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Dependable SmartHomes for Society 5.0 The Third INternational Conference on
InformaTics, Engineering, Science and Technology (INCITEST)by UNIversitas KOMputer Indonesia (UNIKOM), Bandung, Indonesia
11 June 2020
Yuto LIM (Ph.D., Kyoto Univ.)
Wireless, Sensor and Energy (WiSE) LaboratoryJapan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST)
Keynote Speaker
Dependable SmartHomes for Society 5.0
Outline1. Introduction
o Society 5.0, Cyber‐Physical Systems, Smart Homes, Dependability
2. Backgroundo Smart Home Environment: iHouse, ECHONET
3. Our Research Activitieso Cyber‐Physical Home Systems (CPHS), Cyber‐Physical Human Centric Systems (CPHCS)
4. Conclusion
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1.1 The Road to Society 5.0
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Society 5.0Super‐smart Society
Society 4.0Information Society
Society 3.0Industrial
Society 2.0Agricultural
Society 1.0Hunting & Gathering
Source: Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, “Realizing society 5.0, “ [online] https://www.cao.go.jp/index‐e.html
1. Introduction
Dependable SmartHomes for Society 5.0
1.2 What Makes Japan Possible?
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To overcome social challenges such as a decrease in the productive‐age population, aging of local communities and energy and environmental issues ahead of other nations by
improving productivity and creating new value markets
New Society 5.0 model to the rest of the world
Abundant accumulation of real datao Based on health and medical data from a
universal health care system and a wealth of operating data from numerous manufacturing facilities, Japan has rich collection in real and usable raw data for use in the current market economy and industry
Technology cultivated from “物作り”o Japan’s advanced technology that
cultivated from “monozukuri” (means manufacturing of things) and years of basic research, will work as advantages toward creating products using information technologies like Big Data and AI, which can be released into the society
1. Introduction
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1.3 Solutions in Society 5.0
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[Problem] Aging society ahead of other countries
o Japan is suffering from increasing medical and social security expenses and demands for caring for the elderly people
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Healthcare
Before
Before
[Solution] Connect and share information between medical data users including medical checkup
records, effective treatment and nursing care records Put remote medical care services into practice – elderly people will no longer visit hospital
frequently Use AI and robots at nursing‐care facilities to extend people’s healthy life expectancy
After
After
[Solution] Promote use of autonomous driving taxis and buses for public transportation to make rural
transportation more readily available Improve distribution and logistics efficiency by introducing innovations such as a single
driver cargo truck in a convoy using unmanned‐following‐vehicle system and delivery drones
After
After
[Problem] Underpopulated rural areas lack access
to public transportationo Fast growing e‐commerce segment has
seen a shortage of driver
Mobility
Before
Before
1. Introduction
Dependable SmartHomes for Society 5.0
1.4 Toward Society 5.0 Revolution
around1780
around1870
around1970 2010
90 years 100 years 40 years
Mechanical production systematically using the power of water and stream
IndustrialRevolution Centralized electric
power infrastructure and mass production by division of labor
PowerRevolution Digital computing
and communication technology, enhancing system’s intelligence
DigitalRevolution Everybody and
everything is networked: Networked info. as a “huge brain”
InformationRevolution
Local to global shift
Local to global shift
o First 3 revolutions came about as a result of mechanization, electricity and ITo Internet of Things (IoT) introduces to steer a fourth revolution, which solves some of
the today challenges, like resource and energy efficiency, urban production, and demographic change
Source: Henning Kagermann et al. Acatech, 2013
1. Introduction
Sunday, June 7, 2020 Yuto LIM (Ph.D.)
Super Smart Society
with IoT, CPS, AI, Big Data, Robot, Quantum Computing
Society 5.0Revolution
Future
20? years
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Society 3.0Industrial
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1.4.1 History and Terms
TeleautomationCybernetics
Apollo guidance computer, which is one of the first embedded systems
Ubiquitous computing
IoT
Source: Abstracted from S. Jeschke, RWTH Aachen Univ., “CPS – History, presence and future,” 27 February 2013
19261948
19991988
1961Charles D. Draper
Mark Weiser
Kevin Ashton
Nikola Tesla
Norbert Wiener
2006
Helen GillNSF, USA
1. Introduction
CPS are physical, biological, and engineered systems whose operations are integrated, monitored, and/or controlled by a computational core
o Components are networked at every scaleo Computing is deeply embedded into every physical component,
possibly even into materialso Computational core is an embedded system, usually demands
real‐time response, and is most often distributed
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1.5 What is Cyber‐Physical Systems?
Figure: Overview of Cyber‐Physical Systems
1. Introduction
[2008, Edward A. Lee] CPS is a system featuring a tight combination of, and coordination between
o system’s computational and physical elements
[2008, S. Shankar Sastry] CPS uses computations and communication deeply embedded in and interacting with physical processes to add new capabilities to physical system
o from miniscule to large‐scale systems
o dependably, safely, securely, efficiently and in real‐time
Networks
Real Space
Cyber Space
Object Domain
InformationActuating
Physical Sensing
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Interaction via sensors + actuators Operations of systems are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing + communication core
Source: E.A. Lee, “CPS: Design challenges,” Int. Symp. on Object/Component/Service‐Oriented Real‐Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), 2008
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1.5.1 Size and Scale
Embedded Systemse.g., airbag
Networked Embedded Systemse.g., autonomous aviation
CPSe.g., intelligent networked road junction
IoT, Data and Servicese.g., smart transportation
Source: Acatech 2011
IoTCPS
EmbeddedSystems
1. Introduction
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1.5.2 Critical‐Specific Applications
Applications of CPS areo Time‐critical, massive‐critical, and mission‐critical
Applications of IoT areo Event‐critical, massive‐critical, mission‐critical, and also method‐critical
Privacy‐, security‐ and safety‐critical are required for both
1. Introduction
Massive-critical
Time-critical
Smallish-critical
Event-critical
Mission-critical
Method-critical
Air traffic controlsystems (ATCS)
Power grid distribution Industrial automation
Remote Surgeon Vehicle traffic control
Medical Monitoring Agriculture Monitoring
Product Tracking
Inventory Management
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1.5.3 Most Popular IoT Applications
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Source: Abstracted from IoT Online Store, Smart Office, Smart Home and Smart Cities, Available: https://www.iotonlinestore.com/ [online]
IoT Web 1.0 was about computers connecting to their data Web 2.0 was about people connecting to their data Web 3.0 is about everything connecting to everything
IoT optimizes operations, boosts productivity and saves in resources and costs
IoT explores endless combinations of applications
1. Introduction
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1.6 What is Smart Homes?
Figure: 3D printed house
1. Introduction
In 1984, smart home is firstly used by the American Association of House Builders (now National Association of House Builders)
Definition Home‐like environment that possesses ambient intelligence
and automatic control, in which it responds to the behavior of residents with various facilities [2012, L.C. De Silva et al.]
o providing convenience, improving security, saving energy, and enriching home care for the elderly and disabled people
Source: Architect WATG, 2018
Source: L.C. De Silva, C. Morikawa, and I.M. Petra, “State of the art of smart homes,” Elsevier J. Eng. Appl. of Artificial Intell., vol.25, no.7, pp.1313–1321, 2012
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1.6.1 Smart Homes Challenges
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1. Introduction
Figure: Market by products for 2016 and 2025
Source: Inkwood Research. Global Smart Homes Market by Products. [Available] https://www.inkwoodresearch.com/reports/global‐smart‐homes‐market‐2017‐2025/
Market Forecast 2017‐2025o Security = largest market share in 2016
o Energy anticipates to grow at the fastest CAGR of 21.5%
o HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) control system anticipates to grow at a CAGR of 14.41% Energy Efficient +
Thermal Comfort
Energy HVAC
Entertainment
Security
LightingHealthOthers
2016 2025
CAGR = compound annual growth rate / average growth rate per year
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1.6.2 Dependability Challenges
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Smart Phone
ElectricVehicle
SmartGrid
Cloud
HomeGateway
SmartHomes
Smart Meter
SolarPanel
WindTurbine
FuelCell
StorageBattery
MonitoringSystem
Energy Generation
Home Appliance
Human Interface
Laptop
Tablet
Controller
CommunicationSystem
Energy Supply
Sensor & Actuator
Connectivity among the components Energy provision to all the sensors and actuators Service and operational failures
No 100%Availability
&Reliability
1. Introduction
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1.7 What is Dependability?
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Depe
ndab
ility
Availability
Reliability
Maintainability, Safety, and Integrity
is the ability of a system to deliver a justifiably trusted serviceo probability that a system is operational at any given point in time
o is a measure which is defined as the probability of a system is proper andimproper functioning at time t
o probability that a system works correctly during the entire interval (0,t]
o is a measure used to characterize if a system is properly working its specifications during a specific period
MTTF = mean time to failure, MTTR = mean time to repair, FIT = failure in time
MTTRMTTFMTTFtyAvailabili
MTTFFIT 1
1. Introduction
Source: A. Avizienis, J.C. Laprie, B. Randell, and C. Landwehr, “Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing,” IEEE Trans. on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1‐23, 2004
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1.7.1 Dependable CPS Applications In CPS, dependability can be classified at two
interdependent levels that, combined, can provide a trustworthy platform for building applications
o Infrastructure dependability – how dependable are the components (e.g., sensors, networks, actuators, computing/storage, and software) in the presence of diverse failures that may lead to disruptions
o Information dependability – how dependable is the information generated by the infrastructure given errors/uncertainty in information input (e.g., sensor readings) and data analysis mechanisms
Reflective approach explores an “observe‐analyze‐adapt” of closed loop control that is a driving philosophy in CPS applications, e.g.,
o Building personal thermal comfort in smart homes
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1. Introduction
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1.7.2 Does our House is Dependable?
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Figure: Tateana‐shiki (pit‐style dwelling) house
Figure: Ordinary house Figure: Zero energy house Figure: 3D printed house
DependableSecure/Save
EfficientConvenient
HighLow
LowHigh
Neighborhooding Sharing/Caring
Cheap
1. Introduction
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2.1 Smart Home Environment: iHouse i = ishikawa, internetted, inspiring, and intelligent
Advanced experimental environment for future smart homes in Japan
ECHONET Lite v1.1 > 300 sensors & actuators
Figure: Outside view of iHouse
2. Background
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2.1.1 Layout Plan of iHouse
Figure: Layout plan of iHouse
2. Background
1st Floor 2nd Floor
Kitchen
Living and Dining Room Japanese StyleRoom
Master Room
Bedroom B
Bedroom A
Hall
ToiletDown
ToiletWashroom
Hall
Server room
Entrance
Bathroom
Side Door
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2.1.2 Location of iHouse
Figure: System throughput of 2 nodes versus their distance
iHouse
Ishikawa Create Laboratory
Solar Panel
2kW (40㎡)
North
Figure: Geographical location of iHouse
2. Background
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2.1.3 Photovoltaic & Fuel Cell2. Background
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Fuel cell capacity is 0.7 kW using 2 LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)
Solar panel generation capacity is max. 2.0 kW
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2.1.4 Outlets and Windows
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ECHONET Circuit Part for Driving Motor
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
Normal Outlet
Experiment Outlet
2. Background
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2.1.5 Indoor Sensors
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Motion Sensor
Door Open/Close Detection Sensor
Temperature & Brightness Sensor
2. Background
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2.1.6 Outdoor Sensors
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Rain & Snow Gauge
Thermometer& Hygrometer
Sunshine Recorder
Aerovane (Wind Speed & Direction)
Luminometer
2. Background
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2.1.7 Curtain
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Curtain Automatic Motor
Communication Module
Driving Motor Module
2. Background
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2.1.8 Air‐conditioner
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WiFi Communication
Adapter
2. Background
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2.1.9 Light (DC Powered LED)
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2. Background
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2.2 ECHONET
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ECHONET stands for Energy Conservation and Homecare Network In Dec. 1997, ECHONET consortium was established
o 6 promoter members: Toshiba, Panasonic, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Sharp and TEPCO
o Goal is to build home networks that systematically enable energy, security, and medical care
In Jan. 2009, ECHONET that became a de jure standard was ratified by IEC and ISO
In 2011, ECHONET Lite was released and was approved as an international standard in 2015
o Object concept is remaining, but the protocol is quite differento ECHONET specifies OSI layers 1‐7 and ECHONET Lite specifies OSI layers
5‐7o ECHONET uses ECHONET address and ECHONET Lite uses IP or MAC
address In 2018, the ECHONET‐ready devices have reached a total of 76.58
million units
2. Background
TEPCO = Tokyo Electric Power Company IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission ISO = International Organization for Standardization
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2.2.1 ECHONET Basic Model
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Basic modelo Controller accesses to a variety of deviceso Controller is programmable to send out a
notification according to the specified conditions through any communication media
Various devices are modeled as ‘object’ It is not depend on the communication media It is able to handle any lower‐layer
2. Background
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Communicationmiddleware
Transmission medium (MAC layer)
Application software
ProfileObject
DeviceObject
Transmission medium (physical layer)e.g., wireless, wired, PLC, etc.
Standards for ECHONET Lite
Controller
System A System B
Device
HGW
HGW Home GatewayDomain
HGW
Non‐ECHONETSystem
HGW
Other Domains
Figure: System Architecture
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2.2.2 Major Changes in ECHONET Lite
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Remove ECHONET addresso IP address is used by lower‐layer to identify ECHONET node
Add SetGet service Introduce transaction ID (TID) Reduce the message structure
o Old has 12 types of format, new has only one format typePlain message
Secure messageBasic format
Compound format
SEOJ onlyDEOJ only
SEOJ & DEOJ× × Regular message SEOJ & DEOJ×
EHD TID SEOJ DEOJ ESV OPC EPC1 PDC1 EDT1 ・・・
EHD :ECHONET Lite message header (1 byte)TID :transaction ID (1 byte)SEOJ :specifies source ECHONET Lite object (3 bytes)DEOJ :specifies destination ECHONET Lite object (3 bytes)ESV :ECHONET Lite service (1 byte)OPC :number of processing properties (1 byte)EPC :ECHONET Lite property (1 byte)PDC :property data counter (1 byte)EDT :property value data
2. Background
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2.2.3 ECHONET Lite Objects
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Class Group Devices
Sensor-related Device Class Group
gas leak sensor, crime prevention sensor, emergency button, first-aid sensor, earthquake sensor, electric leak sensor, human detection sensor, visitor sensor,call sensor, condensation sensor, air pollution sensor, oxygen sensor, luminance sensor, sound sensor, mailing sensor, weight sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, rain sensor, water level sensor, bath water level sensor, bath heating status sensor, water leak sensor, water overflow sensor, fire sensor, cigarette smoke sensor, CO2 sensor, gas sensor, VOC sensor, differential pressure sensor, air speed sensor, odor sensor, flame sensor, electric energy sensor, current value sensor, water flow rate sensor, micromotion sensor, passage sensor, bed presence sensor, open/close sensor, activity amount sensor, human body location sensor, snow sensor
Air Conditioner-related Device Class Grouphome air conditioner, air conditioner ventilation fan, air cleaner, humidifier, electric heater, Fan heater, package-type commercial air conditioner (indoor unit), package-type commercial air conditioner (outdoor unit)
Housing/Facilities-related Device Class Group
electrically operated shade, electric shutter, electric storm window, sprinkler (for garden), off peak electric water heater, electric toilet seat (warm-water washing toilet seat, heating toilet seat, etc.), electric lock, instantaneous water heater, bathroom heater and dryer, household solar power generation, cold or hot water heat source equipment, floor heater, watt-hour meter, gas meter, LP gas meter, general lighting, buzzer
Cooking/Household-related Device Class Groupelectric hot water pot (electric thermos), refrigerator, combination microwave oven (electronic oven), cooking heater, rice cooker, washing machine, washer and dryer
Health-related Device Class Group weighing machineManagement/Operation-related Device Class Group no objects defined now
Audiovisual-related Device Class Group display, television
2. Background
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3.1 Cyber‐Physical Home Systems
Cyber‐Physical Home Systems (CPHS) that offer residents to live more cost‐effective, comfortable, convenient, and secure using cyber‐physical systems approach
Summer Winter
SensorSensor
Window
Airconditioner
ServerGatewaySink
Internet
Sensing
Actuating
Inside28C
Inside20C
Outside37C
Outside0C
Inside
Outside
Winter
Summer
Control
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3. Our Research Activities
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3.2 Block Diagram of CPHS
Data Storage
WirelessSensor and
ActuatorNetwork
Sensor Domain
Temperature
Wind speed
Solar radiationOutdoor parameters
Indoor parameters
Wind speed
Temperature
Actuator Domain
TemperatureSetting
Sensor
Air-conditionerCurtain
Window
Physical WorldCyber World
Control Domain
Controller
Computation
Error Temperature Decision
Data transferring Sensing Actuating
Control Signal
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3. Our Research Activities
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3.3 Goal of EETCC System [Goal] To reduce energy consumption while satisfying the
thermal comfort level of residents in timely manner by using air‐conditioner, window, and curtain
o Use the natural resources for thermal comfort by opening window and/or curtain
Outside condition meetsthermal comfort level
Outside condition did not meetthermal comfort level
Air-conditioner
Window Curtain
EETCC = energy efficient thermal comfort control
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3. Our Research Activities
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3.4 System Model of EETCC
JAIST Network
iHouse
Sensors
Curtain &Window
Air‐conditioner
VPN Server
VPN Client
ECHONET Message Abstraction
EETC
C
MySQLDatabase
Controller
Data Process Daemon
(UDP)
ECHONETDevice Control
Tunneling
Desired Value
Output Value+
_Controller Plant
(iHouse)
Data Transferring
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3. Our Research Activities
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3.5 Our Research Activities
2011
HoTC = Home Temperature ControlHyTC = Hybrid Temperature ControlEETCC = Energy Efficient Thermal Comfort ControlPID = Proportional Integral DerivativeMPC = Model Predictive ControlPTC = Personal Thermal Comfort
2013
Shein Wai Wai(2011-2014) PhD
HoTC/PIDNew
EETCC was founded
Cheng Zhuo(2012-2013) MSc
HyTC/PIDNew
EETCC/PIDNew
Ooi Sian En(2017-2019) MSc
EETCC/MPCControllability
Chung Thuy Linh(2015) MSc
HoTC/PIDHeterogeneous Sensing
Ooi Sian En(2016) Internship
EETCC/PIDReal Implementation
Cheng Zhuo(2013-2017) PhD
EETCC/PIDScheduling
Li Cheng(2016-2018) MSc
EETCC/PIDData Availability
EETCC/PTCNew
Fang Yuan(2016-2020) PhD
EETCC/MPCTime Task Model
Sunday, June 7, 2020 Yuto LIM (Ph.D.)
3. Our Research Activities
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3.6 Our Concept of CPHC Framework
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Applications
Network Fabric
Systems &Devices
Com
puta
tion
Mod
ule Task Model
Time Task Model
Sche
dule
r
Time ModelTime Delay Model
Systems & Devices
Control Delay
Computation Delay
Communication DelayDatabase C
ontro
l Mod
ule Control
Algorithm
FeedbackControl
PredictiveControl
Communication ModuleSynchronization Protocol Connectivity
Inte
ract
ions
Human
Sensing Actuating
Cyber World
Physical World
Cyber-Physical Human Centric (CPHC) FrameworkHuman Factors Module Physiological
FactorPsychological Factor Social
Factor
Inte
rMod
ule
3. Our Research Activities
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3.6.1 Implementation of EETCC/PTC
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3. Our Research Activities
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3.6.2 Data Training and Setup
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Table: Brief step of experiment
3. Our Research Activities
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3.6.3 Thermal Sensation
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EETCC/PTCImproves
25.9%
3. Our Research Activities
Dependable SmartHomes for Society 5.0
3.6.4 Energy Consumption
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EETCC/PTC
EETCC/PTCImproves
30.5%
3. Our Research Activities
Dependable SmartHomes for Society 5.0
4.1 Concluding Remarks Summaries
o Presented the CPS approach for smart home environment
o Introduced the our most up‐to‐date research works, i.e., CPHC framework
Collaboration workso Partners who can collaborate together in the fields of CPS/IoT/Smart Grid/Future Wireless and if possible partners who can also work to realize Society 5.0 together
4. Conclusion
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Sunday, June 7, 2020 Yuto LIM (Ph.D.)
Thank you for your [email protected]
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Human-centered Society