

Gommier rouge,

Tourist tree

Gumbo limbo,

Turpentine tree,

West indian birch,

Gommier

rouge,Tourist tree

Yes lipo

Stachytarpheta

jamaicensis

Valerianoides

jamaicensis

Ven-Ven, Vervain Blue porterweed,

spikeweed Yes

Leucaena

leucocephala

Leucaena glauca ,

Mimosa

leucocephala

West Indian

Mimosa, Shack-

shack, Wild

tamarind, wild

mimosa, Monval,

Tamrin batard,

Macata, Macata-

Bourse

Leucaena, Wild

tamarind, Macata,

White leadtree

Yes

x

Tabebuia

heterophylla

White cedar, White

poui

White cedar, West

Indies cedar, Pink

Trumpet tree

Yes




name

Other Common


Laguncularia

racemosa

Conocarpus

racemosa

White mangrove White mangrove Yes


Wild Tobacco Hollowheart Yes

Sida acuta Wireweed, sweet

broom

Wireweed, Tea

weed, Broomweed,

Souther sida, Horn

bean leave sida

Yes

x

Turnera ulmifolia Yellow Ader Buttercup plant,

West Indian holly,

Yellow alder, Elm

leaved turnera

Yes

x

Cochlospermum

vitifolium

Bombax vitifolium Yellow silk shell

seed

Buttercup tree, Silk

cottontree, Bototo Yes

minor

Tecoma capensis "Honeysuckle" Caoe

Trumpet flower

Cape Honeysuckle

x

Pimenta dioica Allspice, Pimento Allspice

Terminalia

bellerica

Berlliric myrobalan Behda, Belleric

myrobalan, Beach

Almond, Bedda nut

tree

minor

Vigna

unguiculata

subsp.

unguiculata

Vigna sinensis Black eye pea Cowpea

Lagenaria

siceraria

Cucurbita

lagenaria

Bottle gourd Hue, Bottle Gourd,

Calabash, White

flower gourd

Artocarpus

heterophyllus

Artocarpus

integrifolius Bread nut, Jackfruit

Jack fruit

latex

Artocarpus altilis Artocarpus

communis

Breadfruit, Breadnut Bread fruit

latex

Acacia nilotica Briar, Piquant, Jacques-á-chat,

Cassie, Babul

Egyptian Thorn, Scented-pod acacia, Gum Arabic tree




name

Other Common


Hedychium

coronarium

Amomum

filiforme

Butterfly lily Camia, White

Garland-lily,

Butterfly ginger,

Garland flower,

Ginger lily

Conocarpus

erectus

Button Mangrove,

Grey mangrove

Buttonwood,

Caribbean

mangrove, Button

Mangrove, Silver-

leaved Buttonwood

Brassica Cabbage, kale,

turnip, pak choy,

pork chives

Mustard, Cabbage

Haematoxylum

campechianum

Haematoxylon

campechianum

Campheche,

Campeachy wood,

Kampech,

Champish,

Bloodwood tree

Logwood,

Campseche,

Kampech,

Bloodwood tree

not

good

Elettaria

cardamomum

Amomum

cardamomum

Cardamon Cardamom

Agave

caribaeicola

Agave grenadina Century Plant Century plant

Gouania

lupuloides

Banisteria

lupuloides

Chew Stick Bejuco de indio,

Indian vine,

Chewstick minor

Capsicum

annuum

Capsicum annuum

var. conoide

Chilli, Red chilli,

Sweet Chilli, Paprika

Bell pepper, Green

pepper, Sweet

pepper, Chili

pepper

minor

Gossypium Cotton Cotton


Libidibia coriaria Divi-Divi Divi divi, American sumac, Cascolate

minor

Solanum

melongena

Eggplant, Aubergine Eggplant,

Aubergine




name

Other Common


Delonix regia Poinciana regia Flamboyante,

Poinciana, Flame

Tree

Royal ponciana,

Flamboyant,

Flametree, Gold

mohar

not

annual

Plumeria rubra Frangipani Frangipani, Red

Frangipani,

Nosegay, Pagoda

Tree, Temple tree

latex

Cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa

var. indica

Ganjah, Hemp Hemp None

3

Spondias dulcis Spondias cytherea Golden apple,

Pomecythere, June

plum, Yellow plum,

Golden apple,

Otaheite plum

Golden apple

Unknown

Cassia fistula Golden Shower Golden shower,

Purging cassia

Cicer arietinum Ononis

crotalarioides

Gram Chick pea,

Garbanzo bean minor

Cordia obliqua Gum, Clammy

cherry

Clammy cherry Unknown

?

Parkinsonia

aculeata

Jerusalem thorn Jerusalem thorn,

Horsebean,

Mexican Palo

Verde, Acacia,

Barbados

flowerfence,

Espinillo, Retaima

not

attractive minor

Caesalpinia bonduc

Guilandina crista Kannik, Horse Nicker, Gray nickerbean, Warri, Canique grise, Grey nicker, Bahama braziletto, Konik, Gwu sak borik, Gwenzye bonwikt, z'yuex a chatte, kach kach, Donkey eye

Nicker nut, Gray nickernbean, Bonduc, Divi-divi

x minor




name

Other Common


Cola acuminata Sterculia

acuminata

Kola nut Kola nut, Abata

Cola

Petiveria alliacea Kudjoe root, Garlic

root, Gully root,

Conga root, Da

Gully root, Guinea

Henweed Unknown

Cymbopogon

nardus

Andropogon

nardus

Lemon grass Lemon grass,

Citronella grass

Gouania

polygama

Gouania sepiaria Liane-savon Rattan, Liane Savon

minor

Guaiacum

officinale

Lignum vitae, Tree

of Life

Lignum vitae,

Guaiac tree Unknown

Ipomoea nil Convolvulus

hederaceu

Liseron bleu Campanita, Ivy-

leaved Morning

Glory, Japanese

morning glory,

Pharbitis seeds, Red

Star Glory,

Hymenaea

courbaril

Hymenaea

courbaril

Locus, Stinking toe Locust, Stinkingtoe

resin

Pithecellobium

dulce

Madras thorn Madras thorn,

Manila tamarind,

Black beard,

Monkey pod

minor

Syzygium

aqueum

Eugenia

malaccensis,

Eugenia aquea

Malay apple Mountain apple,

Watery Rose Apple

Canavalia

ensiformis

Canavalia

ensiformis var.

Maljoe (grudge

pea), Jamaican

Horse bean, Sword

bean

Jack bean, Horse

bean, Garde place,

Wonder bean,

Prosopis juliflora Mesquite River algarrobo,

alaroba, mesquite,

Ironwood, major




name

Other Common


Waltheria indica Monkey bush,

Velvet leaf

`uhaloa, Sleepy

morning

Tradescantia

spathacea

Rhoeo spathacea,

Rhoeo discolor

Moses-in-the-cradle Oyster plant,

Moses-in-a-boat,

Three Men In A

Boat, Boat lily

major

Albizia lebbeck Mimosa lebbeck Mother-in-law's

tongue, Ladies

tounge, Langua-a-

via-femme, Siris

Lebbeck, East

Indian walnut,

Women's tongue,

Mother-in-law's

tongue, Ladies

tongue, Shack-

shack, langua-a-via-

femme, siris

scarce

Euterpe

broadwayi

Euterpe

dominicana,

Euterpe hagleyi

Mountain cabbage Mountain Cabbage

high

Azadirachta

indica

Antelaea

azadirachta

Nim, Neem Neem, Indian lilac,

Margosa Tree, Yepa minor

Morinda

citrifolia

Noni, Pain killer tree

(Guyana), Monkey

dumpling

(Barbados)

Noni, Dog

dumpling, Awl Tree,

Great morinda,

Indian mulberry,

Pain killer, Yaw

weed

Unknown

?

Myristica fragans Nutmeg Nutmeg

Prestoea

acuminata var.

montana

Prestoea montana Palmiste chou,

Mountain palm

Mountain cabbage,

palmiste chou,

Sierran Palm x

Musa

paradisiaca

Plaintain Plantain

Inga laurine Inga fagifolia Pois Doux Guamá, Sacky sac

bean, Poix doux major

Punica granatum Pomegranate Pomegranate

x




name

Other Common


Syzygium malaccense

Eugenia malaccensis

Pomme Malac, Pomerac, Frensh cashew

Malay apple, Malaysian apple, Ohia, Pomerac

Syzygium jambos Eugenia jambos,

Jambosa jambos

Pomme rose,

Malabar plum

Rose apple,

Jambos, Malabar

plum

minor

Opuntia stricta

var. dillenii

Opuntia dillenii Prickly pear, Dildo Prickly Pear, Sweet

Prickly-pear

Rhizophora

mangle

Red mangrove Red mangrove

Albizia saman

Samanea saman,

Pithecellobium

saman

Samann, Raintree,

Massav, Cocoas

tamarind, Arbre a la

pluie, Cow tambran

Saman tree,

Raintree, Massav,

Cocos tamarind,

Arbre a la pluie

Kigelia pinnata Kigelia africana Sausage tree Sausage tree

Agave Sisal Century plant x

Sorghum bicolor Sorghum, millet,

Guinea grain

Sorghum

Hibiscus

sabdariffa

Hibiscus cruentus Sorrell, Red sorrell Sorrel, Roselle Unknown ?

Citrus aurantium Sour Orange, Seville Seville orange,

Gospo, Sour

orange, Bitter

Orange

minor

Chrysophyllum

cainito

Chrysophyllum

bicolor

Star apple Star apple

Cordia dentata Cordia alba,

Trema

micranthum,

Calyptracordia

alba

Sticky cherry, Arbre

a raisins

Tiguilote, Florida

trema

Ziziphus

maurtiania

Ziziphus jujua Surette, Pomme

surrette, Jujube,

Stink tree, Dunk,

Apple dum

Ber, Indian jujube,

Dunks, Chinese

jujube, surette,

pomme

minor




name

Other Common


Ipomoea batatas Sweet potato Sweet potato

Sideroxylon

salicifolium

Dipholis salicfolia Sweet wood Bustic Cassada,

White Bully Unknown

Ximenia

americana

Tallow plum Yellow plum, Sea

lemon, Hog plum

Tectona grandis Teak Teak Unknown ?

Nicotiana

tabacum

Tobacco Tobacco major

Thespesia

populnea

Tulip tree, Catalpa,

Seaside mahoe

Annadine, Seaside

mahoe, Portia tree Unknown ?

Tradescantia

zebrina var.

zebrina

Zebrina pendula Wandering jew,

Cockroach grass

Wandering Jew

x

Senna siamea Cassia siamea Yellow (shade)

Cassia, Kas

Yellow cassia,

Siamese cassia,

Kassod tree

Terminalia

catappa

Almond, Indian

almond, Seaside

almond

Tropical Almond,

Indian almond Unknown ?

Begonia Begoniae Purple begonia,

Begonias Unknown ?

Celosia cristata Celosia argentea

var. cristata

Cockscomb Crested

Cockscomb, Cock's

comb, Cultivated

cockscomb

Good 2

Citharexylum

spinosum

Citharexylum

fruticosum

Fiddlewood,

Cutlette, Pendula,

Cutlet, Bois cocklet,

Kiklet, Figbush, Fairy

tree, Bois carre

Cutlet, Fiddlewood,

Flordia fiddlewood,

Bois fidele,

Pendula, Bois

cocklet, Koklet,

Figbush, Fairy tree,

Bois carre

Unknown

Swietenia

mahagoni

Mahogany Barbados Mahogny,

West indian Unknown ?



mahogany, Small-

leaved Mahogany

Melothria

pendula

Small wild

cucumber

Melonette, Wild

cucumber,

Creeping Cucumber

Drooping

melonnette,

Gaudeloupe

cucumber

Minor



TABLE OF FIGURES 1 Capped honey on the top portion while nectar is on the bottom uncapped, photo by Author .......................... 11 2 Dried seed head of Cedrela odorata via herbario.up.ac.pa ............................................................................... 14 3 Tree & leaves of Cedrela odorata via keys.lucidcentral.org .............................................................................. 14 4 Blighia sapida fruit via Author .......................................................................................................................... 14 5 Blighia sapida flower via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 14 6 Pimenta dioica bark via eol.org ........................................................................................................................ 15 7 Pimenta dioica flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 15 8 Brugmansia suaveolens flower and plant via eol.org .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 9 Persea americana fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 17 10 Persea americana flower via eol,org .............................................................................................................. 17 11 Dypsis lutescens flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 17 12 Dypsis lutescens tree via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 17 13 Aloe vera via author ....................................................................................................................................... 18 14 Guazuma ulmifolia fruit and Leaves via eol.org............................................................................................. 18 15 Begonia flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................................. 19 16 Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata flower via eol.org .............................................................................. 20 17 Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata seed and leaf via eol.org ................................................................... 20 18 Lablab purpureus bean via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 22 19 Lagenaria siceraria flower on vine and green gourd via eol.org .................................................................... 23 20 Lagenaria siceraria dried gourd via eol.org .................................................................................................... 23 21 Artocarpus heterophyllus nut via author ......................................................................................................... 23 22 Artocarpus heterophyllus Fruit via author ....................................................................................................... 23 23 Artocarpus heterophyllus tree & leaves via author ......................................................................................... 23 24 Artocarpus altilis flower via author ................................................................................................................ 24 25 Artocarpus altilis fruit and leaves via eol.org ................................................................................................. 24 26 Artocarpus altilis latex on fruit used by bees for propolis via eol.org ............................................................. 24 27 Asclepias curassavica flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 25 28 Asclepias curassavica plant via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 25 29 Hedychium coronarium flower via author ...................................................................................................... 25 30 Hedychium coronarium plant via author ........................................................................................................ 25 31 Conocarpus erectus flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 26 32 Conocarpus erectus bark via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 26 33 Brassica flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................................. 26 34 Brassica group of flowers via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 26 35 Inga edulis via eol.org .................................................................................................................................... 27 36 Inga edulis fruit via author ............................................................................................................................. 27 37 Inga edulis fruit interior via author ................................................................................................................. 27 38 Inga edulis tree via eol.org ............................................................................................................................. 27 39 Haematoxylum campechianum flowers via eol.org ....................................................................................... 27 40 Haematoxylum campechianum seeds via eol.org .......................................................................................... 27 41 Senna multijuga flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 28 42 Senna multijuga via eol.org ............................................................................................................................ 28 43 Averrhoa carambola fruit and flower via author ............................................................................................ 28 44 Elettaria cardamomum flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 29 45 Elettaria cardamomum plant via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 29 46 Anacardium occidentale leaf, fruit and flower via author ............................................................................... 29 47 Acacia farnesiana flowers via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 30 48 Acacia farnesiana seeds via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 30 49 Ricinus communis plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 30 50 Agave caribaeicola in bloom via Google ....................................................................................................... 31 51 Eugenia uniflora flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 31 52 Eugenia uniflora fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 31

Honey%20Bee%20Plants%20in%20Grenada%20test.doc#_Toc447839287



53 Eugenia uniflora tree via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 31 54 Gouania lupuloides flowers via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 32 55 Gouania lupuloides flowered branch via eol.org ........................................................................................... 32 56 Gouania lupuloides seedlings via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 32 57 Capsicum annuum flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 32 58 Capsicum annuum pepper via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 32 59 Chromolaena odorata flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 33 60 Chromolaena odorata via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 33 61 Sechium edule flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 33 62 Sechium edule fruit via author ........................................................................................................................ 33 63 Sechium edule vine via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 33 64 Citrus medica flower via eol.org..................................................................................................................... 34 65 Citrus medica fruit varitals via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 34 66 Syzygium aromaticum flowers via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 34 67 Syzygium aromaticum fruit via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 34 68 Syzygium aromaticum leaves via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 34 69 Celosia cristata flower via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 35 70 Celtis iguanaea fruit via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 35 71 Cocos nucifera flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 36 72 Cocos nucifera dwarf variety via eol.org........................................................................................................ 36 73 Cocos nucifera tall variety via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 36 74 Casearia decandra flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 36 75 Casearia decandra fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 36 76 Coffea arabica flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 37 77 Coffea arabica berries via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 37 78 Coffea arabica tree via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 37 79 Antigonon leptotus via author ........................................................................................................................ 37 80 Zea mays flower stalk via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 38 81 Zea mays silk via eol.org ............................................................................................................................... 38 82 Zea mays ear via eol.org ............................................................................................................................... 38 83 Gossypium barbadense flower via eol.org..................................................................................................... 38 84 Gossypium barbadense cotton via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 38 85 Gossypium flower and cotton via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 39 86 Urena lobata flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 39 87 Urena lobata fruit detail via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 39 88 Urena lobata plant via eol.org ........................................................................................................................ 39 89 Casearia sylvestris flower detail via eol.org .................................................................................................. 40 90 Casearia sylvestris flower cluster via eol.org ................................................................................................. 40 91 Casearia sylvestris branch via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 40 92 Lagerstroemia indica flower via author .......................................................................................................... 40 93 Lagerstroemia indica bush via author ............................................................................................................ 40 94 Citharexylum spinosum flower via eol.org .................................................................................................... 41 95 Citharexylum spinosum fruit on branch via eol.org ....................................................................................... 41 96 Citharexylum spinosum tree via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 41 97 Phyllanthus acidus flowers via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 41 98 Phyllanthus acidus fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 41 99 Caesalpinia coriaria flowers via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 42 100 Caesalpinia coriaria seedpods via eol.org .................................................................................................... 42 101 Caesalpinia coriaria bark via eol.org............................................................................................................ 42 102 Solanum melongena flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 42 103 Solanum melongena fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 42 104 Cuphea hyssopifolia flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 43 105 Chrysobalanus icaco flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 43 106 Chrysobalanus icaco fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 43 107 Delonix regia flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 44 108 Delonix regia branch via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 44



109 Pyrostegia venusta flower via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 44 110 Pyrostegia venusta via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 44 111 Melaleuca linariifolia flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 45 112 Melaleuca linariifolia tree via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 45 113 Mirabilis jalapa flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 45 114 Mirabilis jalapa buds via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 45 115 Mirabilis jalapa plant via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 45 116 Plumeria rubra flower via author .................................................................................................................. 46 117 Plumeria rubra plant via author .................................................................................................................... 46 118 Cannabis sativa buds via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 46 119 Cannabis sativa plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 46 120 Tecoma stans flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 47 121 Tecoma stans seed pods via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 47 122 Tecoma stans tree via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 47 123 Gliricidia sepium flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 48 124 Gliricidia sepium seed pod & flowers via eol.org ......................................................................................... 48 125 Gliricidia sepium tree via eol.org .................................................................................................................. 48 126 Spondias dulcis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 48 127 Spondias dulcis fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 48 128 Cassia fistula flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 49 129 Cassia fistula tree via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 49 130 Flacourtia ramontchii flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 49 131 Flacourtia ramontchii fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 49 132 Cicer arietinum flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 50 133 Cicer arietinum seed pod via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 50 134 Vitis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................................. 50 135 Vitus fruit and leaf via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 50 136 Citrus x paradisi flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 51 137 Dacryodes edulis flowers via flickr ............................................................................................................... 51 138 Dacryodes edulis fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 51 139 Acrocomia aculeata flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 52 140 Acrocomia aculeata small fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................... 52 141 Acrocomia aculeata trunk via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 52 142 Psidium guayava flower via eol.org............................................................................................................. 52 143 Psidium guayava young fruit via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 52 144 Cordia obliqua via author ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 145 Hibiscus rosa sinensis flower via author ...................................................................................................... 53 146 Hibiscus rosa sinensis plant via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 53 147 Spondias mombin flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 54 148 Spondias mombin leaves and flowers via eol.org ........................................................................................ 54 149 Lonicera japonica flower via eol.org............................................................................................................. 54 150 Lonicera japonica plant via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 54 151 Tecoma capensis flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 55 152 Tecoma capensis plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 55 153 Cassia grandis botanical via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 55 154 Cassia grandis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 55 155 Cassia grandis seed pods via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 55 156 Moringa oleifera flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 56 157 Moringa oleifera plant with seed pods via eol.org ....................................................................................... 56 158 Syzygium cumini flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 56 159 Syzygium cumini fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 56 160 Syzygium cumini plant via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 56 161 Trema micrantha flowers via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 57 162 Parkinsonia aculeata flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 57 163 Parkinsonia aculeata seed & pod eol.org ...................................................................................................... 57 164 Caesalpinia bonduc seed pod via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 58

Honey%20Bee%20Plants%20in%20Grenada%20test.doc#_Toc447839423



165 Caesalpinia bonduc flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 58 166 Cola acuminate flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 58 167 Cola acuminate botanical via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 58 168 Cola acuminate nut via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 58 169 Petiveria alliacea via eol.org ........................................................................................................................ 59 170 Petiveria alliacea flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 59 171 Andira inermis fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 59 172 Andira inermis plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................... 59 173 Andira inermis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 59 174 Cymbopogon nardus plant via author .......................................................................................................... 60 175 Gouania polygama seed via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 60 176 Gouania polygama flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 60 177 Gouania polygama plant via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 60 178 Guaiacum officinale flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 61 179 Guaiacum officinale Grenadian postage stamp via eol.org ......................................................................... 61 180 Guaiacum officinale seed via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 61 181 Citrus aurantiifolia flower via eol.org........................................................................................................... 61 182 Citrus aurantiifolia plant and fruit via eol.org .............................................................................................. 61 183 Ipomoea nil flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 62 184 Ipomoea nil plant via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 62 185 Ipomoea nil seeds via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 62 186 Litchi chinensis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 62 187 Litchi chinensis fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 62 188 Hymenaea courbaril flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 63 189 Hymenaea courbaril fruit/seed pod via eol.org ............................................................................................ 63 190 Luffa aegyptiaca flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 63 191 Luffa aegyptiaca plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 63 192 Luffa aegyptiaca seeds and sponge via eol.org ........................................................................................... 63 193 Thevetia peruviana flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 64 194 Thevetia peruviana seed via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 64 195 Stephanotis floribunda buds and leaves via eol.org .................................................................................... 64 196 Stephanotis floribunda flower via eol.org .................................................................................................... 64 197 Pithecellobium dulce flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 65 198 Pithecellobium dulce seed pod via eol.org ................................................................................................... 65 199 Swietenia mahagoni flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 65 200 Swietenia mahagoni seed pod via eol.org ................................................................................................... 65 201 Swietenia mahagoni tree via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 65 202 Syzygium aqueum Flower via wikipedia ..................................................................................................... 66 203 Syzygium aqueum fruit via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 66 204 Canavalia ensiformis flower via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 66 205 Canavalia ensiformis seed pod and plant via eol.org .................................................................................. 66 206 Hippomane mancinella plant via author ...................................................................................................... 67 207 Hippomane mancinella via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 67 208 Hippomane mancinella fruit via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 67 209 Mangifera indica flower via author .............................................................................................................. 67 210 Mangifera indica fruit via author .................................................................................................................. 67 211 Colubrina arborescens flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 68 212 Colubrina arborescens leaf via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 68 213 Yucca aloifloila in bloom via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 68 214 Prosopis juliflora flower and seed pod via eol.org ....................................................................................... 69 215 Prosopis juliflora thorn and branch via eol.org ............................................................................................ 69 216 Waltheria indica flower and plant via eol.org .............................................................................................. 69 217 Tradescantia spathacea flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................. 70 218 Tradescantia spathacea in bloom via eol.org ............................................................................................... 70 219 Albizia lebbeck flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 71 220 Albizia lebbeck seed pod via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 71



221 Abelmoschus esculentus flower via eol.org .................................................................................................. 72 222 Abelmoschus esculentus plant via eol.org .................................................................................................... 72 223 Azadirachta indica flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 72 224 Azadirachta indica seed via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 72 225 Morinda citrifolia flower and fruit via author ................................................................................................ 73 226 Myristica fragans fruit and seed via author .................................................................................................. 73 227 Prestoea acuminata var. montana berries ..................................................................................................... 74 228 Carica papaya flower and fruit via author .................................................................................................... 74 229 Petrea volubilis flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 75 230 Jatropha curcas flowers via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 75 231 Jatropha curcas seeds via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 75 232 Duranta erecta plant, flowers and berries via author .................................................................................... 76 233 Duranta erecta flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 76 234 Duranta erecta seedpod and flower via eol.org ............................................................................................ 76 235 Tabebuia rosea flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 77 236 Tabebuia rosea seedpod via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 77 237 Musa paradisiaca plant via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 77 238 Musa paradisiaca flower detail via eol.org .................................................................................................. 77 239 Euphorbia pulcherrima flower via eol.org .................................................................................................... 78 240 Inga laurina flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 78 241 Inga laurina seed pod via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 78 242 Punica granatum flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 79 243 Punica granatum fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 79 244 Syzygium malaccense flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 79 245 Syzygium malaccense fruit via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 79 246 Syzygium jambos flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 80 247 Syzygium jambos fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 80 248 Podranea ricasoliana flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 80 249 Opuntia stricta var. dillenii flower via eol.org .............................................................................................. 81 250 Opuntia stricta var. dillenii plant via eol.org ................................................................................................ 81 251 Argemone mexicana plant via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 81 252 Melia azedarach flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 82 253 Melia azedarach fruit/seed via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 82 254 Tibouchina semidecandra flower via eol.org ................................................................................................ 82 255 Cissus verticillata flowerbud via author ....................................................................................................... 83 256 Cissus verticillata berries via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 83 257 Cryptostegia grandiflora flower via eol.org .................................................................................................. 83 258 Cryptostegia grandiflora seed pod via eol.org .............................................................................................. 83 259 Alternanthera ficoidea flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 84 260 Alternanthera ficoidea plant via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 84 261 Rhizophora mangle flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 85 262 Rhizophora mangle plant with panicle via eol.org ....................................................................................... 85 263 Albizia saman flowervia eol.org .................................................................................................................. 85 264 Albizia saman leaf and seed via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 85 265 Dracaena fragrans flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 86 266 Dracaena fragrans plant via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 86 267 Lippia alba flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................................... 86 268 Manilkara zapota flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 87 269 Manilkara zapota fruit and tree via author ................................................................................................... 87 270 Kigelia pinnata flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 87 271 Kigelia pinnata fruit via eol.org .................................................................................................................... 87 272 Cordia sebestena flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 88 273 Cordia sebestena fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 88 274 Coccoloba uvifera flower detail via eol.org .................................................................................................. 88 275 Coccoloba uvifera flowering plant via eol.org .............................................................................................. 88 276 Coccoloba uvifera fruit.................................................................................................................................. 88



277 Citrus maxima flower via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 89 278 Citrus maxima fruit via eol.org ..................................................................................................................... 89 279 Combretum latifolium flower via wikipedia commons ................................................................................. 89 280 Combretum latifolium seed pod via idtools.org ............................................................................................ 89 281 Ceiba pentandra flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 90 282 Ceiba pentandra seed via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 90 283 Ceiba pentandra butresses and trunk via author .......................................................................................... 90 284 Agave flowervia eol.org .............................................................................................................................. 90 285 Agave blooming plant via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 90 286 Melicoccus bijugatus flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 91 287 Melicoccus bijugatus fruit via author ............................................................................................................ 91 288 Malvaviscus arboreus flower via eol.org ..................................................................................................... 91 289 Malvaviscus arboreus leaf and seed via eol.org .......................................................................................... 91 290 Pedilanthus tithymaloides flower via eol.org ............................................................................................... 92 291 Pedilanthus tithymaloides plant via eol.org ................................................................................................. 92 292 Melothria pendula flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 92 293 Melothria pendula fruit via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 92 294 Sapindus saponaria flower detail via eol.org ............................................................................................... 93 295 Sapindus saponaria flowers via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 93 296 Sapindus saponaria fruit via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 93 297 Sorghum bicolor flowering head via eol.org ................................................................................................ 93 298 Sorghum bicolor field via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 93 299 Hibiscus sabdariffa flower ........................................................................................................................... 94 300 Hibiscus sabdariffa fruit via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 94 301 Citrus aurantium flower via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 94 302 Citrus aurantium fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 94 303 Tarenaya spinosa flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 95 304 Tarenaya spinosa plant via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 95 305 Chrysophyllum cainito fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 95 306 Chrysophyllum cainito flower via www.plantcreations.com ....................................................................... 95 307 Pentas lanceolata flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................ 96 308 Pentas lanceolata bush via author ............................................................................................................... 96 309 Trema micranthum flower via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 96 310 Trema micranthum fruit via eol.org .............................................................................................................. 96 311 Saccharum officinarum cut cane via www.sugarindustryofbelize.com ........................................................ 97 312 Saccharum officinarum field via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 97 313 Ziziphus maurtiana flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 97 314 Ziziphus maurtiana fruit fresh to dry (l to R) via eol.org .............................................................................. 97 315 Ipomoea batatas flower and leaves via eol.org ........................................................................................... 98 316 Ipomoea batatas roots via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 98 317 Sideroxylon salicifolium flower detail via eol.org ........................................................................................ 99 318 Sideroxylon salicifolium flower via eol.org .................................................................................................. 99 319 Desmodium tortuosum via eol.org ............................................................................................................... 99 320 Desmodium tortuosum seed pod via eol.org ................................................................................................ 99 321 ximenia americana flower via eol.org........................................................................................................ 100 322 ximenia americana fruit via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 100 323 Tectona grandis flower detail via eol.org ................................................................................................... 100 324 Tectona grandis flower via eol.org ............................................................................................................. 100 325 Tectona grandis fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................. 100 326 Thymus vulgaris flower with bee via eol.org ............................................................................................. 101 327 Nicotiana tabacum flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................ 101 328 Nicotiana tabacum plant via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 101 329 Polianthes tuberosa flower via eol.org ....................................................................................................... 102 330 Thespesia populneoides flower via eol.org ................................................................................................ 102 331 Thespesia populneoides seeds via eol.org ................................................................................................. 102 332 Bursea simaruba flower via eol.org ........................................................................................................... 103



333 Bursea simaruba fruit via eol.org ................................................................................................................ 103 334 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis flower via eol.org ........................................................................................... 103 335 Stachytarpheta jamaicensis plant via eol.org.............................................................................................. 103 336 Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina flower via eol.org ................................................................................. 104 337 Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina plant via eol.org .................................................................................... 104 338 Leucaena leucocephala flowers via Author ................................................................................................ 104 339 Tabebuia heterophylla flower via eol.org ................................................................................................... 105 340 Tabebuia heterophylla seed pod via eol.org ............................................................................................... 105 341 Laguncularia racemosa flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................ 105 342 Laguncularia racemosa seeds via author .................................................................................................... 105 343Laguncularia racemosa seedling via author ................................................................................................ 105 344 Acnistus arborescens flowers via eol.org ................................................................................................... 106 345 Acnistus arborescens flowers and berries via eol.org ................................................................................. 106 346 Sida acuta flower via eol.org ...................................................................................................................... 106 347 Sida acuta plant .......................................................................................................................................... 106 348 Senna siamea flower via Paul Sheppard .................................................................................................... 107 349 Senna siamea seed pods via eol.org .......................................................................................................... 107 350 Turnera angustifolia flower via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 107 351 Tamarindus indica flower via eol.org ......................................................................................................... 108 352 Tamarindus indica seedpod via eol.org ...................................................................................................... 108 353 Cochlospermum vitifolium flower via eol.org ............................................................................................. 108



REFERENCES

Cameron, S., & Craig, C. (2009). Science Vocabulary Building, Grades 3 - 5. Mark Twain Media, Incorporated Publishers. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=ut9pAgAAQBAJ

Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2001). Codex Alimentarius Commission Standards. In Codex Stan 12-1981 (pp. 1–8).

Ermine. (2011). Grenada - Beekeeping. St. George’s Grenada.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2006). Honey bee diseases and pests: a practical guide. FAO Agrictultural and Food Engineering Techincal Reports. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0849e.pdf

Ghisalberti, E. L. (1979). Propolis. A review. Bee World, 60, 59–84.

Lüttge, U., Beyschlag, W., Francis, D., & Cushman, J. (2012). Progress in Botany. New York: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Malumphy, C. P. (1997). Honeydew. In Soft Scale Insects (p. 269). Elsevier Science. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=uCzHDkARfcYC

Sammataro, D., Avitabile, A., & Caron, D. M. (2011). The Beekeeper’s Handbook. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

Somerville, D. (2005). Fat Bees Skinny Bees: A Manual on Honey Bee Nutrition for Beekeepers. Kingston, ACT: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Retrieved from http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/clc/1766764

Thomas, K., Lewis, D., & Delsol, G. (2013). 2010-2011 Annual Agriculture Review Grenada W.I. St. George’s Grenada: Ministry of Agriculture.

Wikipedia Contributors. Propolis. Retrieved April 4, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propolis



INDEX `uhaloa, 69

Abata Cola, 58

Abelmoschus esculentus, 72

Abraham, John, 9

Acacia, 57

Acacia farnesiana, 29

Acacia nilotica, 24

Achiote, 16

Ackee, 91

Acnistus arborescens, 106

Acrocomia aculeata, 52

African pear, 51

African plum, 51

Agave, 90

Agave caribaeicola, 30

Agency for Rural Transformation (ART), 9

Akee, 14

Alaroba, 69

Albizia lebbeck, 71

Allspice, 15

Almond, 15

Beach, 19

Indian, 15

Seaside, 15

Tropical, 15

Aloe, 17

Aloe vera, 17

Aloe yucca, 68

Alternanthera ficoidea, 84

American sumac, 42

Anacahuita, 88

Anacardium occidentale, 29

Anatto, 16

Andira inermis, 59

Angelin, 59

Angel's tears, 16

Angel's trumpet, 16

Angel's Trumpet tree, 16

Annadine, 102

Antaque, 22

Antigonon leptotus, 37

Apis mellifera

Black Bee. See Bee

German Bee. See Bee

Apple dum, 97

Aramina fibre, 39

Arbre a la pluie, 85

Arbre a raisins, 96

Argemone mexicana, 81

Artocarpus altilis, 23

Artocarpus heterophyllus, 23

Asclepias curassavica, 25

Aubergine, 42

Averrhoa carambola, 28

Avicennia germinans, 20

Avocado, 16

Awl Tree, 73

Azadirachta indica, 72

Babosa, 17

Babul, 24

Bahama braziletto, 58

Bamboo palm, 17

Barbados Aloes, 17

Barbados cedar, 14

Barbados flowerfence, 57

Barbados Mahogny, 65

Barbados nut, 75

Barbados Sage, 86

Bastard Cedar, 18

Batokoa palm, 49

Batseed, 59

Beach Almond, 19

Beach morning glory, 18

Beach Morning Glory, 18

Bear grass, 68

Beaulaeu, Jimmy, 9

Beauty of the night, 45

Bedda nut tree, 19

Bee

Species, 9

Beggarweed, 99

Begoniae, 19

Begonias, 19

Behda, 19

Bejuco de indio, 31

Bell pepper, 32

Belleric myrobalan, 19

Bellyache bush, 75

Ben oil tree, 56

Ber, 97

Berlliric myrobalan, 19

Bird Cactus, 92

Bitter Bush, 32

Bitter Orange, 94

Bixa orellana, 16

Black beard, 65

Black eye pea, 20

Black Mangrove, 20

Black Sage, 21

Blackman, Aubrey, 9

Blighia sapida, 14

Blood Flower, 24

Bloodwood tree, 27

Blue porterweed, 103

Boat lily, 70

Bois, 47

Bois carre, 41

Bois cocklet, 41

Bois fidele,, 41

Bois fleur jaunes, 47

Bois gommier, 51

Bois L'Orme, 18

Bois pissenlit, 47

Bonavist, 22

Bonavist bean, 22

Bonduc, 58

Bototo, 109

Bottle gourd, 22

Brassica, 26

Brazil cherry, 31

Bread nut, 23

Breadfruit, 23



Breadnut, 23

Briar, 24

Bride's tears, 37

Broadleaf, 88

Broomweed, 106

Brugmansia suaveoens, 16

Buddha's hand, 33

Burn plant, 17

Bursera simaruba, 103

Bush butter, 51

Bush mango, 51

Bushy lippia, 86

Bushy matgrass, 86

Bustic cassada, 99

Butter fruit, 16, 51

Buttercup plant, 107

Buttercup tree, 109

Butterfly flower, 24

Butterfly ginger, 25

Butterfly lily, 25

Button Mangrove, 25

Buttonwood, 25

Bwa wa tout, 21

Bwise, 21

Cabbage, 26

Cabbagebark tree, 59

Cacolay, 26

Cacos, 43

Caesalpinia bonduc, 58

Caesalpinia coriaria, 42

Caesar bur, 39

Caesar's weed, 39

Cajanus cajan, 76

Cajeput Tree, 45

Calabash, 22

Camia, 25

Campanita, 62

Campeachy wood, 27

Campheche, 27

Campseche, 27

Canavalia ensiformis, 66

Caneficer batard, 27

Canique grise, 58

Cannabis sativa, 46

Cape Honeysuckle, 55

Capote, 55

Capsicum annuum, 32

Caraibe, 47

Carambola, 28

Carapate, 30

Cardamom, 28

Caribbean Beekeeping Congress, 10

Caribbean mangrove, 25

Carica papaya, 74

Cascolate, 42

Casearia decandra, 36

Casearia sylvestris, 39

Cashew, 29

Cassia fistula, 49

Cassia grandis, 55

Cassie, 24

Cassie-Flowers, 29

Castor, 30

Castor Oil Plant, 30

Catalpa, 102

Cedar, 14

Cedrela odorata, 14

Ceiba pentandra, 90

Celosia cristata, 34

Celtis iguanaea, 35

Cemetary vine, 37

Century plant, 90

Century Plant, 30

Cerises a cotes, 31

Chain of love, 37

Champish, 27

Chapamiel, 89

Chayote, 33

Chew Stick, 31

Chewstick, 31

Chick pea, 50

Chilli, 32

Chinaberry, 82

Chinaberry tree, 82

Chinese hibiscus, 53

Chinese honeysuckle, 54

Chinese jujube, 97

Chinese roose, 53

Cho-Cho, 33

Christmas bush, 32

Christmas flower, 32, 78

Christmas Hope, 47

Christophene, 33

Chromolaena odorat, 32

Chrysobalanus icaco, 43

Chrysophyllum cainito, 95

Cicer arietinum, 50

Cigar box wood, 14

Cigar-box cedar, 14

Cissus verticillata, 83

Citharexylum spinosum, 41

Citron, 33, 61, 89

Citronella grass, 60

Citrus aurantiifolia, 61

Citrus aurantium, 94

Citrus maxima, 89

Citrus medica, 33

Citrus sinensis, 98

Citrus x paradisi, 51

Clammy cherry, 53

Climbing okra, 63

Clove, 34

Clovetree, 34

Coastal Aloe, 17

Coccoloba uvifera, 88

Cochlospermum vitifolium, 109

Cock spur, 35

Cockle-bur, 39

Cockroach grass, 104

Cock's comb, 34

Cockscomb, 34

Cockspur, 35

Coco plum, 43

Cocoas tamarind, 85

Coconut, 35

Coco-ravet, 36



Cocos nucifera, 35

Coffea arabica, 36

Coffee, 36

Cola acuminate, 58

Colubrina arborescens, 68

Combretum latifolium, 89

Common floss flower, 32

Common Nettle, 109

Common thyme, 101

Confederate vine, 37

Conga root, 59

Congo pea, 76

Conocarpus erectus, 26

Coral creeper, 37

Coral plant, 75

Coral vine, 37

Corallita, 37

Cordia obliqua, 53

Cordia sebestena, 88

Coribee, 47

Corn, 37

Coton, 38

Coton pays, 38

Cotonnier, 38

Cottonie, 38

Coucu, 16

Cousin Mahoe, 39

Cow tambran, 85

Cowpea, 20

Coyol Palm, 52

Crackopen, 39

Crape myrtle, 40

Creeping Cucumber, 92

Crepe flower, 40

Crested Cockscomb, 34

Cryptostegia grandiflora, 83

Cultivated cockscomb, 34

Cuphea hyssopifolia, 43

Cutlet, 41

Cutlette, 41

Cymbopogon nardus, 60

Da, 59

Dacryodes edulis, 51

Dagger plant, 68

Damsel, 41

Damson, 41

Delonix regia, 44

Desmodium tortuosum, 99

Devil's tree, 90

Dickie tick trefoil, 99

Dildo, 81

Dishcloth gourd, 63

Divi-divi, 58

Divi-Divi, 42

Dixie Tricktrefoil, 99

Dog dumpling, 73

Donkey eye, 58

Double rose hibiscus, 53

Dracaena fragrans, 86

Drooping melonnette, 92

Drumstick tree, 56

Dunk, 97

Duranta erecta, 76

Dypsis lutescens, 17

East Indian walnut, 71

Eben tree, 51

Eggplant, 42

Egyptian star cluster, 96

Egyptian Thorn, 24

Elettaria cardamomum, 28

Elfin herb, 43

Elm leaved turnera, 107

Espinillo, 57

Eugenia uniflora, 31

Euphorbia pulcherrima, 78

Euterpe broadwayi, 71

Fairy tree, 41

False heather, 43

False Sicklepod, 27

Fiddlewood, 41

Figbush, 41

Five finger, 28

Flacourtia ramontchii, 49

Flambeaux, 47

Flamboyante, 44

Flame of the woods, 84

Flame Tree, 44

Flame vine, 44

Flametree, 44

Flax leaf, 45

Flax-leaved paperbark, 45

Flordia fiddlewood, 41

Florida beggarweed, 99

Florida trema, 96

Fonmaje, 90

Forbidden Fruit, 89

Forest dracaena, 86

Forget me not tree, 76

Four o'clock, 45

Four O'Clock Plant, 45

Fragrant dracaena, 86

Frangipani, 46

French cashew, 79

Fromager, 90

Ganjah, 46

Garbanzo bean, 50

Garde place, 66

Garland flower, 25

Garlic root, 59

Gaudeloupe cucumber, 92

Geiger tree, 88

Genip, 91

Ginger lily, 25

Ginger Thomas, 47

Gliricidia, 48

Gliricidia sepium, 48

Glory Bush, 82

Gold dew drop, 76

Gold mohar, 44

Golden apple, 48

Golden Butterfly Palm, 17

Golden Cane Palm, 17

Golden shower, 44

Golden Shower, 49

Gommier a canots, 51

Gommier rouge, 103



Gooseberry, 41

Gospo, 94

Gossypium, 38

Gossypium barbadense, 38

Gouania lupuloides, 31

Gouania polygama, 60

Governor plum, 49

Governor's plum, 49

Gram, 50

Grape, 50

Grapefruit, 51

Gray nickerbean, 58

Gray nickernbean, 58

Great morinda, 73

Green pepper, 32

Greenheart, 68

Grenada Beekeeping Association (GAB), 9

Grey mangrove, 25

Grey nicker, 58

Grommier blanc, 51

Grou grou palm, 52

grudge pea, 66

Grugru, 52

Guaiac tree, 61

Guaiacum officinale, 61

Guamá, 78

Guava, 52

Guazuma ulmifolia, 18

Guinea grain, 93

Guinea Henweed, 59

Gully root, 59

Gum, 53

Gum Arabic tree, 24

Gumbo, 72

Gumbo limbo, 103

Gungo pea, 76

Gwen makwisti, 30

Gwenzye bonwikt,, 58

Gwu sak borik, 58

Haematoxylum campechianum, 27

Hall's honeysuckle, 54

Hawaii, 9

Hedychium coronarium, 25

Hemp, 46

Hetre orme, 18

Hibiscus, 53

Hibiscus rosa sinensis, 53

Hibiscus sabdariffa, 94

Hippomane mancinella, 67

Hog plum, 54, 100

Hog Plum, 43

Hollowheart, 106

Honey, 11

Definition, 11

Honeydew

Definition, 11

Honeysuckle, 54

Honeysuckle Caoe, 55

Horn bean leave sida, 106

Horse bean, 66

Horse cassia, 55

Horse Nicker, 58

Horse radish tree, 56

Horsebean, 57

Horseradish tree, 56

Hue, 22

Hyacinth Bean, 22

Hymenaea courbaril, 63

Ice cream bean, 26

Iguana hackberry, 35

Indian jujube, 97

Indian lilac, 72

Indian mulberry, 73

Indian rubbervine, 83

Indian vine, 31

Inga laurina, 78

Inter-American Institute for Co-operation on Agriculture

(IICA), 9

Ipomoea batatas, 98

Ipomoea nil, 62

Ipomoea pescaprae, 18

Ironwood, 69

Island Joyweed, 84

Ivy-leaved Morning Glory, 62

Ixora, 84

Ixora coccinea, 84

Jack bean, 66

Jack In The Bush, 32

Jack plum, 56

Jackfruit, 23

Jacques-á-chat, 24

Jamaican cabbage tree, 59

Jamaican Horse bean, 66

Jamaican nettletree, 57

Jambolan, 56

Jambos, 80

Jamon, 56

Jamun, 56

Japanese honeysuckle, 54

Japanese morning glory, 62

Jatropha, 75

Jatropha curcas, 75

Java plum, 54, 56

Jerusalem thorn, 57

Jiwof fle, 21

Jujube, 97

Jumbie apple, 36

Jumbie Bead, 59

June plum, 48

Jungle flame, 84

Jungle geranium, 84

kach kach, 58

Kale, 26

Kampech, 27

Kanhigh, John, 9

Kannik, 58

Kapok, 90

Kapokier, 90

Kas, 107

Kassod tree, 107

Key lime, 61

Kigelia pinnata, 87

Kiklet, 41

Koklet, 41

Kola nut, 58

Konik, 58



Kudjoe root, 59

La belle, 37

Ladies tongue, 71

Ladies tounge, 71

Lady's fingers, 72

Lagenaria siceraria, 22

Lagerstroemia indica, 40

Laguncularia racemosa, 105

L'angelin, 59

Langua-a-via-femme, 71

Lantana, 21

Lantana camara, 22

Largeleaf geigertree, 88

Lebbeck, 71

Lemon grass, 60

Leucaena, 104

Leucaena leucocephala, 104

Liane-savon, 60

Lignum vitae, 61

Lilac, 75

Lime, 61

Lippia alba, 86

Lipstick tree, 16

Liseron bleu, 62

Litchi, 62

Litchi chinensis, 62

Locus, 63

Logwood, 27

Long-staple cotton, 38

Lonicera japonica, 54

Loofah, 63

Lucky nut, 64

Luffa aegyptiaca, 63

Lychee, 62

Macata, 104

Macata-Bourse, 104

Madagascar jasmine, 64

Madagascar palm, 17

Madras thorn, 65

Mahogany, 65

Maize, 37

Malabar plum, 80

Malay apple, 66, 79

Malaysian apple, 79

Maljoe, 66

Malvaviscus arboreus, 91

Mamon, 74

Mamoncillo, 91

Manchineel, 67

Mangifera indica, 67

Mango, 67

Manila tamarind, 65

Manilkara zapota, 87

Mapou, 90

Margosa Tree, 72

Marvel-of-peru, 45

Massav, 85

Maube bark, 68

Medecin plant, 68

Melaleuca linariifolia, 45

Melia azedarach, 82

Melicoccus bijugatus, 91

Melon tree, 74

Melonette, 92

Melothria pendula, 92

Mesquite, 69

Mexican cedar, 14

Mexican heather, 43

Mexican lime, 61

Mexican Palo Verde, 57

Mexican poppy, 81

Mexican prickly poppy, 81

Mexicane, 37

Mille Fleurs, 21

Millet, 93

Mirabilis jalapa, 45

Miss Rebecca, 37

Mombain, 54

Monkey bush, 69

Monkey dumpling, 73

Monkey pod, 65

Monval, 104

Moonga, 56

Morinda citrifolia, 73

Moringa, 56

Moringa oleifera, 56

Moses-in-a-boat, 70

Moses-in-the-cradle, 70

Mother of cocoa, 48

Mother-in-law's tongue, 71

Mountain apple, 66

Mountain cabbage, 74

Mountain palm, 74

Mountin gommier, 51

Musa paradisiaca, 77

Musk Ochra, 72

Mustard, 26

Mutamba, 18

Myristica fragans, 73

Naked Indian, 103

Naseberry, 87

National Development Foundation (NDF), 10

Native Pear, 51

Naval orange, 98

Nectar

Definition, 11

Needle flower, 84

Neem, 72

Nicker nut, 58

Nicotiana tabacum, 101

Nim, 72

Noni, 73

Nosegay, 46

Nutmeg, 73

Nyack, Aman, 9

Ohia, 79

Okra, 72

Opuntia stricta var. dillenii, 81

Otaheite Gooseberry, 41

Otaheite plum, 48

Oyster plant, 70

Pagoda Tree, 46

Pain killer tree, 73

Pak choy, 26

Palay rubbervine, 83

Palm



Bamboo, 17

Batokoa, 49

Golden Butterfly, 17

Golden Cane, 17

Madagascar, 17

Yellow butterfly, 17

Palma Christi, 30

Palmiste chou, 74

Palo De Burro, 59

Pandora vine, 80

Papaya, 74

Paperback, 45

Paprika, 32

Parkinsonia aculeata, 57

Pawpaw, 74

Pear, 16

Pedilanthus tithymaloides, 92

Pega-pega, 99

Pen plant, 83

Pendula, 41

Pentas lanceolata, 96

Persea americana, 16

Persian lilac, 82

Petiveria alliacea, 59

Petrea, 75

Petrea volubilis, 75

Pharbitis seeds, 62

Phyllanthus acidus, 41

Physic nut, 75

Pigeon berry, 76

Pigeon pea, 76

Pigeon wood, 18

Pimenta dioica, 15

Pimento, 15

Pin tree, 90

Pink Poui, 77

Pink shower, 55

Pink trumpet tree, 80

Pink Trumpet tree, 105

Pink Trumpet Tree, 77

Piquant, 24

Pis-a-bed, 21

Pitanga, 31

Pithecellobium dulce, 65

Plantain, 77

Plumeria rubra, 46

Podranea ricasoliana, 80

Poinciana, 44

Poinsettia, 78

Pois doux, 26

Pois Doux, 78

Poison apple, 67

Polianthes tuberosa, 102

Pomecythere, 48

Pomegranate, 79

Pomelo, 89

Pomerac, 79

Pomme Malac, 79

Pomme rose, 80

Pomme surrette, 97

Pork chives, 26

Pork fat, 43

Port St. John creeper, 80

Portia tree, 102

Prestoea acuminata var. montana, 74

Prickly pear, 81

Prickly poppy, 81

Prickly Poppy, 81

Pride of India, 82

Princess flower, 82

Propolis

Definition, 12

Latex, 12

Resin, 12

Prosopis juliflora, 69

Psidium guayava, 52

Pudding bush, 83

Punica granatum, 79

Purging cassia, 49

Purple Allamanda, 83

Purple begonia, 19

Purple Glory Tree, 82

Pye gwen, 30

Pyrostegia venusta, 44

Queen's crepe myrtle, 40

Queen's wreath, 75

Quiabo, 72

Quick stick, 48

Rabbit meat, 84

Railroad vine, 18

Raintree, 85

Ramgoat Bush, 21

Ramontchi, 49

Rattan, 60

Red cedar, 14

Red chilli, 32

Red Frangipani, 46

Red gram, 76

Red head plant, 24

Red Ixora, 84

Red mangrove, 85

Red sage, 21

Red sorrell, 94

Red Star Glory, 62

Redbird flower, 92

Retaima, 57

Rhizophora mangle, 85

Ricin, 30

Ricinus communis, 30

River algarrobo, 69

Rose apple, 80

Rose of china, 53

Roselle, 94

Roucouyer, 16

Rourou, 16

Royal ponciana, 44

Rubber vine, 83

Rubbervine, 83

Rucu, 16

Saccharum officinarum, 97

Sacky sac bean, 78

Sacred ixora, 84

Safou, 51

Sage

Black, 21

Red, 21



Wild, 21

Yellow, 21

Salem, Amir, 9

Salem, Paul, 9

Saman tree, 85

Samann, 85

Sand dragon, 86

Sandpaper vine, 75

Santa maria, 86

Sapindus saponaria, 93

Sapodilla, 87

Sapote, 87

Sauge, 21

Sausage tree, 87

Sauteurs, St. Patrick, 9

Scarlet Cordia, 88

Scarlet Jungleflame, 84

Scarlet milkweed, 24

Scented-pod acacia, 24

Sea grape, 88

Sea island cotton, 38

Sea lemon, 100

Sea-island cotton, 38

Seaside grape, 88

Seaside grapes, 88

Seaside mahoe, 102

Seasonvine, 83

Sechium edule, 33

Senna multijuga, 27

Senna siamea, 107

Seville, 94

Seville orange, 94

Shack-shack, 71, 104

Shaddock, 89

Shoeblackplant, 53

Shoe-flower, 53

Shore grape, 88

Showy combretum, 89

Siamese cassia, 107

Siamweed, 32

Sideroxylon salicifolium, 99

Sierran Palm, 74

Silk cotton tree, 90

Silk cottontree, 109

Silk-cotton tree, 90

Silkweed, 24

Silver-leaved Buttonwood, 25

Siris, 71

Sisal, 90

Skin-up, 91

Skyflower, 76

Sleeping Hibiscus, 91

Sleepy morning, 69

Slender joyweed, 84

Slipper flower, 92

Slipper plant, 92

Small wild cucumber, 92

Small-leaved Mahogany, 65

Snake bitters, 83

Snake vine, 83

Snakebark, 68

Soap bush, 68

Soapberry, 93

Soaptree, 68

Solanum melongena, 42

Sorghum, 93

Sorghum bicolor, 93

Sorrell, 94

Sour Orange, 94

Souther sida, 106

Spanish bayonet, 68

Spanish cedar, 14

Spanish lime, 91

Spider flower, 95

Spikeweed, 103

Spiny spiderflower, 95

Spondias dulcis, 48

Spondias mombin, 54

Sponge gourd, 63

Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, 103

Star apple, 95

Star clusters, 96

Star fruit, 28

Stephanotis floribunda, 64

Sticky cherry, 96

Stinging Nettle, 109

Stink tree, 97

Stinking toe, 55, 63

Suninam cherry, 31

Surette, 97

Sweet broom, 106

Sweet cassia, 29

Sweet Chilli, 32

Sweet Orange, 98

Sweet pepper, 32

Sweet potato, 98

Sweet Prickly-pear, 81

Sweet wood, 99

Sweetheart, 99

Swietenia mahagoni, 65

Sword bean, 66

Syzygium aqueum, 66

Syzygium aromaticum, 34

Syzygium cumini, 56

Syzygium jambos, 80

Syzygium malaccense, 79

Tabebuia heterophylla, 105

Tabebuia rosea, 77

Tamarin, 108

Tamarin Bord-de-mer, 108

Tamarind, 108

Tamarindus indica, 108

Tamrin batard, 104

Tanmanwen, 108

Tarenaya spinose, 95

Tea weed, 106

Teak, 100

Tecoma capensis, 55

Tecoma stans, 47

Tectona grandis, 100

Temple tree, 46

Terminalia bellerica, 20

Terminalia catappa, 15

Thespesia populneoides, 102

Thevetia peruviana, 64

Three Men In A Boat, 70



Thyme, 101

Thymus vulgaris, 101

Tibouchina semidecandra, 82

Tick trefoil, 99

Tiguilote, 96

Tobacco, 101

Tourist tree, 103

Tradescantia spathacea, 70

Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina, 104

Tree of Heaven, 82

Tree of Life, 61

Trema micrantha, 57

Trema micranthum, 96

Tropical green pea, 76

Tropical Milkweed, 24

Trumpet flower, 55

Trumpet flowers, 47

Tuberose, 102

Tulip tree, 102

Turkscap, 91

Turnera angustifolia, 107

Turnip, 26

Turpentine tree, 103

Urena lobata, 39

Urtica dioica, 109

Velvet leaf, 69

Ven-Ven, 103

Vervain, 103

Vigna unguiculata subsp. Unguiculata, 20

Vitis, 50

Waltheria indica, 69

Wandering Jew, 104

Warri, 58

Water liana, 83

Watery Rose Apple, 66

Wax apple, 66

Wax Mallow, 91

West Indian Aloe, 17

West indian birch, 103

West Indian birch, 103

West Indian Cedar, 14

West Indian elm, 18

West Indian holly, 107

West Indian Lantana, 21

West Indian lime, 61

West indian mahogany, 65

West Indian Mimosa, 104

West Indian Walnut, 59

West Indies cedar, 105

Western soapberry, 93

White Angel Trumpet, 16

White Bully, 99

White cedar, 82, 105

White flower gourd, 22

White Garland-lily, 25

White Leadtree, 104

White mangrove, 105

White poui, 105

White snake root, 32

Wild cucumber, 92

Wild honeytree, 36

Wild ipecacuanha, 24

Wild Ipecacuanha, 24

Wild Mimosa, 104

Wild sage, 21

Wild tamarind, 104

Wild Tobacco, 106

Wingleaf soapberry, 93

Wireweed, 106

Women's tongue, 71

Wonder bean, 66

World Food Day Celebrations, 10

Woucou, 16

Ximenia americana, 100

Yaw weed, 73

Yellow (shade) Cassia, 107

Yellow Ader, 107

Yellow alder, 107

Yellow butterfly palm, 17

Yellow Cedar, 47

Yellow Coconut, 52

Yellow Elder, 47

Yellow Flamboyante, 108

Yellow oleander, 64

Yellow plum, 48, 100

Yellow sage, 21

Yellow silk shell seed, 109

Yepa, 72

Yucca aloifloila, 68

Zaboca, 16

Zabocaud, 16

Zea mays, 37

Zimbabwe Creeper, 80

Ziziphus maurtiana, 97

Zuti, 109

Zwamp cedar, 14

z'yuex a chatte, 58

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