home remodeling green building guidelineshome remodeling the alameda county waste management...

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINESHOME REMODELING

The Alameda County Waste Management Authority & Source Reduction and Recycling Board

The Alameda County Waste Management Authorityis a public joint-powers agency comprised of theCounty of Alameda, each of the fourteen citieswithin the county, and two sanitary districts thatalso provide refuse collection services. The Authorityis governed by a Board of Directors made up ofelected officials, primarily mayors and city councilmembers, appointed by each member agency.Funding is derived solely from waste disposal andwaste import mitigation fees collected at theAltamont, Tri-Cities, and Vasco Road landfillsites. The agency receives no general tax funds.

Together with its specialized arm – the AlamedaCounty Source Reduction and Recycling Board –the Authority offers a wide range of programs inthe areas of public education, green building,recycled product procurement, waste reduction,market development and technical assistance.

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to the following building professionalsfor their commitment, input and direction indeveloping these Guidelines:

Development Committee 2003

Seth Melchert Master Builders

Michael McCutcheonMcCutcheon Construction Inc.

Dennis and Connie McCullahOdin’s Hammer

Mercedes CorbellMercedes Corbell Design & Architecture

Marc Richmond Austin Energy

Project Team

Alameda County Waste Management Authority & Source Reduction and Recycling Board

777 Davis Street, Ste. 100San Leandro, CA 94577510.614.1699 tel 510.614.1698 faxwww.stopwaste.orgContact: Meri Soll or Karen Kho

What’s Working

57 Acorn LaneBoulder, CO 80304303.444.7044 tel303.444.7013 faxwww.whatsworking.comContact: David Johnston

Disclaimer

The information provided in these Guidelines should be considered by

contractors, architects and other professionals, as well as owners, in the

course of designing and constructing new or modified structures. They are

provided as a public service by the Alameda County Waste Management

Authority and Recycling Board in an attempt to provide environmental

benefits and reduce costs. The Guidelines are not a substitute for the

exercise of sound judgement in particular circumstances and are not

intended as recommendations for particular products or processes.

Design: Celery Design Collaborative/Berkeley, CA Printing: 100% post-consumer recycled paper using soy-based inks. January 2004

These Guidelines are designed for professional contractors and homeowners

The Guidelines offer:

• Cost-effective suggestions to minimize construction-related waste, create healthierand more durable homes, reduce operating costs for homeowners and support local manufacturers and suppliers of resource-efficient building materials.

• Methods to reduce the impacts of building in Alameda County communities; including solid waste management, water conservation, energy efficiency and resource conservation.

The practices contained in these Guidelines were selected for their viability in today’s market and their ability to promote sustainable building. Builders using this booklet will differentiate themselves in the marketplace while protecting our environment.

The Guidelines were developed through a partnership among local developers, architects, contractors, green building experts and staff of the Alameda County Waste ManagementAuthority and Recycling Board.

Agency Involvement

Construction and demolition debris comprise up to 30% of materials disposed inCalifornia landfills. The Alameda County Waste Management Authority and RecyclingBoard is working in partnership with the construction and building industry on ways toreduce this waste stream. Through job site recycling, efficient use of materials, use ofrecycled-content building materials and similar practices, the Green Building Guidelinesprovide an effective tool to decrease the amount of materials that ends up in landfills.

Construction Waste Generated from a 2,000 Square Foot New Home

Trash 2.0 tons

Gypsum 1.7 tons

Metals 0.33 tons

Concrete* 1.2 tons

Cardboard 0.78 tons

Wood 6.9 tons

TOTAL 12.91 tons

Source: Alameda County Waste Management Authority Case Study of Citation Homes (1999)* Concrete figure includes waste generated by sidewalk pour.

1. OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING 5

Introduction 6Benefits of Green Building 8

2. GREEN POINTS 9

3. GREEN BUILDING METHODS AND MATERIALS 14

A. Site 15B. Foundation 19C. Structural Frame 20D. Exterior Finish 23E. Plumbing 25F. Electrical 27G. Appliances 28H. Insulation 29I. Windows 31J. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 33K. Renewable Energy and Roofing 38L. Natural Heating and Cooling 40M. Indoor Air Quality / Finishes 41N. Flooring 44

4. SUMMARY OF GREEN BUILDING BENEFITS 46

5. GREEN REMODELING ILLUSTRATIONS 51

New Addition 52Second Floor 54Bathroom 56Kitchen 58

GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS LISTING (supplementary insert)

Table of Contents

This section gives an overview of the basic concepts and

elements of green building. Contractors can use the

Guidelines as a way to describe green building practices

and benefits – highlighting the unique expertise and

services they can provide to the homeowner. Homeowners

can use the Guidelines to gain information on green building

options and to define the objectives of their project.

Chapter One:

Overview of Green Building

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Natural Resource Conservation

Conventional building practices consume largequantities of wood, plastic, cardboard, paper,water and other natural resources that lead –unnecessarily – to their depletion.

For example, wood is one of the most commonbuilding materials, but is often used wastefully. Wehave already harvested 95% of the nation’s old-growth forests – a trend that simply cannot continue.Engineered lumber products such as wood I-joists,wood fiber laminates and oriented strand board,utilize fast growing farm trees as an alternativeto old-growth forests. These products can use aslittle as 50% of the wood fiber to perform the samestructural functions and are typically stronger,straighter and lighter than solid-sawn lumber.

Remodelers have a rapidly expanding range ofgreen building materials from which to choose.Recycled-content decking, insulation, reclaimedlumber and other products divert waste fromlandfills, while providing quality and durabilitythat often exceed conventional materials. Forexample, decking material made out of recycledplastic resins mixed with wood waste fibers canlast up to five times longer than wood decks,and never need to be treated or painted.

Water conservation is another important issue.Wise water usage reduces the strain on resourcesas well as lowers expenses. Today, remodelers can take advantage of a new generation of high-efficiency washers, dishwashers, and landscapewater management systems.

Green building is just applied common sense. To demystify the process and move forward

with your construction project, it is helpful to think of green building as the convergence

of three fundamental objectives:

1 Conserve natural resources

2 Increase energy efficiency

3 Improve indoor air quality

Introduction

GREEN BUILDING TIP CERTIFIED GREEN BUILDING PROFESSIONALS

The San Francisco Bay Area chapter of the National Association of the Remodeling Industry(SFBA NARI), in coordination with the Alameda County Waste Management Authority, offersa comprehensive certification class for California licensed building professionals. Theclass consists of a four session course on how to apply green building methods andmaterials in remodeling. Consumers can locate a Certified Green Building Professional atwww.sfbanari.com. Building professionals interested in becoming certified can contactNARI at 415-982-9200 or visit their website at www.sfbanari.com.

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Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency is a cornerstone of any greenbuilding project. Generation and use of energyare major contributors to air pollution and globalclimate change. Improving energy efficiency andusing renewable energy sources are effectiveways to improve air quality and reduce theimpacts of global warming.

Improving energy efficiency is also an economi-cally effective choice for consumers. Loweringutility expenses allows residents to enjoy thefinancial benefits year after year.

The first step to increase energy efficiency is toadd insulation and weather stripping whereverpossible, install double-glazed/low-E windows andupgrade to high-efficiency appliances. Other energyupgrades/choices include installing solar waterheaters, photovoltaic panels, and purchasing“green power” generated from renewable sourceslike the sun, wind and biomass (when available).

Indoor Air Quality

The United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) reports that the air in new homes can be tentimes more polluted than outdoor air. According tothe New England Journal of Medicine, 40% of chil-dren will develop respiratory disease, in part, due tothe chemicals in their homes. Poor indoor air qualityis caused by the offgassing of chemicals found inmany building materials as well as mold and mildewthat build up in homes due to poorly designedand maintained heating and cooling systems.

One of the most common indoor pollutants isformaldehyde, a suspected human carcinogen.Kitchen cabinets, countertops, shelving and furniture are typically made from particleboard held together by formaldehyde-based adhesives.The formaldehyde is released into the home foryears after these products have been installed.Many paints and floor finishes also containunhealthy volatile organic compounds (VOCs).That “new house smell” is actually the odor ofthese volatile compounds offgassing and is a telltale sign that there are harmful chemicals in the indoor environment.

The building products industry has responded to these indoor pollution problems by developingalternative paint, finish, and adhesive products.For example, solvent-free adhesives used in flooring and countertops can eliminate many of the suspected and known human carcinogens.Paints, varnishes, and cleaners that don’t utilizevolatile compounds are now commonly availablefrom most major manufacturers at costs compa-rable to conventional products.

In addition to the growing number of readilyavailable and cost-effective green materials –an increasing number of builders and remodelersare also using natural building materials suchas straw-bale, rammed earth, adobe and cob.While less common in their use, naturalbuilding products have a positive impact on theenvironment as they are renewable and abundant;energy-efficient in production, transport anduse; non-polluting; durable and long lasting.

GREEN BUILDING TIP GREEN REMODELERS GUILD

Graduates of the NARI Certified Green Building Professional class have formed a newtrade group called the Green Remodelers Guild. Their mission is to provide continuingeducation in green building practices as well as a forum for discussion of green buildingmaterials and methodologies. For more information, visit www.build-green.org.

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There are many reasons to build green. Theseinclude a concern for the environment, an interestin building more efficiently, health considerationsor a desire to create an environmentally friendlyimage for your business. By applying a sustainableperspective to design, construction and remodeling,green building brings the benefits of resourceconservation, energy savings and healthy living.

Each of the features listed in these Green BuildingGuidelines benefit the environment by addressingone or more of the following: resource conservation,energy efficiency, indoor air quality.

The following is a list of green building featuresthat convey the benefits of building green:

Higher Quality, Environmentally Sound Products:

Most green building products and materials weredeveloped to do something better than their conven-tional counterpart. These products usually performbetter and are manufactured in an environmentallysound manner, thus protecting and restoring ournatural resources. Consider using the following:

• Recycled-content decking• FSC Certified wood • Engineered lumber• Interior steel studs• Solvent-free adhesives• Natural linoleum flooring• Recycled-content ceramic tile• Flyash in concrete• Bamboo flooring

More Durable/Lower Maintenance Products:

Next to quality, durability and reduced maintenanceare very important. There is never enough time todo what needs to be done and home maintenanceis never high on the list of how to spend timeaway from work. Consider using the following:

• Fiber-cement siding• Recycled-content decking• Exposed concrete flooring• Natural linoleum flooring

• Recycled-content ceramic tile • Resource-efficient landscapes and gardens• 40 year roofing

Products and Practices that Provide GreaterComfort and Lower Utility Bills:

Comfort is what drives high energy use. When itgets hot, we turn on the air conditioning. Byincreasing the insulation and providing for naturalcooling, the electricity demand can be reducedwith no compromise in occupant comfort.Consider incorporating the following:

• Foundation/slab insulation• Increased wall and ceiling insulation• Spray cellulose insulation• Advanced infiltration reduction practices• Low-e windows• Hydronic heating• All ducts located in conditioned spaces• Ceiling fans• Whole house fans• Passive solar heating• Natural cooling• ENERGY STAR® appliances• Attic ventilation systems

Healthier Products and Practices For Families

What is more important than the health of ourchildren? The public health community hasidentified homes as one of the most significantthreats to children’s health. It is only commonsense to reduce the use of products that areknown to have health impacts. Consider offeringthe following:

• Low/No-VOC paints• Natural linoleum in place of vinyl flooring• Formaldehyde-free medium density

fiberboard (MDF) • Solvent-free adhesives• Water-borne wood finishes• Clean ducts before occupancy• Exhaust fan in attached garages• Recycled-content fiberglass insulation with no

added formaldehyde• Seal all particleboard and MDF

Benefits of Green Building

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Chapter Two:

Green Points

When remodeling, it is important to look carefully at the

type of project and incorporate as many green features

as possible. The Green Points is a rating system that has

been developed to offer building professionals and

homeowners a tool to assess how environmentally

friendly or “green” a home is. The items listed on the Green

Points represent a variety of green building opportunities,

however; not all of them may apply to your project. Each

measure is assigned to a specific category – Resources,

Energy and IAQ/Health – to give you an idea of the

impact of each measure. Although some measures may

fit into more than one category, they have been assigned

to the category where they have the greatest impact.

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Green Points

POINTS PER CATEGORY Available Points Resources Energy IAQ/Health

A. Site

1. Recycle Job Site Construction and Demolition Waste

65% = 1 point; 75% = 2 points; 80% = 4 points up to 4 Resource pts.

2. Salvage Reusable Building Material 4 Resource pts.

3. Remodel for Mixed Use, Adaptive Reuse, and

Historic Preservation 4 Resource pts.

4. Protect Native Soil 2 Resource pts.

5. Minimize Disruption of Existing Plants and Trees 1 Resource pt.

6. Implement Construction Site Stormwater Practices 2 Resource pts.

7. Protect Water Quality with Landscape Design 2 Resource pts.

8. Design Resource-Efficient Landscapes and Gardens 4 Resource pts.

9. Reuse Materials/Use Recycled-Content Materials

for Landscape Areas 2 Resource pts.

10. Install High-Efficiency Irrigation Systems 2 Resource pts.

11. Provide for On-Site Water Catchment / Retention 2 Resource pts.

Subtotal from this section

B. Foundation

1. Incorporate Recycled Flyash in Concrete

25% Recycled Flyash = 2 points; Add 1 point for every

10% increase of flyash, up to 5 points up to 5 Resource pts.

2. Use Recycled-Content Aggregate 2 Resource pts.

3. Insulate Foundation Before Backfill 3 Energy pts.


C. Structural Frame

1. Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered Lumber 3 Resource pts.

2. Use FSC Certified Wood for Framing

(For every 10% of FSC lumber used = 2 points, up to 10) up to 10 Resource pts.

3. Use Wood I-Joists for Floors and Ceilings 2 Resource pts.

4. Use Web Floor Trusses 2 Resource pts.

5. Design Energy Heels on Roof Trusses 6” or More 2 Energy pts.

Due to the diversity of remodeling projecttypes, assigning a “total points” value to aproject to be considered environmentallyfriendly is not feasible. However, 25 measureshave been highlighted to signify that everyeffort should be made to incorporate them intoyour projects. These items have been chosenbased up on their impact on the environmentand the health of the home in coordination

with ease of implementation and relative lowcost. These measures can be used as a startingpoint for “greening” your project. You candownload an electronic version of the GreenPoints at www.stopwaste.org.

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C. Structural Frame (continued)

6. Use Finger-Jointed Studs for Vertical Applications 2 Resource pts.

7. Use Engineered Studs for Vertical Applications 2 Resource pts.

8. Use Recycled-Content Steel Studs for Interior Framing 2 Resource pts.

9. Use Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)

a. Floors 3 Energy pts.

b. Walls 3 Energy pts.

c. Roof 3 Energy pts.

10. Apply Advanced Framing Techniques 4 Resource pts.

11. Use Reclaimed Lumber for Non-Structural Applications 3 Resource pts.

12. Use OSB for Subfloor and Sheathing

a. Subfloors 1 Resource pt.

b. Sheathing 1 Resource pt.


D. Exterior Finish

1. Use Sustainable Decking Materials

a. Recycled-Content 3 Resource pts.

b. FSC Certified Wood 3 Resource pts.

2. Use Treated Wood That Does Not Contain Chromium or Arsenic 1 IAQ/Health pt.

3. Install House Wrap Under Siding 1 IAQ/Health pt.

4. Use Fiber-Cement Siding Materials 1 Resource pt.


E. Plumbing

1. Install Water Heater Jacket 1 Energy pt.

2. Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes 2 Energy pts.

3. Retrofit all Faucets and Showerheads with Flow Reducers

a. Faucets (1 point each, up to 2 points) up to 2 Resource pts.

b. Showerheads (1 point each, up to 2 points) up to 2 Resource pts.

4. Replace Toilets with Ultra-Low-Flush Models

(1 point each, up to 3 points) up to 3 Resource pts.

5. Install Chlorine Filter on Showerheads 1 IAQ/Health pt.

6. Convert Storage to Tankless Water Heater 4 Energy pts.

7. Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets

(2 points each, up to 4 points) up to 4 IAQ/Health pts.

8. Install On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump 4 Resource pts.


F. Electrical

1. Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs)

(6 bulbs=2 points, 10 bulbs =3 points, 12 bulbs = 4 points) up to 4 Energy pts.

2. Install IC-AT Recessed Lighting Fixtures with CFLs

(1 point each, up to 5 points) up to 5 Energy pts.

3. Install Lighting Controls (1 point per fixture, up to 4 points) up to 4 Energy pts.

4. Install High Efficiency Ceiling Fans with CFLs

(1 point each, up to 4 points) up to 4 Energy pts.



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G. Appliances

1. Install Energy Star® Dishwasher 1 Energy pt.

2. Install Washing Machine with Water and

Energy Conservation Features 1 Energy pt.

3. Install Energy Star® Refrigerator 1 Energy pt.

4. Install Built-In Recycling Center 3 Resource pts.


H. Insulation

1. Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to Exceed Title 24 Requirements

a. Walls 2 Energy pts.

b. Ceilings 2 Energy pts.

2. Install Floor Insulation Over Crawl Space 4 Energy pts.

3. Install Recycled-Content, Fiberglass Insulation with

No Added Formaldehyde 3 IAQ/Health pts.

4. Use Advanced Infiltration Reduction Practices 2 Energy pts.

5. Use Cellulose Insulation

a. Walls 4 Resource pts.

b. Ceilings 4 Resource pts.

6. Install Alternative Insulation Materials (Cotton, Spray-Foam)

a. Walls 4 Resource pts.

b. Ceilings 4 Resource pts.


I. Windows

1. Install Energy-Efficient Windows

a. Double-Paned 1 Energy pt.

b. Low-Emissivity (Low-E) 2 Energy pts.

c. Low Conductivity Frames 2 Energy pts.

2. Install Low SHGC Window Film on Single-Glazing 1 Energy pt.


J. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

1. Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints 2 Energy pts.

2. Install New Ductwork within Conditioned Space 3 Energy pts.

3. Vent Range Hood to the Outside 1 IAQ/Health pt.

4. Clean all Ducts before Occupancy 2 IAQ/Health pts.

5. Install Solar Attic Fan 2 Energy pts.

6. Install Attic Ventilation Systems 1 Energy pt.

7. Install Whole House Fan 4 Energy pts.

8. Install Sealed Combustion Furnaces and Hot Water Heaters

a. Furnaces 3 IAQ/Health pts.

b. Water Heaters 3 IAQ/Health pts.

9. Replace Wall-Mounted Electric and Gas Heaters with

Through-the-Wall Heat Pumps 3 Energy pts.

10. Install 13 SEER and 11 EER or Higher AC with TXV 3 Energy pts.

11. Install AC with Non-HCFC Refrigerants 2 Resource pts.

12. Install 90% Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) Furnace 2 Energy pts.

13. Retrofit Wood Burning Fireplaces

a. Install EPA certified wood stoves/inserts 1 IAQ/Health pt.

b. Install/Replace Dampers 1 Energy pt.

c. Install Airtight Doors on Fireplaces 1 Energy pt.

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J. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (continued)

14. Install Zoned, Hydronic Radiant Heating 3 Energy pts.

15. Install High Efficiency Filter 4 IAQ/Health pts.

16. Install Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit (HRV) 5 IAQ/Health pts.

17. Install Separate Garage Exhaust Fan 3 IAQ/Health pts.


K. Renewable Energy and Roofing

1. Pre-Plumb for Solar Water Heating 4 Energy pts.

2. Install Solar Water Heating 10 Energy pts.

3. Pre-Wire for Future Photovoltaic (PV) Installation 4 Energy pts.

4. Install Photovoltaic (PV) System

(1.2 kw = 6 points, 2.4 kw = 12 points, 3.6 kw = 18 points) up to 18 Energy pts.

5. Select Safe and Durable Roofing Materials 1 Resource pt.

6. Install Radiant Barrier 3 Energy pts.


L. Natural Heating and Cooling

1. Incorporate Passive Solar Heating 5 Energy pts.

2. Install Overhangs or Awnings over South Facing Windows 3 Energy pts.

3. Plant Deciduous Shade Trees on the West and South Sides 3 Energy pts.


M. Indoor Air Quality and Finishes

1. Use Low/No-VOC Paint 1 IAQ/Health pt.

2. Use Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes 2 IAQ/Health pts.

3. Use Low/No-VOC Adhesives 3 IAQ/Health pts.

4. Use Salvaged Building Materials for Interior Finish 3 Resource pts.

5. Use Engineered Sheet Goods with No Added Formaldehyde 6 IAQ/Health pts.

6. Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses 1 IAQ/Health pt.

7. Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF 4 IAQ/Health pts.

8. Use FSC Certified Materials for Interior Finish 4 Resource pts.

9. Use Finger-Jointed or Recycled-Content Trim 1 Resource pt.

10. Install Whole House Vacuum System 3 IAQ/Health pts.


N. Flooring

1. Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring 8 Resource pts.

2. Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials 4 Resource pts.

3. Use Recycled-Content Ceramic Tiles 4 Resource pts.

4. Install Natural Linoleum in Place of Vinyl 5 IAQ/Health pts.

5. Use Exposed Concrete as Finished Floor 4 Resource pts.

6. Install Recycled-Content Carpet with Low VOCs 4 Resource pts.


TOTAL Resources Energy IAQ/Health

Total Available Points 327 140 130 57

Points Achieved


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Chapter Three:

Green Building Methods and Materials

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This section provides more detailed descriptions of green

building practices, material applications, as well as the

associated environmental benefits. The items are ordered by

ease of implementation as well as cost effectiveness.

1. Recycle Job Site Constructionand Demolition Waste

Description:

Construction waste generally consistsof wood, drywall, metals, concrete,dirt and cardboard – materials thatcan be reused or recycled if preparedproperly. Each year over 300,000tons of construction and demolitiondebris is disposed of at AlamedaCounty landfills.

Application:

Identify the types and quantitiesof materials generated at the jobsite and recycle at least 50% ofthe construction/demolitiondebris. Contact local recyclingfacilities and haulers to identifyterms and conditions required forrecycling materials. Allocate spacefor recycling bins and containers.Call the Alameda County RecyclingHotline 1.877.STOPWASTE formore information.

Benefit:

Recycling reduces pressure on land-fills, saves money by reducing tippingfees, and provides raw materials forfuture building products.

2. Salvage Reusable Building Materials

Description:

Various building materials can besalvaged and reused, such as floor-ing, doors and windows, tubs andsinks, cabinets, fixtures, etc.

Application:

When remodeling, consider salvageand deconstruction, by selectivelyand carefully removing materials

for reuse. There are a number oflicensed contractors that offerdismantling services to salvagematerials for reuse. Many firms arenon-profits and will provide itemizeddonation receipts. Usable itemscan also be dropped off at usedbuilding material stores. Refer tothe Green Building Materials Listing.

Benefit:

Salvaging reusable building materialsdecreases disposal costs, savesnatural resources and increaseslandfill capacity. Donations can betax deductible.

3. Remodel for Mixed Use,Adaptive Reuse, and HistoricPreservation

Description:

Reusing existing buildings is oneof the most straightforward ways toconserve resources. Older buildingstypically feature high-quality materialsin the structure, doors, windows,and finishes. When working withhistoric buildings, remodelersshould also review the Departmentof the Interior Standards forHistoric Preservation.

Application:

Many high quality materials foundin older structures can be left inplace or reused. Large timbers,beams, columns, and trusses canbe regraded and certified for use in structural applications.

Benefit:

The reuse of older buildings conservesresources, diverts demolition wastefrom landfills, and preserves neigh-borhood character.

4. Protect Native Soil

Description:

Typically, a building site is clearedof vegetation and the topsoil isremoved. After building, sod is laidon subsoil, beginning a cycle of highwater and chemical dependency.Ideally, construction is coordinatedwith a landscape professional toprotect the soil, which is a valuable,living resource.

Application:

Design for minimum building &hardscape footprints and little orno grading. Retain native vegetation.Delineate and limit the constructionfootprint; restrict heavy equipmentthat compacts soil, including cars,to areas that will be paved or builtover. When grading is unavoidable,identify areas to be paved as aplace to store native topsoil duringconstruction. Amend soil withcompost and re-spread topsoilafter construction.

Benefit:

Preserving native soils, along withnurturing the health of disturbedsoils, can significantly reducestorm runoff, reduce fertilizerand pesticide requirements,improve water quality and conserveirrigation water.

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1 Permeable paving on drivewayand walkway to front door

2 Water from roof channeled torainbarrel.

3 Water for wildlife habitat.4 Lawn in front replaced with

low water use nativegroundcovers.

5 Pavers with spaces and lowwater use plants between.

6 Diverse plantings with manyCalifornia native groundcovers,shrubs and trees, but noinvasive species

7 All plants given the space togrow to their natural size

8 Plants selected to matchthe microclimates

9 Irrigation controller watershydrozones according toplant needs, soil moistureand weather

10 Deciduous trees placed tothe west & southwest of thehouse & patio for summercooling

11 Repository for leaves to collectunder trees as mulch

12 Mulched paths keep soilcovered

13 All plants grouped by waterneeds into hydrozones

14 Drip irrigation for vegetablebeds, shrubs, trees andelsewhere where feasible.

15 Raised beds are constructedfrom plastic or compositelumber

16 Compost bin recycles plantand kitchen debris

17 Evergreen windbreak blocksnorth winter winds

18 Trees not topped but prunedproperly

19 Small lawn in backyard wherefamily will use it

20 Integrated pest managementused for controlling weeds,insect and disease pests

5. Minimize Disruption of ExistingPlants and Trees

Description:

Through careful planning andconstruction practices, valuabletrees and plants can be preservedin existing developments andneighborhoods.

Application:

Complete a landscape survey todetermine the feasibility of preserv-ing or relocating mature trees andshrubs. Fence trees and shrubs forprotection from equipment.

Benefit:

Preserving existing, mature landscapefeatures helps prevent soil erosion,maintains existing sources of naturalcooling (e.g. shade from a maturetree), diverts waste from landfills,and keeps the unique character ofthe community.

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6. Implement Construction SiteStormwater Practices

Description:

Stormwater runoff is part of a naturalhydrologic process. However, landdevelopment and constructionactivities can significantly alternatural drainage patterns andpollute stormwater runoff.

Application:

Identify all storm drains, drainageswales and creeks located near theconstruction site, and make sure allsubcontractors are aware of theirlocations to prevent pollutants fromentering them. Train employees notto dump anything down stormdrains. Protect all storm drain inletsusing filter fabric cloth to preventsediments from entering the stormdrainage system during constructionactivities. Keep materials out of therain, and prevent runoff pollutionat the source. Store hazardouswaste in drums and covered binsand contract a company to disposeof it properly.

Benefit:

Properly managing a gallon of wateron site saves money in avoidedengineering costs downstream.Keeping pollutants out of the

storm drains minimizes erosionand water pollution and protectslocal creeks, reservoirs and theBay. For more information, visitwww.cleanwaterprogram.com orcall 888/BAYWISE.

7. Protect Water Quality withLandscape Design

Description:

Designing landscapes to allowirrigation and stormwater to soakinto the soil recharges groundwatersystems and filters out pollutants.

Application:

Use permeable paving, which allowswater to percolate into the soil, for

walkways, patios, and driveways.Install like conventional pavers.Design infiltration basins, swalesand berms to keep water on site.

Benefit:

Allowing stormwater percolationreduces the volume of pollutedwater that flows into rivers or theBay, while replenishing soil moistureand local aquifers. Additional benefitsinclude reduction in irrigationrequirements, non-source pollutionas well as lower risk of flooding.

8. Design Resource-EfficientLandscapes and Gardens

Description:

Conventional landscapes have highinputs of water and chemicals andare often overplanted or plantedwithout regard for climate and soilconditions. This results in excesswater and fuel consumption, waterpollution and waste generation.

Application:

Specify plants that are appropriatefor the climate and soil; selectslow-growing, drought tolerant,preferably California nativeplants. Design with perennialsinstead of annuals; choose and

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GREEN BUILDING TIP COMPOST FRUIT, VEGETABLE AND YARD TRIMMINGS

Compost is nature’s way of recycling. Turn fruit, vegetable and yard trimmings into a firstrate soil conditioner. Use compost to replace store-bought soil conditioners. Compost addsnutrients and beneficial microbes to soil, improves soil fertility and reduces wateringneeds. Composting saves money by lowering garbage bills, increases the ability of soil tohold water, improves soil health, and helps extend the life of our landfills. Contact theAlameda County Rotline 510.444.SOIL for more information and discounts on compost bins.

Permeable Pavers

site trees to reduce buildingheating and cooling energy. Giveplants plenty of room to mature,reducing the need for pruning.Avoid invasive species and hedgesthat require constant shearing.Limit turf to the smallest areathat will meet recreational needs.Recycle yard trimmings by grass-cycling, mulching and composting.

Benefit:

Sustainable landscape techniques arein harmony with the local environmentand help conserve water, reduce useof chemicals, create healthier soiland plants, and increase bio-diversityin landscape areas.

9. Reuse Materials/UseRecycled-Content Materials forLandscape Areas

Description:

Plastic or composite lumber makesa very durable landscape edging,broken concrete can make a veryattractive retaining wall or path,and ground glass cullet can beused for walkways.

Application:

Use salvaged or recycled-contentmaterials for hardscapes (patios,decks, walkways and driveways)and other landscape structures.

Benefit:

The durability of plastic or compositelumber is greater than wood asthey do not rot, crack or splinter.Salvaging or buying recycled-contentlandscaping products conservesnatural resources and strengthensmarkets for recycled materials.

10. Install High-EfficiencyIrrigation Systems

Description:

New irrigation technologies applywater to the soil at the plant rootzones at the rate the soil canabsorb it, significantly reducingwater waste from overspray.

Application:

Install low-flow drip, sub-surfacedrip, or low-flow sprinklers in placeof standard sprinkler systems forall landscape applications. Basewatering levels on moisture sensors

or weather based controllers. Usecaptured rainwater. Group plantsby water requirements.

Benefit:

High-efficiency irrigation systemsdramatically reduce landscape wateruse, and are critical to preventingdisease & minimizing weed growth.

11. Provide for On-Site WaterCatchment / Retention

Description:

Rainwater is channeled throughgutters and downspouts to an aboveground cistern or undergroundgravel dry well. Stored water isused for landscape irrigation.

Application:

Install wherever there is gutteredroof runoff and room for the cistern.

Benefit:

Water catchment reduces the needto use treated, drinkable water forwatering of lawns and gardens.

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GREEN BUILDING TIP BAY-FRIENDLY GARDENING: FROM YOUR BACKYARD TO THE BAY

Create Healthy Landscapes, Build Healthy Soil, and Reduce Waste. In the Bay Area, how you care for your garden – from applying fertilizer to planting a lawn– affects the Bay. Bay-Friendly Gardening means simplifying garden care, preventing andreusing plant waste, and using as few resources as possible. Bay-Friendly Gardeningbuilds healthy soils, reduces waste and protects local ecosystems by working with nature.Start with some simple steps such as leaving your clippings on the lawn, compostingyour plant trimmings and planting native species in your garden. For a copy of the Bay-Friendly Gardening how-to guide, call the compost information hotline – 510-444-SOILor visit www.stopwaste.org.

B. Foundation


Description:

Flyash is a byproduct of coalburning power plants and can bean inexpensive substitute for aportion of portland cement used inconcrete.

Application:

Typically, 15-50% of cement can bereplaced with flyash in residentialconcrete mixes, however, installersshould know that it has slightlydifferent curing characteristicsthan standard concrete.

Benefit:

Flyash increases the strength anddurability of the concrete. Usingflyash also reduces the amount ofcement needed, thereby decreasingthe overall environmental impactsof cement production.

2. Use Recycled-ContentAggregate

Description:

Concrete and rubble can becrushed and used for backfill anddrainage purposes at the base offoundations.

Application:

Use recycled materials for backfill.

Benefit:

Using recycled instead of virginmaterials saves money and naturalresources.

3. Insulate Foundation Before Backfill

Description:

All foundations, including slabfloors, can be insulated to minimizeheat loss.

Application:

Insulate foundation with extrudedpolystyrene insulation of at leastR-4 (1” or greater).

Benefit:

Insulating the foundation minimizesheat loss from the floors andbasement, reduces energy lossand therefore reduces utility bills.

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1. Substitute Solid Sawn Lumberwith Engineered Lumber

Description:

Solid sawn lumber in sizes of 2x10or greater typically comes from old-growth forests. Engineered lumberproducts, on the other hand, comefrom small-diameter and fast growingplantation trees. These productsinclude gluelams, laminated veneerlumber, wood I-joists, orientedstrand board, parallel strand lumber,and other manufactured wood fiberstructural materials.

Application:

Engineered lumber should be usedwhenever structural members arereplaced. They substitute for 2x10and 2x12 in most interior applica-tions such as the structural framingof floors, walls and roofs.

Benefit:

Reducing demand for large dimen-sional lumber decreases pressureto cut down old-growth forests.Engineered lumber uses wood fibermore efficiently than conventionallumber, resulting in stronger andhigher quality homes.

2. Use Forest StewardshipCouncil (FSC) Certified Wood for Framing

Description:

FSC certification assures that theforest from which the wood isproduced is managed in anenvironmentally and sociallyresponsible manner.

Application:

Use FSC wood whenever newwood framing is required. Certifiedframing materials and plywood areavailable at many local suppliers.Refer to the Green BuildingMaterials Listing.

Benefit:

FSC certification guarantees thatforests are managed in a way thatwill assure the long-term availabilityof precious woods while protectingold-growth forests.

3. Use Wood I-Joists for Floors and Ceilings

Description:

Wood I-joists are engineered to useonly the wood fiber necessary forthe structural function required.They typically use oriented strandboard (OSB) for the web and eitherlaminated veneer lumber or solidsawn lumber for the chords (topand bottom pieces).

Application:

Replace solid sawn lumber withwood I-joists for floor and ceilingjoists. Often they can be used at19.2” centers to save material.Specify wood I joists with MDIresin whenever possible.

Benefit:

Wood I-joists use 50% less woodfiber to perform the same structuralfunction as similar sized solidsawn lumber and will never twist,warp or split. They are stronger andlighter than 2x10 or 2x12 and canspan greater distances. MDI resinreduces the amount of formaldehydeused in the adhesive and improvesindoor air quality.

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C. Structural Frame

I-Joists use 50% less wood fiber thansolid sawn lumber.

Forest Stewardship Council Smart Wood and Scientific Certification Series

These groups verify that forestmanagement is accomplishedaccording to the FSC program.

The FSC logo on a product providesconsumers with an assurance thatthe wood they use comes from forestsmanaged in an environmentallyand socially responsible manner.

4. Use Web Floor Trusses

Description:

Web floor trusses use solid wood orlaminated veneer lumber top andbottom chords that are connectedby wood or steel webbing forstructural integrity.

Application:

Use primarily for long-span floor joists.

Benefit:

Web trusses eliminate waste sincethey are made to order. They reducethe pressure on old growth forestsby replacing 2x10s and 2x12straditionally used for floor joists.

5. Design Energy Heels on RoofTrusses 6” or More

Description:

Energy heels raise the height ofthe truss at exterior wall top platesto accommodate increased insula-tion at the perimeter of the house.

Application:

Install where conventional trussesare used for an addition. An energyheel needs to be specified whenordering roof trusses. The increasedheight may require modificationsto exterior soffit and trim details.

Benefit:

The perimeter intersection betweenwalls and roof framing is often anarea of increased heat loss sinceconventional trusses reduce insula-tion to less than the required depth.Raising the heels allows for fullinsulation around the house, savingenergy dollars.

7. Use Engineered Studs forVertical Applications

Description:

Engineered studs are laminates,like OSB and plywood, that are usedin vertical structural applications.

Application:

Use for interior or exterior wallapplications except where pro-hibited by seismic codes. Theyare particularly appropriate for tallcathedral wall applications.

Benefit:

Engineered studs are straighterthan conventional studs and willnot deform, twist, split or warp.They save wood by using smalllaminated pieces.

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compressed insulationin this area

Energy Heel

ventilation baffle

Standard Heel Heightless than 4” for a 4/12 pitch

Energy Heels on Trusses Allow More Insulation

6. Use Finger-Jointed Studs forVertical Applications

Description:

Finger-jointed studs use shortpieces of 2x4 or 2x6 materialglued together to form standardstud lengths.

Application:

Use finger-jointed studs (gradedequivalent to full dimensionalstuds – 1997 UBC Standard,Chapters 23 and 35) whereverconventional studs are typically used,in vertical applications. Use of finger-jointed studs may require codeapproval by your local jurisdiction,and may need to be submitted tothe structural engineer of recordfor approval.

Benefit:

Finger-jointed studs reduce the useof solid sawn wood studs. They arestraighter and stronger than solidsawn studs, eliminating crookedwalls and reducing material waste.

11. Use Reclaimed Lumber forNon-Structural Applications

Description:

High quality dimensional lumber inlong lengths can often be salvagedfrom old buildings that are beingdeconstructed or salvaged.

Application:

Use reclaimed lumber for non-structural applications, in place ofnew material. For structural applica-tions, look for reclaimed lumberthat is engineer-stamped and graded.

Benefit:

Reclaimed lumber from decon-structed buildings reduces resourceconsumption and landfill deposits.Reclaimed lumber is often of higherquality than new lumber.

12. Use Oriented Strand Board(OSB) for Subfloor and Sheathing

Description:

OSB is manufactured from fastgrowing farm trees. OSB comes insheets and is used for sheathingand subfloors.

Application:

Use OSB as an alternative to plywoodfor sheathing or subfloors.

Benefit:

OSB is as strong as traditionalplywood sheet material and is lessexpensive. OSB reduces the needfor large diameter old-growth treesrequired for plywood. Some OSBuses lower formaldehyde contentadhesives which contribute to ahealthier indoor air quality.

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8. Use Recycled-Content SteelStuds for Interior Framing

Description:

Steel studs can be either stand-alone or provide a “c” channel overwood stud pieces. Steel containsup to 95% recycled-content. Steelcontains high recycled-content,which typically increases inproportion to the steel’s thickness.

Application:

For use in interior walls.

Benefit:

Steel reduces the need for woodand provides strong interior walls.

9. Use Structural InsulatedPanels (SIPs)

Description:

SIPs are high-performance, load-bearing panels that consist of a coreof foam insulation with OSB on eitherside. SIPS can be used for floors,walls and roofs in residential build-ings. They are generally R-4 per inch.

Application:

Use SIPs for structural exteriorwalls and roofs in place of stickframing. SIPs can be designed tomeet seismic Zone 4 requirements.Note: It’s important to seal the jointswell, to avoid water penetration.

Steel Studs

Benefit:

SIPs are more energy-efficient, provideexcellent soundproofing and reduceinfiltration relative to frame construc-tion. They can be erected quickly,allowing for faster construction. Theysave wood by eliminating much ofthe conventional framing lumber.

10. Apply Advanced FramingTechniques

Description:

Advanced framing involves usingwood to its maximum structuralpotential. For a comprehensiveoverview, visit www.nrdc.org.

Application:

Advanced framing includes: framingexterior and interior walls 24" on center,2 stud corners, ladder blocking at wallpartitions, stacking trusses over studsand other wood saving strategies.

Benefit:

Advanced framing saves up to 20%on wood and framing labor costs andmakes the home more energy efficientby allowing for a higher percentageof the wall to be insulated, reducingframe conduction heat loss.

Construction using SIPs

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B. Forest Stewardship Council(FSC) Certified Wood Decking

Description:

Certified, sustainably harvestedlumber comes from forestsmanaged in an environmentallyand socially responsible manner.

Application:

Use FSC Certified lumber for allexterior decking applications oras structural deck members inconjunction with recycled-contentdecking.

Benefit:

FSC certification guarantees thatforests are managed in a way thatwill assure the long-term availabilityof precious woods while preservingold-growth forests.

A. Recycled-Content Decking

Description:

There are two types of recycled-content decking: plastic lumberand composite lumber. Recycledplastic lumber contains onlyrecycled plastic resins, whilecomposite lumber is made bycombining recycled wood fiber andrecycled plastic resins that arethen formed into deck boards.

Application:

Use recycled-content decking inall non-structural deck applications.Both products can be used inplace of old-growth redwood,cedar and pressure treated pine.These products accept screws andnails, and cut like wood. Followmanufacturer recommendationsclosely regarding the amount ofexpansion that will occur whenusing plastic lumber.

Benefit:

The durability of these materials isgreater than wood, providing costsavings to the homeowner overthe life of the products. They willnot rot, crack or splinter, do notrequire staining and are not treatedwith potentially toxic chemicals.Using recycled-content deckingalso reduces pressure on old-growth forests.


D. Exterior Finish

Recycled-Content Decking

2. Use Treated Wood That DoesNot Contain Chromium or Arsenicfor Decking and Sill Plates

Description:

Alkaline Copper Quaternary (ACQ)(commonly sold as ACQ Preserve)and Copper Boron Azole (CBA)(commonly sold as Wolman NaturalSelect) are alternative treated woodsthat do not contain chromium – aheavy metal – and arsenic, whichare detrimental to human health.

Application:

Use non-chromium/arsenic treatedwood for any application that specifiestreated lumber including decking,fencing, and site furnishings.

Benefit:

ACQ and CBA use copper as itsmain component, and is a healthieralternative to lumber treated withchromium and arsenic, particu-larly for children who play on ornear decks.

3. Install House Wrap UnderSiding

Description:

House wrap protects the sheathingfrom moisture and allows vaporfrom inside to escape and providesan effective air infiltration barrier.

Application:

Install house wrap according tomanufacturer specifications overall sheathing before exterior finishis installed. To provide an effectivedrainage plane for water, it needsto be lapped and edges should betaped with manufacturer's tape,and all flashing elements deep tobe properly installed in shinglefashion. Special products havebeen developed for wrappingwindow and door openings and forstucco applications.

Benefit:

House wrap provides a continuousdrainage plane that diverts wateraway from the stud cavity andprovides an effective air infiltrationbarrier. It can also help reducemoisture build up in stud cavitiesby allowing water vapor to migratethrough the material.

4. Use Fiber-Cement SidingMaterials

Description:

Fiber-cement siding is composedof cement, sand and cellulosefibers. It is currently availableavailable in shingles, planks or4x8, 4x9, or 4x10 sheets. It isusually textured to look like woodsiding or stucco finish.

Application:

Replace conventional wood siding orstucco finishes with fiber-cementsiding. This product can be cut witha carbide-tipped saw blade, snappershears or with a guillotine cutter. Dustprotection and control are requiredwhen cutting with a circular saw.

Benefit:

Fiber-cement siding is moredurable than wood, termite resistant,noncombustible and warranted tolast 50 years. Using fiber-cementsiding reduces the demand forold-growth redwood or cedar siding.It may also reduce homeowner'sinsurance rates due to fire resistance.

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Fiber-Cement Siding

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1. Install Water Heater Jacket

Description:

Water heater jacket insulation is aninsulated wrapper that goes around thehot water tank and is secured in place.

Application:

Install on existing hot water heaters.For new water heaters, make surethat installation will not void warranty.

Benefit:

Jacket insulation reduces heat lossby about 10% and more on olderwater heaters.

2. Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes

Description:

Insulating water pipes reducesheat loss or gain in the pipes whilethe water is standing.

Application:

Insulate hot water pipes in all runsthrough unconditioned spaces:basements, crawl spaces, attics,etc. At a minimum, insulate bothhot and cold pipes at least 6 feetfrom the hot water heater to preventconvective circulation from the heaterthrough the pipes.

Benefit:

Insulated pipes save energy andwater. The water does not need torun as long to get hot water to adistant faucet, thereby reducinghot water heating costs.

3. Retrofit all Faucets andShowerheads with Flow Reducers

Description:

Flow reducers fit into the aerator atthe tip of the faucet and reducethe rate of water flow through thefaucet. Low-flow showerheadsreplace standard showerheads.

Application:

Specify low-flow water conservationdevices according to East BayMunicipal Utility District’s(EBMUD) recommendations:• Kitchen faucets ≤ 2.0 gpm• Bathroom faucets ≤ 1.5 gpm• Showerheads ≤ 2.5 gpmLimit showerheads to one fixtureper shower

Benefit:

Flow reducers can cut water usageof faucets and showers by as muchas 40% with little noticeable effect.

4. Replace Toilets with Ultra-Low-Flush Models

Description:

New high-efficiency toilets use 1.6gpf (gallons per flush) or less. Somemanufacturers offer dual flush toilets

Application:

Whenever possible, replaceexisting toilets with a new 1.6 gpf– or less – models. Select a toiletfrom EBMUD (www.ebmud.com)pre-tested list to ensure the modelactually uses no more than 1.6 gpfand performs well.

Benefit:

Ultra-Low-Flush toilets reduce theamount of water usage.

5. Install Chlorine Filter on Showerheads

Description:

Water filters on showerheadsreduce chemicals and particulatesfrom the water stream.

Application:

Install the water filter between thepipe and the existing showerhead.

Benefit:

Chlorine is absorbed 6 times fasterthrough the skin than through thedigestive system. It has been shownthat chlorine absorption can haveadverse health effects on somepeople and especially children.

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7. Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets

Description:

Water filtration units can be installedunder counter at individual fixturesor for the whole house. They reducechlorine and many other chemicals,particulates and microorganisms.

Application:

Whole house filters are for drinkingwater and plumbing (not for hosebibsor toilets). Install filtration systembetween the cold water line andthe main drinking water faucets inthe house.

Benefit:

Agricultural run-off, chemical leachingand microorganisms increasinglycontaminate public water systemsacross the country. House filtrationsystems reduce the health threat ofthese contaminants.

8. Install On-Demand Hot WaterCirculation Pump

Description:

An on-demand hot water circulationpump can send hot water to fixturesin seconds; without wasting waterwhile waiting for it to get hot. It usesa pump to rapidly move water from awater heater to fixtures. It stops whenwater reaches a pre-set temperature.

Application:

Install the pump at the furthest faucetfrom the water heater. Only one pumpis needed to supply hot water to anyfixture and can easily be installed.

Benefit:

Both water and energy are savedsince water doesn’t have to bewasted until it reaches the correcttemperature for use. Hot waterarrives to the fixture 5 times fasterthan on average.

On-Demand Water Circulation Pump

Water Heater

“On-demand” Switch

Hot

Cold

6. Convert Storage to TanklessWater Heaters

Description:

Tankless water heaters (flash or on-demand heaters) heat water as neededrather than having a tank in whichhot water is stored. Their capacity toprovide hot water is virtually unlimited.

Application:

Install tankless water heater as closeto the point of use as possible. Thedevice should have a variable-setthermostat and be appropriatelysized. Gas tankless water heaterstypically have more capacity thanelectric tankless heaters.

Benefit:

Typical storage water heaters lose15% of their energy through standingtank losses, whereas tankless heatersuse energy only for immediate hotwater needs. Tankless water heatersoften are quicker and more reliable..

1. Install Compact FluorescentLight Bulbs (CFLs)

Description:

CFLs screw in like conventionalbulbs but consume up to one-fourth of the electricity used byincandescent bulbs to produce anequivalent amount of light.

Application:

Install CFLs in place of standardincandescent bulbs. Choose a CFLthat is one-fourth the wattage ofthe incandescent bulb.

Benefit:

Compact fluorescent bulbs are aprofitable investment, savingseveral times their purchase pricethrough reduced electricity billsand fewer replacement bulbsbecause they last eight times longer.

2. Install Insulation CompatibleAir-Tight (IC-AT) RecessedLighting Fixtures with CompactFluorescent Lamps (CFLs)

Description:

Conventional IC recessed fixturesare not energy efficient because theyuse incandescent bulbs and theyallow the “chimney effect” to occur,in which the heat of the bulb andfixture naturally draws the room’sconditioned air up through the fixture’sholes and exhausts it into the atticor ceiling/floor cavity. IC-AT fixturesare sealed, eliminating this effectand also allowing for insulation tobe blown on top to keep the heat in.

Application:

Use IC-AT fixtures with CFLswherever recessed cans are specified.

Benefit:

Typical recessed fixtures are notenergy efficient because they useincandescent lamps, generate signif-icant heat, and allow conditionedair to infiltrate out of the house.IC-AT fixtures eliminate the airleakage, while compact fluorescentlamps stay cool and use less energy.

3. Install Lighting Controls

Description:

Lighting controls use dimmers,sensors and timers to turn lightsoff in unused areas or during timeswhen lighting is not needed.

Application:

Install lighting controls either atspecific locations or as a wholehouse system. Lighting controls areespecially applicable for exterioruses. Dimmable CFLs are availableat a premium.

Benefit:

Lighting controls reduce energyuse by having the lights on forshorter periods of time.

4. Install High Efficiency CeilingFans with CFLs

Description:

Ceiling fans improve interiorcomfort by circulating cold andwarm air. They can be adjustedto either draw warm air upwardduring summer months or pushit downward during the winter.

Application:

Preferable locations are bedroomsand living rooms where occupantsspend time. Ceiling fans must besupported adequately betweenceiling joists.

Benefit:

Ceiling fans can reduce the needfor air conditioning.

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Existing Incandescent Lamp Proposed ENERGY STAR® Savings over theCompact Fluorescent Bulb life of the bulb

40 - 60 watts 11 - 15 watts $22 - $35

75 watts 16 - 20 watts $43 +

90 - 100 watts 23 - 40 watts $52 +

Source: www.pge.com

ENERGY STAR® qualified compact fluorescent

lighting lasts up to eight times longer than incandes-

cent lighting. Save $22 to $65 in energy costs over

the life of a compact fluorescent bulb. You'll replace

an incandescent eight times to match the life

expectancy of a single compact fluorescent.

How do you choose the right compact

fluorescent bulb? The following is a

general guide to assist you:

F. Electrical

G. Appliances

1. Install Energy Star® Dishwasher

Description:

ENERGY STAR® dishwashers usewater and energy more efficiently.

Application:

Select ENERGY STAR® dishwashers.These dishwashers use an internalwater heater to boost temperaturesinside the dishwasher. For thisreason, water heaters can beturned down to 120 degrees,saving water heating costs.

Benefit:

Water-efficient dishwashers arealso energy-efficient because mostenergy consumed by dishwashersis used to heat water. ENERGYSTAR® dishwashers use 25% lessenergy than comparable models.

2. Install Washing Machine withWater and Energy ConservationFeatures

Description:

Horizontal axis machines load fromthe front, spinning clothes in andout of the water to tumble themclean. Some newer model toploading washing machines offer waterand energy conservation features.

Application:

Select ENERGY STAR® horizontalaxis and conservation modelwashing machines.

Benefit:

Horizontal axis machines save resour-ces by using less water and energy.They use up to 40% less water and50% less energy than conventionaltop loading washers, translating intolower energy and water bills for theresident. Manufacturers claim thatthere is less wear and tear on clothescompared to the traditional agitator(top loading) machines. Some of thenewer model top loading washingmachines offer water and energysavings as well.

3. Install Energy Star® Refrigerator

Description:

Refrigerators and freezers are amongthe largest users of electricity inmost homes. They can account forup to 25% of household energyuse. New appliances are muchmore energy-efficient.

Application:

Use ENERGY STAR® rated refriger-ators when replacing old units.

Benefit:

New, efficient refrigerators cansave over 10% of the total annualelectrical bill. Check with your localutility company for rebate programs.

4. Install Built-In RecyclingCenter

Description:

Built-in recycling centers provide binsfor separated recyclables and food waste.

Application:

To be most effective and make recyclingeasy, recycling bins should be builtinto kitchen cabinets, while stand aloneunits in the garage will also be helpful.

Benefit:

A built-in recycling center offers aneasy and convenient choice betweenthe trash bin and the recycling binsrather than having to move betweentwo separately located bins.

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You will find the ENERGY STAR® label on products that exceed energy performanceguidelines for energy efficiency. If all consumers, businesses, and organizations inthe United States chose ENERGY STAR® products over the next decade, thenational annual energy bill would be reduced by about $200 billion. For more infor-mation, visit www.energystar.gov.

Horizontal Axis Washing Machines

Built-In Recycling Center

2. Install Floor Insulation OverCrawl Space

Description:

Insulate and seal floors overunconditioned crawl spaces withR-19 or greater.

Application:

Seal all penetrations through thefloor, including electrical, plumbingand ductwork, with expanding foamto prevent migration of air, moisture,and mold spores. Install insulationwith vapor barrier towards the floor(warm side). Protect underside offiberglass with inexpensive sheath-ing or wire mesh materials that actas a barrier to vermin.

Benefit:

Improves comfort by insulating thefloor, protects indoor air qualityfrom moisture that can grow indamp crawl spaces.

3. Install Recycled-Content,Fiberglass Insulation with No Added Formaldehyde

Description:

Many fiberglass insulationproducts include recycled glass,formaldehyde-free binders, noasphalt adhesives or colored dyes.

Application:

When using fiberglass insulation,specify recycled-content and noformaldehyde. This type of fiber-glass insulation is installed exactlyas traditional fiberglass.

Benefit:

Formaldehyde-free binders reduceindoor air quality problems andinsulation contains up to 30%recycled glass.

4. Use Advanced Infiltration Reduction Practices

Description:

Expanding foam and caulk areused to prevent infiltration wherewood connections are made orframing is drilled to provideplumbing and electrical runs.

Application:

These methods are especiallyimportant when fiberglass insulationis installed, since fiberglass doeslittle to reduce infiltration. Seal holesbetween floors and between studcavities around wire runs. Caulktop and bottom plates on all floors.

Benefit:

Reduction in infiltration increasescomfort and reduces energy bills.

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1. Upgrade Wall and CeilingInsulation to Exceed Title 24 Requirements

Description:

Insulation in exterior walls andceilings can reduce the demand forair conditioning and heating andmake homes more comfortable.

Application:

A. Wall InsulationInsulate walls of existing wood framehouses to the capacity of the wallcavity, exceeding the Title 24 Standardfor your climate zone by 20%. Wallcavities with existing insulationcan be blown full of new celluloseor fiberglass to increase the density,thereby increasing the R-value.Exterior walls can be wrapped witha minimum of 1” (R-4) rigid foamto increase R-value if total exteriorrefinish is being performed.

B. Ceiling InsulationIncrease ceiling insulation inexisting structure to exceed Title24 Standard for your climate zoneby 20%, when possible. Installationis generally intended to be in ceilingsbelow attic space, with appropriategable or soffit ventilation. If existingcathedral or flat ceilings are alreadyinsulated, and re-roofing is beingdone at the same time, add addi-tional rigid foam insulation on topof the existing roof sheathing.Special products are available thatcome pre-vented for new roofing.

Benefit:

Increased wall and ceiling insulationimproves comfort, decreases heatingand cooling requirements, savesmoney, and makes the home quieter.

H. Insulation

Recycled-Content Fiberglass Insulationwith No Added Formaldehyde


A. Walls

Description:

Cellulose is a highly effective insu-lation made out of recycled news-paper. Damp-spray cellulose wallinsulation is mixed with low-toxicbinders to adhere to itself and thestud and joist cavity surfaces.

Application:

This installation is intended fornew construction or total “gut”renovation, where existing wallsurfaces have been removed to thestuds. It is not cost effective inother applications. Avoid dampblown cellulose during wet monthsand install drywall only after testingfor 25% (maximum) moisture content.Use boric acid treatment only;avoid ammonium sulfate treatedcellulose insulation.

Benefit:

Spray insulation completely fillscavities and penetrations, thusreducing air infiltration. The binderin the insulation reduces thechance of settling. The cellulose istreated to retard insects and fire;use boric acid treatment only. Usingcellulose insulation makes thehome quieter, more comfortableand reduces energy use.

6. Install Alternative InsulationMaterials

Description:

Advanced insulation materials suchas spray foam, recycled cotton andothers are alternatives to conven-tional products.

Application:

Varies per product type. Cottoncomes in both batt and loose fillwhile spray foam is spray appliedand expands in place.

Benefit:

Cotton uses recycled-content fabric(such as blue jeans trimmings)while spray foam provides superiorair infiltration resistance. Bothtypes have no added formaldehyde.

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Loose-Fill Cellulose Insulation (Left),Damp-Spray Cellulose (Right).

B. Ceilings

Description:

Dry-blown or loose-fill cellulose istreated with borates for fire andinsect resistance. Cellulose does notcontain formaldehyde, which is com-mon in many fiberglass insulations.

Application:

Spread cellulose over ceiling joists orblow into tight cavities to increaseceiling R-value. It is important tomaintain attic or ceiling ventilationpathways, especially in cathedralceiling applications. Avoid excessiveblown-in cellulose behind netting asit may make it difficult to achieveflat walls and ceilings with drywall.Best to use 5/8" drywall only overdry-blown cellulose insulation. Useboric acid treatments only and avoidammonium sulfate treated cellulose.

Benefit:

Cellulose insulation is fire-resistant,manufactured with recycled materials,and has no added formaldehyde.It also reduces air leakage andcontributes to a more comfortableand energy-efficient home.

C. Low-Conductivity Frames

Description:

Most window frames and sashesare made of wood, vinyl, fiberglassor aluminum. Wood, vinyl andfiberglass generally insulate betterthan aluminum frames.

Application:

Consider specifying wood windowsas standard window packages.

Benefit:

Wood windows create greatercomfort and better energy efficiencyand are an environmentally prefer-able material.

1. Install Energy-Efficient Windows

Windows play a big role in the energyefficiency of homes. In the summer,they can allow unwanted heat intothe house, and in the winter, windowscan account for as much as 25%of the heat loss. When replacingwindows, look for models with thefollowing energy saving features:

A. Double-Paned Windows

Description:

Double glazing insulates almosttwice as well as single glazing.

Application:

Replace single-paned windows withdouble-paned windows wheneverpossible. Check with your localutility company for rebate programs.

Benefit:

High quality double-paned windowsmake the whole house quieter andmore comfortable during all seasons,while saving energy and money.

B. Low-Emissivity (Low-E)Windows

Description:

Low-E coatings, virtually unnoticeableto the eye, are installed inside theair space of a double-paned window.The low-E coatings help preventheat from escaping through theglass in winter and block heat fromentering the home during summer.

Application:

Use low-E, double-paned windowswhenever windows are replaced.Check with your local utility com-pany for rebate programs.

Benefit:

Low–E windows reflect heat, makingthe home more comfortable in coldweather and on hot summer days.The cost premium of 10-15% forlow-E glass typically pays for itselfin a few years. Low-E, double-panedglass coating increases glass R-valueto 3 compared to R-1 for single-glazed windows.

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I. Windows

Livermore

ZONE 12

ZONE 3

ZONE 3

CastroValley

San Lorenzo

SanLeandro

AlamedaOakland

Berkeley

Albany

Dublin

Pleasanton

Hayward

Union City

NewarkFremont

When replacing windows, use the following as a guide to selecting the most energy efficient windows foryour climate zone:

In hot climates (Zone 12)choose windows with SHGC andU-factor values of .45 or lower.In moderate climates (Zone 3)make sure that the U-factorvalue is also .45 or lower.

2. Install Low Solar Heat GainCoefficient (SHGC) Window Filmon Single-Glazing

Description:

Low solar heat gain coefficientwindow film reduces solar heatgain through glass (particularlyduring late afternoon and eveninghours) while still transmitting lightand visibility.

Application:

Reflective film should only beused on single-glazed windows.Look for a SHGC of less than thecode requirement of 0.4. Considerusing on all east or west facingwindows.

Benefit:

Low SHGC window film reducesoverheating, improves comfort andcan significantly lower the need foradditional cooling.

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1. Look for this label as your assurance thatthis window has been independently ratedusing a procedure established by the NFRC.Although other labels may be present, theNFRC label is your best source of energyperformance information.

2. U-factor is a measure of heat transferred by the entire window (frame, sash and glass)either into or out of the building. A smallerU-factor will provide a window which is morecomfortable on cold days. Try to purchase awindow with the lowest U-factor.

3. Visible Transmittance (VT) is a measure ofthe amount of visible light entering the window.Try to select a window with a high VT. It willbring more natural day-light into your home.

4. NFRC technical procedures by which thewindow was evaluated.

5. Name of the window manufacturer.

6. Manufacturer’s description of thelabeled product.

7. The NFRC “rating”, a numerical value,represents the applicable energy performancecharacteristic. Residential (or “AA”) andNon-residential (or ”BB”) are NFRC sizedesignations. Representative test sizes arechosen for each product type and identical sizesare compared among different manufacturers.

8. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is ameasure of the solar energy entering thebuilding though the entire window. A lowerSHGV will reduce air conditioning costs andprovide more comfort on hot days.

9. Air Leakage (AL) is a measure of theamount of air that can pass through thecracks and joints in the window assembly.The lower the AL, the less air will pass through.

10. Independent Certification andInspection Agency (IA) selected by the windowmanufacturer. All testing is done by an NFRC-accredited laboratory, and results are sent tothe IA for evaluation. Both laboratories andmanufacturers are inspected annually toensure that NFRC standards are maintained.

Source: www.NFRC.org

1.

2.

3.

5.

7.

6.

4.

8.

9.

1. Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints

Description:

Leaks in the joints betweenductwork allow conditioned air toescape into attics and basements.Nationally, leaks at the jointsbetween ductwork connectionsallow, on average, 25% of theconditioned air to escape intoattics and basements. Duct tapeloses its effectiveness in 3-5 years.Mastic maintains the seal for decades.

Application:

Install mastic at every metal ductjoint and around the bends in elbows.It is important for all ducts to besealed. Professional testing for aduct leakage rate of under 10% canbe helpful in determining success.

Benefit:

Leaky air ducts can cause negativepressure in the house which canallow carbon monoxide from gaswater heaters and furnaces into thehome. Well-sealed ductwork alsokeeps the house more comfortable.

2. Install New Ductwork withinConditioned Space

Description:

Ducts in exterior walls, attics andin uninsulated spaces lose asignificant amount of heated orcooled air capacity.

Application:

All ductwork for heating or coolingshould be run through conditionedspace inside the insulated envelope.Ducts run through attic space can beburied under new loose fill insulation.

Benefit:

Locating ducts in the conditionedspace significantly reduces energyloss and improves occupant comfort.

3. Vent Range Hood to theOutside

Description:

Steams, gases, smoke and othercombustion by-products (such asunburned hydrocarbons) can resultfrom cooking. Stovetop rangehoods expel these by-products tothe outside.

Application:

Range hoods are particularlyimportant for gas stoves and canbe installed most easily wherestoves are adjacent to exterior walls.

Benefit:

Range hoods improve indoor airquality, prevent overheating andexcess moisture build-up.

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J.Heating,Ventilation andAir Conditioning (HVAC)

GREEN BUILDING TIP INSPECT AIR DUCTS REGULARLY

Ducts should be inspected, tested and sealed to ensure adequate airflow and eliminateloss of conditioned air. Ducts can leak as much as 20-30% of the air passing throughthem and can bring dust, unconditioned outdoor air and humidity into living spaces. Tofind out how leaky your ducts are have them professionally tested and seek to have themrepaired so that you accomplish a leakage rate of under 10%. Thorough duct sealing cancut heating and cooling costs in many homes by 20%.

4. Clean all Ducts BeforeOccupancy

Description:

Debris and dust from construction cancause allergic reactions in occupants.

Application:

Cover or seal all ductwork in workspace during construction. Cleanor vacuum all ductwork beforeoccupancy to eliminate dust. Cleanducts before carpet is laid andfinishes are applied.

Benefit:

Children are especially sensitive tomicro particulates like drywall dust.Cleaning and vacuuming ductworkreduces dust around the house afteroccupancy.

5. Install Solar Attic Fan

Description:

Solar attic fans exhaust heat fromattic spaces in summer and clearcondensation in the winter.

Application:

Solar attic fans are powered by the sunand are most effective when placedon the southern side of the roof andcentered between the roof rafters. Avoidinstalling under overhanging trees orother structures creating shade.

Benefit:

In the summer, attics can reach upto 150ºF. That heat migrates into thehome and increases the temperatureinside. A solar attic fan removesmuch of this hot air and reduces theburden on the air conditioning system.

6. Install Attic VentilationSystems

Description:

Soffit/eave ventilation andgable/continuous ridge ventilationexhaust excess heat and moisturefrom attic spaces by naturalconvection.

Application:

Install equal amounts of ventilationbetween the soffits/eaves and thegables/ridges. The code requirementof 1 square foot of net free area ofventing for every 150 square feet ofattic floor area should be doubled.Keep insulation from blocking thesoffit/eave vents.

Benefit:

Attics can reach up to 150º F ona hot summer day. That heatmigrates into the house, exchangingair with the living space. Eave andsoffit venting and continuous ridgeventing increases comfort, reducesair conditioning costs and reducesproblems associated with excessattic moisture.

7. Install Whole House Fan

Description:

Whole house fans can cool a housewithout using an air conditioner byexhausting warm, indoor air andbringing in large volumes of fresh,cool, outdoor air at night.

Application:

The fan must be mounted in ahallway ceiling on the top floor. Aninsulated, airtight seal is necessaryto prevent air leakage through thefan in winter. Fans should be sizedto produce between 4-5 air changesper hour and should have twospeeds: low speed for continuousventilation and high speed.PLEASE NOTE: Keep a windowopen when fan is running to avoidback drafting of carbon monoxidefrom gas appliance flues.

Benefit:

An average whole house fan usesone-tenth the electricity of an airconditioning unit. Moving largevolumes of air can achieve indoorcomfort at higher temperatureswithout air conditioning.

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Air Flow with Whole-House Fan

8. Install Sealed CombustionFurnaces and Hot Water Heaters

Description:

Sealed combustion furnaces andwater heaters duct fresh, outdoorair directly into a sealed jacketaround the combustion chambereliminating the use of conditionedhouse air for combustion.

Application:

Install in place of conventionalfurnaces or hot water heaters.

Benefit:

Traditional natural gas furnaces andhot water heaters use conditioned,indoor air for combustion. Whena negative pressure situation iscreated in the home by exhaustfans, dryers or leaky ducts, carbonmonoxide can be pulled into thehouse from the combustionchamber and exhaust flue. Sealedfurnaces and hot water heaterseliminate that condition, therebyimproving indoor air quality andreducing the danger of carbonmonoxide contamination. They alsoimprove energy efficiency by nottaking your home’s conditioned airand sending it outdoors throughthe exhaust flues.

9. Replace Wall-Mounted Electricand Gas Heaters with Through-the-Wall Heat Pumps

Description:

Wall-mounted electric and gasheating units are potential healthand fire hazards. Gas units produceboth unburned hydrocarbons andcarbon monoxide, a deadly unnotice-able gas. A wall heat pump has anexterior compressor and an interiorair handler that blows conditionedair throughout the home.

Application:

Replace any wall-mounted heaterwith a heat pump. Replacementwith a heat pump is potentiallyexpensive. Another option is to usethe water heater as the heat sourceusing fan coils in each room todistribute heat in the home.

Benefit:

Eliminating wall-mounted electricand gas heaters results in greatersafety and more energy savings.

10. Install 13 SEER and 11 EERor Higher Air Conditioning with aThermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV)

Description:

Air conditioning equipment is oneof the greatest loads on power grids.SEER (Seasonal Energy EfficiencyRatio) measures cooling systemefficiency at low temperatures whileEER (Energy Efficiency Ratio) is ahigh temperature performancerating. The higher the SEER/EERnumber the less power is requiredto provide comfort. This assures thatthe air conditioning system operatesat high efficiency during the fullrange of summer temperatures.TXV is a refrigerant regulationdevice that can help ensure that theair conditioning system operates atmaximum efficiency over a widerange of conditions.

Application:

Higher SEER (13 – 18 SEER)and EER (11 or greater) units areinstalled like any other AC equip-ment. Some AC equipment comeswith a factory installed TXV andothers accept a TXV that can bebolted on. Zoned AC systems allow2 to 4 zones to be conditioned atdifferent temperatures so only thespaces being used are cooled. Theserequire thermostats in each zone.

Benefit:

High SEER units save money andenergy and reduce peak loadproblems for utilities. High EERsystems not only save money andenergy but offer more cooling whenyou need it most, on very hot days.Installing air conditioning systemswith a TXV lowers utility bills andsaves energy.

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11. Install Air Conditioning withNon-HCFC Refrigerants

Description:

R-22 is an HCFC refrigerant used inresidential heating and cooling sys-tems. R–22 contains chlorine whichis an ozone-destroying chemical. In2010, under the Clean Air Act, HVACmanufacturers can no longer producenew air conditioners using R-22.

Application:

Some new AC units already usealternatives to R-22 refrigerant suchas R-410A, as well as the trade brandPuron and others. Additional careshould be taken when handlingrefrigerants, always select a reputabledealer who employs service techniciansthat have achieved EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) certificationto handle refrigerants.

Benefit:

Using alternatives to HCFCrefrigerants reduces depletion ofthe ozone layer in case of leakageduring replacement.

12. Install 90% Annual FuelUtilization Efficiency (AFUE)Furnace

Description:

High efficiency furnaces convertgas to heat with greater efficiency.

Application:

Replace conventional furnaces withhigh efficiency models. Installing theproper size of furnace for the homeis just as important as its efficiency.Check with your local utility companyfor rebate information.

Benefit:

A properly sized, high efficiencyfurnace costs less to operate. Itsaves natural resources, reducesair emissions and helps create acleaner environment.

13. Retrofit Wood BurningFireplaces

Description:

The burning of wood in fireplacesis a major source of air pollutionduring the winter months, generat-ing up to one-third of the particulatematter on cold evenings. In addition,open fireplaces suck air out of thehouse and extract more heat thanthey provide. Retrofitting woodburning fireplaces with airtight doorsand working dampers reduces downdrafting, heat loss and the amountof oxygen drawn from the house forcombustion purposes.

Application:

Retrofit wood burning fireplaceswith EPA certified wood stoves orfireplace inserts, pellet stoves ornatural gas units. These units shouldhave direct outside combustion airvented into the insert. If totalretrofit is not feasible, then replaceold damper if it no longer seals theflue due to mechanical failure,rust or soot buildup in the chimney.Retrofit sealed doors onto fireplaces.Outside air, needed for combustion,should be brought in behind thedoors. Some fireplaces provide forcontrolled air intake from insidethe house that can be shut downwhen not in use.

Benefit:

EPA certified stoves or fireplaceinserts reduce the amount ofpollutant particulate matter by75-90% compared to a standardfireplace. A properly operatingdamper reduces drafts throughoutthe house when the fireplace is notin use. Airtight doors, when shut,can reduce the heat taken from thehouse as well as reduce draftswhen the fireplace is not in use.

14. Install Zoned, Hydronic,Radiant Heating

Description:

Hydronic heating forces hot waterthrough radiators located in differentareas or zones throughout thehouse. It is typically installed asbaseboards or in floors.

Application:

Use hydronic, radiant heatinginstead of forced air heating. Thesystem must be designed beforeconstruction starts.

Benefit:

Hydronic heating is more comfort-able and saves energy by heatingonly the zone that requires heat.

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GREEN BUILDING TIP CHANGE FURNACE FILTERS OFTEN

Furnace filters capture large particles of dust, pollen, and other indoor pollutantspreventing them from build-up on the workings of the system and from distributingthroughout your home. The best option is to purchase high efficiency disposable filterswith a MERV rating of between 6 and 12; greater than 12 will restrict your system’s airflow too much. Replace these filters as they become built-up with contaminants;generally every two months or as needed. If utilizing reusable, high efficiency electronicor electrostatic filters, remember to clean them often.

15. Install High Efficiency Filter

Description:

High efficiency filters remove 70%or more of dust and particulatesfrom the air.

Application:

Filters are installed in the returnair stream at the air handler, whichshould be sized to handle thereduced air pressure caused by thefilter. Some units have an air con-ditioning setting for the fan thatwill handle the retrofit filter.

Benefit:

The EPA has identified micropar-ticulates as a leading cause ofrespiratory discomfort. By removingthese particles, the filter makesthe living space healthier.

16. Install Heat RecoveryVentilation Unit (HRV)

Description:

An HRV is a mechanical ventilationsystem that recovers heat from theexhausting, stale, indoor air andtransfers it to the incoming, fresh,outdoor air.

Application:

The unit should be designed into the HVAC system to distribute thefresh air more evenly throughoutthe home. Note: Use of this equipmentis particularly appropriate withblower door test results of lessthan .35 Natural Air Changes perHour (NACH).

Benefit:

Heat recovery ventilators providefresh, outdoor air while exhaustingstale indoor air. They also saveenergy by recovering the heat lostin the exhausting air and transferit to the incoming air.

17. Install Separate Garage Exhaust Fan

Description:

According to the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,an attached garage is the singlemost significant contributor topoor indoor air quality. Car exhaustcontains many known carcinogensand can migrate into living spacesthrough doors and cracks in wallsadjacent to the garage.

Application:

Install exhaust fan on the oppositewall from the door to the house. Itcan be wired to an electric garagedoor or put on a timer to run for15 minutes after door has beenopened or closed. Do not installfan if water heater or gas furnaceare located in garage.

Benefit:

An exhaust fan creates a healthierindoor environment by reducingthe potential hazard of car exhaustfrom entering the house.

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Radiant Floor Heating

1. Pre-Plumb for Solar Water Heating

Description:

Insulated copper pipes are installedfrom the attic to a hot water closetor mechanical room for future solarinstallation. This option allows thehomeowner to install an active solarsystem at a later date if they desire.

Application:

Provide south-facing roof area forcollectors and access for piping toa mechanical room. This is primarilyapplicable to homes that are beingextensively rehabilitated on theinterior. The most cost-effectivetime to install this pre-plumbing isduring construction.

Benefit:

Solar hot water pre-plumbing duringthe remodeling process can savemoney for the homeowner if, atsome point in the future, they wantto install a solar system.

2. Install Solar Water Heating

Description:

Solar water heating systems use solarpanels to collect heat from the sun.The hot water is stored for use at alater time. Water pre-heated by a

solar system can also supplementuse of a standard water heater.

Application:

Provide sufficient south-facing roofarea for collectors, and space in ahot water closet for the additionalhot water storage tank.

Benefit:

Solar hot water systems can payback in as little as seven years andreduce the use of gas or electricityfor water heating.

3. Pre-Wire for FuturePhotovoltaic (PV) Installation

Description:

Running wires from the roof to theelectric service entrance/circuitbreaker panel can save costlyinstallation of photovoltaic panelsat a future date.

Application:

Run two pair #10 THHN wire plus#8 ground in conduit from thesouth facing roof to a junction boxnear the panel (don’t wire thepanel). East and West facingroofs can work if the South isunavailable or shaded for panels.

Benefit:

Photovoltaic panels and systemswill continue to drop in priceover the next few years.Homebuyers may not be able toafford the system today but maybe interested in the future whenthe price comes down. Visitwww.consumerenergycenter.orgfor more information on rebates.

GREEN BUILDING TIP CONSIDER THE BENEFITS OF INSTALLING PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) PANELS

Reliability: Generate your own electricity using renewable resources. Your electric utilitycan “store” and buy the extra electricity you generate or supply it if your system does notgenerate enough. Security: PV Panels provide a secure source of electricity. EnvironmentallyFriendly: PVs are a clean, replenishable resource that do not contribute to global warming.Sustainability: Use PVs to help ensure our energy future by tapping into an “infinite” powersupply. Contact the California Energy Commission at 800.555.7794 for information oncash rebates on eligible renewable energy electric-generating systems.

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Solar Water Heating

SolarCollector

Col

d Hot

Hot WaterStorage Tank

Heat Exchanger

4. Install Photovoltaic (PV) System

Description:

PV panels contain hundreds ofsmall cells that collect the sun’senergy and convert it into electricity.Excess electricity can be sent backinto the utility grid for a credit onelectric bills. The collected energycan also be stored in large batteriesto meet the needs of nighttimeenergy requirements.

Application:

Typical PV installations include flatroof, sloped roof, building integratedPV and ground mount. Items toconsider when installing PV include:sunlight – minimum of 4 hoursrequired during peak period (8 a.m.to 4 p.m.) with no shade; orienta-tion – anything but North; angle –flat to 60 degrees; adequate roofarea-depending on type of PVselected (monocrystal, polycrystalor amorphous).

Benefit:

PV panels can be used as ameans to decrease reliance onconventional power plants thatcontribute to air pollution.

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5. Select Safe and DurableRoofing Materials

Description:

40-50 year asphalt composition,tile, slate, fiber-cement and metalare examples of safe and durableroofing materials. Avoid cedar andwood shake shingles.

Application:

Applicable anytime roofing materialis specified.

Benefit:

A durable and safe roof is costeffective and reduces landfilldeposits. Some products mayalso reduce your homeownerinsurance rates.

6. Install Radiant Barrier

Description:

When radiant energy from thesun strikes the roof surface, it isconverted to heat energy whichradiates downward into the atticand the adjoining rooms. A radiantbarrier reflects or blocks radiantheat and does not emit it to thecooler surfaces around it. Radiantbarrier sheathing is a roof sheathingmaterial with a reflective layer(film or foil) applied to the under-side of the OSB. Another radiantbarrier application is reflective filmor foil that attaches to the rafters,reflects radiant heat upwards anddoes not emit it downward towardsthe attic and the home’s interior.

Application:

Radiant barrier sheathing can beused in place of conventional roofsheathing or apply reflective material(foil or paint) to the underside ofrafters and decking.

Benefit:

Radiant barriers reduce heatbuild-up in attic spaces by notre-radiating heat from the roof tothe attic and eventually to theinterior rooms. They can preventup to 97% of the sun’s radiantheat from entering the home andcan bring attic temperaturesdown as much as 30 degrees onhot days, keeping the wholehome cooler and reducing energyconsumption for air conditioning.

Installing Solar Water System Radiant Barrier Sheathing

Photovoltaic Panel System

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1. Incorporate Passive Solar Heating

Description:

Passive solar systems provide heatto the structure through southfacing windows in conjunctionwith internal thermal mass.

Application:

The house must incorporate windowsthat face within 30 degrees of duesouth and have the ability to storeexcess heat in massive elementssuch as a slab floor or stone fireplace.

Benefit:

Passive solar design can reduceheating requirements by 30-50%,saving energy and money.

2. Install Overhangs or Awningsover South Facing Windows

Description:

Properly sized overhangs or awningson south facing windows are importantcomponents of passive solar heatingand natural cooling. Overhangs andawnings help keep the heat of thesun from entering the home duringsummer, but allow heat to enter inthe winter. These shade controldevices can be oversized roof over-hangs, wood trellises/arbors withdeciduous plants, or adjustable ordemountable awnings made offabric or metal.

Application:

The overhang or awning designshould keep out summer sun byshading the entire window duringthe hottest month(s) of the year.Size overhangs or awnings abovesouth windows so that winter sunlight

is allowed into the space, where itcan be absorbed by thermal mass,and be re-radiated as heat. Alsoconsider shading devices on the westand east facing windows to protectfrom morning and afternoon heat,especially in hotter climates.

Benefit:

Overhangs, awnings and trellises arean integral part of making passivesolar heating and natural coolingwork. Removable/retractable fabricawnings offer a low cost solutionto reduce heat gain, lower energybills, and make the home morecomfortable in the summer.

3. Plant Deciduous Shade Treeson the West and South Sides

Description:

During summer months, the sunshines on the south and west sidesof the home causing the home toheat up which in turn makes airconditioners work their hardest.Trees offer the best solution forkeeping out low-angle sunlight fromwest and south windows in summer.

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Awning and Trellises to Reduce Heat Gain

The additional cooling demandedby low-angle sun penetration ofwest windows in late summer after-noons create the most significantsummer peak utility costs.

Application:

Plant shade trees on the west andsouth sides of the home to provideshade and summer cooling. Themost important areas to shade arewindows and paved areas. Keeptrees an appropriate distance fromthe home or utilities to avoid intro-duction of pests and root/branchintrusions as trees mature.

Benefit:

Planting shade trees can reducesummer air-conditioning costsby 25% to 40%. Trees providenumerous additional benefits tothe environment includingcleansing the air, creating habitatsfor birds and play places for childrenas well as adding aesthetic beautyto the neighborhood. Throughshade and evapotranspiration,trees can create a microclimatethat is up to 15 degrees coolerthan the surrounding area.

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1. Use Low/No VOC Paint

Description:

Most paint releases volatile organiccompounds (VOCs), a major indoorair pollutant, into the home. Onceoutside, VOCs react with otherpollutants, producing ground-levelozone that also affects human health.Often low/no-VOC products are man-ufactured without mercury or mercurycompounds, or pigments of lead,cadmium, chromium, or their oxides.

Application:

Paint with low/no-VOCs is availablefrom most major manufacturersand is applied like traditional paintproducts. High washability shouldbe specified for bathrooms,kitchens and children's bedrooms.Every finish and most colors areavailable in low/no-VOC paints.

Benefit:

Low/No-VOC paint reduces theemissions of VOCs into thehome, improving indoor air qualityand reducing the formation ofurban smog.

2. Use Low VOC, Water-BasedWood Finishes

Description:

Conventional solvent-based woodfinishes can offgas for months, andcan be harmful to children. LowVOC finishes, such as water-borneurethane and acrylic, are lower intoxic compounds compared to conventional solvent-based finisheswhile providing similar durability.

Application:

Low VOC wood finishes can beused in most applications wheresolvent-based finishes are typicallyused. If solvent-based wood finishesmust be used, they should be leftto offgas for three to four weeksprior to occupancy.

Benefit:

Using low VOC wood finishes reducesoffgassing into the home, improvingindoor air quality, and reducing the formation of urban smog.

3. Use Low/No-VOC Adhesives

Description:

Unlike solvent-based adhesivesthat off-gas toxic compounds formonths, low/no-VOC adhesivesreduce toxic gasses such as aro-matic hydrocarbons or solventsthat contribute to air pollution.

Application:

Use low/no-VOC products in placeof standard adhesives for allinterior applications such asinstallation of flooring, countertops,wall coverings, paneling andtub/shower enclosures.

Benefit:

Low/No-VOC adhesives are oftenstronger, emit fewer pollutants,and reduce the potential harmfulimpacts on the health of theoccupants and installers.

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Low/No-VOC paint

M. Indoor Air Quality / Finishes

GREEN BUILDING TIP CONTACT BAY AREA BUILD IT GREEN

Build It Green is a program designed to provide Bay Area homeowners, homebuyers, remodelers, and builders a trusted resource for information on Green Building and its various applications. A local effort with far reaching effects, the program is dedicated to creating healthier, more durable, and energy andresource-efficient homes that will provide Bay Area residents years of higher quality living.Visit www.build-green.org for more information on events, products, presentations and more.

4. Use Salvaged BuildingMaterials for Interior Finish

Description:

Salvaged building materials areselectively and carefully removedfrom buildings for reuse. Manysalvaged materials are superior tothe products available today suchas old-growth non-structural beams,flooring and interior trim.

Application:

Use salvaged building materials thesame way conventional materials areused. Please note, salvaged paintedwood items often contain lead basedpaint. Use lead safe painting andpaint removal strategies identifiedby the Alameda County LeadPoisoning Prevention Program –www.aclppp.org/hazard.shtml.

Benefit:

Using salvaged building materialskeeps valuable resources out oflandfills, reduces pressures on thelandfills as well as offering thehomeowner inexpensive andunique materials for the home.

5. Use Engineered Sheet Goodswith No Added Formaldehyde

Description:

Engineered sheet goods such asparticleboard and medium densityfiberboard (MDF) typically useadhesives that contain ureaformaldehyde, a suspected humancarcinogen. The formaldehyde iscontinuously released, referred toas "offgassing", for years afterinstallation. Formaldehyde off-gassing contributes to poor indoor airquality. Better alternatives includeMDF without formaldehyde bindersas well as sheet goods made fromagricultural waste, such as straw-based particleboard manufacturedwith non-formaldehyde binders.

Application:

Whenever possible, eliminate newparticleboard and formaldehydebased MDF inside the home by usingsolid wood for stair treads, exteriorgrade plywood (which uses the lessdangerous phenol formaldehyde),MDF with formaldehyde-freebinders, or straw-based MDF for

shelving, cabinets, trim andsubstrate for countertops.

Benefit:

Elimination of engineered sheetgoods containing urea formaldehydereduces exposure to residents,particularly children, who are mostsusceptible. Some boards madefrom agricultural waste are superiorto wood-based particleboard inmoisture resistance and structuralproperties, and provides for thereuse of a former waste product.

6. Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses

Description:

Exterior plywood uses phenolicresins that offgas one-tenth asmuch as interior plywood. Interiorplywood typically uses urea-formaldehyde glue which offgassesinto the house.

Application:

Substitute interior plywood withexterior plywood for custom cabinetsand shelving.

Benefit:

Formaldehyde is a suspectedhuman carcinogen and should beavoided whenever possible.

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GREEN BUILDING TIP SELECT LESS-TOXIC CLEANING SUPPLIES

High-quality, non-toxic and environmentally responsible cleaning products are readilyavailable. Choose products that are non-toxic, ammonia and chlorine-free, as well asbiodegradable. These cleaning products are as effective as conventional cleaners, withoutharsh chemicals that can lead to health problems and atmospheric ozone loss. For tips onhow to make and use toxic-free household cleaners, call 1.877.STOPWASTE for a copy ofEasy Recipes for A Healthy House.

Formaldehyde-Free Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)

7. Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF

Description:

Using non-toxic, low permeability paintor sealer to seal exposed particleboardor MDF will reduce the release ofharmful gasses and is the next bestsolution to elimination of particleboard.

Application:

Whenever formaldehyde-basedMDF or particleboard is used, sealall exposed edges of cabinets,undersides of countertops, stairs,shelving, etc. with at least two coatsof less-toxic, low permeability paintor sealer prior to installation.

Benefit:

Sealing all exposed particleboardreduces exposure of harmful emissionsto residents, particularly children,who are most susceptible.

8. Use Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certified Materialfor Interior Finish

Description:

FSC certified materials (e.g. trim,doors, shelving) come from foreststhat are managed in accordancewith sustainable forest practices.It is particularly important to specify

FSC certified wood instead ofclear, knot-free trim as this materialis typically harvested from non-sustainable, old growth forests.

Application:

Use FSC certified materials in anyapplication that normally uses con-ventional stain-grade materials.

Benefit:

Sustainable forest certification assuresthat the forest from which the trim isproduced is managed in a way thatwill assure the long-term availabilityof these precious woods while pro-tecting ancient, old growth forests.

9. Use Finger-Jointed orRecycled-Content Trim

Description:

Finger-jointed trim is manufacturedfrom short pieces of clear wood gluedtogether to create finished trim.recycled-content trim is made fromrecycled polystyrene/plastics.

Application:

Use finger-jointed or recycled-content trim in any applicationwhere trim is to be painted.

Benefit:

Finger-jointed or recycled-contenttrim is straighter and more stablethan conventional clear wood, anduses materials more efficiently.

10. Install Whole House VacuumSystem

Description:

Whole house vacuums exhaustthe dust to the outside rather thancollecting it in a bag that may notfilter the dust effectively.

Application:

Whole house vacuum systemsmust be vented outdoors, not intoa garage, and not to any areawhere air may be taken back intothe house.

Benefit:

Whole house vacuums expel thedust outside the house whereasmost vacuum cleaners do not filterthe dust effectively and merelyredistribute the dust that is mostharmful to the respiratory system.This can aggravate asthma andother respiratory problems.

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GREEN BUILDING TIP PURCHASE VACUUM CLEANER WITH HEPA FILTER

If installing a whole house vacuum system is not feasible, consider purchasing a highefficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. It catches small dust particles that are typicallyblown around the house during vacuuming. The EPA has determined that indoorparticulate dust is a significant health hazard. HEPA filters reduce exposure to theseharmful particulates. Children, asthmatics, senior citizens and others with respiratorydiseases can benefit from reduced dust in the living environment.

1. Select Forest StewardshipCouncil (FSC) Certified Wood Flooring

Description:

Certified wood flooring comes fromforests that are managed in accor-dance with sustainable forest practices.Certified wood flooring productsare available in a wide variety ofdomestic and exotic species.

Application:

Use FSC certified wood in place ofconventional hardwood flooring.

Benefit:

Sustainable forest certification assuresthat the forest from which the floor-ing is produced is managed in a waythat will assure the long-term avail-ability of these precious woods whileprotecting ancient, old-growth forests.

2. Use Rapidly RenewableFlooring Materials

Description:

Bamboo and cork flooring are alter-natives to hardwood flooring. Bamboois a fast growing grass that can beharvested in three to five years.Cork is a natural flooring materialthat is obtained from the outerbark of the cork oak tree that isregenerated every 10 years.

Application:

Use these alternative flooring materialsin place of conventional hardwood. Itis important to specify a durable finish.

Benefit:

Fast growing, rapidly renewablefloor substitutes are attractive andreduce pressure on hardwood forests.Bamboo is as durable as wood;cork is naturally fire and moistureresistant as well as sound absorbing.

3. Use Recycled-Content Ceramic Tile

Description:

Recycled-content ceramic tile cancontain up to 70% recycled glass.Originally developed for high trafficcommercial conditions, recycled-content tiles are very durable andwear well in residential applications.

Application:

Install recycled-content tiles wher-ever conventional tiles are specified.

Benefit:

Some recycled-content ceramic tile isvery dense which significantly reducesthe amount of moisture and stains thatare absorbed into the tile, making itmore durable and easier to maintain.

4. Install Natural Linoleum InPlace of Vinyl

Description:

Natural linoleum is manufacturedfrom natural materials such as corkand linseed oil. Unlike vinyl, linoleumdoes not contain petroleum-basedproducts or chlorinated chemicalssuch as PVC, which may be asource of VOC offgassing. There isalso concern of byproducts such ascancer causing dioxins, which maybe produced during the manufac-turing of vinyl.

Application:

Use natural linoleum in place ofvinyl flooring.

Benefit:

Linoleum is low-toxic, easy to repair,durable, and stain resistant. Linoleumcan last up to 40 years whereasvinyl lasts typically 7-10 years.

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N. Flooring

Bamboo Flooring

GREEN BUILDING TIP PLACE DOORMATS AT ALL EXTERIOR DOORS

Dust, dirt-borne contaminants, and chemicals such as fertilizer and pesticides are trackedinto the house on shoes. Using a doormat, or preferably leaving shoes at the door, reducesthis source of toxic contaminants. A doormat is an easy and inexpensive method to reducetoxic materials that would otherwise be brought into the home.

GREEN BUILDING TIP MINIMIZING OFFGASSING FROM ADHESIVES

Use low VOC, water-based sealants and low/no solvent adhesives when installing orrefinishing flooring. When installing laminate flooring, use glueless installation tominimize offgassing from adhesives.

Description:

Recycled-content carpet is madefrom recycled plastic bottles,recycled nylon/wool or recycledcotton. Recycled-content carpetdoes not differ in appearance orperformance and the price iscomparable to conventional carpet.Some recycled-content carpetsinclude agricultural by-productssuch as corn silk. Carpet tiles aswell as broadloom are available.The Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI)has a Green Label Indoor AirQuality Test Program which labelsthe VOC content of carpeting.

Application:

Use recycled-content carpet in allapplications where conventionalcarpet is specified. Choose carpetthat meets or exceeds the CRIGreen Label requirements. Resource: www.carpet-rug.com

Benefit:

Recycled-content carpet savesresources and diverts waste fromlandfills. Approximately 40 two-litersoda bottles are recycled per squareyard of carpeting. Recycled carpetis often more resilient and colorfastthan carpet made from virgin fibers.

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Ingredients of Natural Linoleum

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5. Use Exposed Concrete as Finished Floor

Description:

For slab-on-grade additions, theconcrete can be polished, finishedwith expansion joints in variouspatterns or stained with pigments tomake an attractive finish floor. Thisapproach is especially appropriatefor radiant, in-floor heating systems.

Application:

Use this approach for finishedbasements or additions on slabconstruction. Finish must bedesigned and constructed whenslab is being poured.

Benefit:

When using the slab as a floor finish,it eliminates the need to use otherflooring materials. It is durable andeasy to clean and can be used tohold piping for active radiant floorheating or as a thermal mass forpassive solar heating.

Look for carpets that meet

or exceeds the CRI Green

Label requirements.

6. Install Recycled-Content Carpet with Low-VOCs

Chapter Four:

Summary of Green Building Benefits

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Increases the strength and durability of the concrete and reduces the amount of cement needed.

Saves money, natural resources and energy.

Reduces utility bills by minimizing heat loss.

Engineered studs are straighter, and will not deform, twist, split orwarp. They save wood by using small laminated pieces.

7. Use Engineered Studs for Vertical Applications

Steel reduces the need for wood and provides strong interior walls.8. Use Recycled-Content Steel Studs for Interior Framing

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Reduces pressure on landfills, saves money by reducing landfill fees, and provides raw materials for future building products.

1. Recycle Job Site Construction and Demolition Waste

A. Site BENEFITS

Reduces landfill deposits, decreases disposal costs and saves naturalresources.

2. Salvage Reusable Building Materials

Reduces storm runoff, fertilizer and pesticide requirements, improveswater quality and conserves irrigation water.

4. Protect Native Soil

Minimizes erosion and water pollution; and protects the Bay.6. Implement Construction Site Stormwater Practices

Reduces the volume of polluted water flowing into rivers or the Bay.7. Protect Water Quality with Landscape Design

Helps conserve water, reduces use of chemicals, and creates healthier soil and plants.

8. Design Resource-Efficient Landscapes and Gardens

Helps prevent soil erosion, maintains existing sources of natural cooling,diverts waste from landfills, and adds a unique character to the community.

5. Minimize Disruption of Existing Plants and Trees

Diverts demolition waste, preserves neighborhood character andconserves resources.

3. Remodel for Mixed Use, Adaptive Reuse, and Historic Preservation

Conserves natural resources and strengthens markets for recycled materials.

9. Reuse Materials/Use Recycled-Content Materials for Landscape Areas


B. Foundation

3. Insulate Foundation Before Backfill

2. Use Recycled-Content Aggregate

Reduces landscape water use and lowers water costs.10. Install High Efficiency Irrigation Systems

Reduces the need to use treated, potable water for lawns and gardens.11. Provide for On-Site Water Catchment/Retention

Reduces demand for virgin lumber, is stronger, straighter, and more durable.1. Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered Lumber

C. Structural Frame

Ensures long-term availability of precious woods.2. Use FSC Certified Wood for Framing

Uses 50% less wood fiber, will not twist, warp or split, stronger andlighter than 2x10s or 2x12s and can span greater distances.

Eliminates waste. Reduces the pressure on old growth forests.4. Use Web Floor Trusses

Allows for full insulation around the house, saving energy and money.5. Design Energy Heels on Roof Trusses 6" or More

3. Use Wood I-Joists for Floors and Ceilings

Uses recycled-content materials, is straighter and stronger than solid sawnstuds, and eliminates crooked walls, thereby reducing material waste.

6. Use Finger-Jointed Studs for Vertical Applications

12. Use OSB for Subfloor and Sheathing

11. Use Reclaimed Lumber for Non-Structural Applications

Reduces infiltration relative to frame construction, is energy-efficient,provides excellent soundproofing, is erected quickly, and saves wood by eliminating much of the conventional framing lumber.

9. Use Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)

Makes the home more energy efficient, saves wood and constructioncosts. It also allows for a higher percentage of the wall to be insulatedreducing frame conduction heat loss.

10. Apply Advanced Framing Techniques

Reduces resource consumption and landfill deposits, and is often of higher quality than new lumber.

Reduces the need for large diameter old-growth trees, is as strong astraditional plywood sheet material and is less expensive.

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Contains recycled-content materials, is more durable and reducesdemand for old-growth timbers.


D. Exterior Finish BENEFITS

Reduces exposure to chromium and arsenic, which are harmful, partic-ularly to children who play on structures built with treated wood.

2. Use Treated Wood That Does Not Contain Chromium or Arsenic

Protects the home by diverting water away from the wall cavity.3. Install House Wrap Under Siding

Lowers energy bills and reduces need for energy production.1. Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs)

F. Electrical

Saves energy and reduces the amount of heat loss/gain.2. Install IC-AT Recessed Lighting Fixtures with CFLs

Reduces need for energy and lowers energy bills.

Reduces the need for air conditioning. Saves energy.4. Install High Efficiency Ceiling Fans with CFLs

3. Install Lighting Controls

Reduces water and energy use, and lowers utility bills.1. Install Energy Star® Dishwasher

G. Appliances

Uses less water and energy than conventional top loading washers.2. Install Washing Machine with Water and Energy Conservation Features

Reduces energy and can save over 10% on utility bill.3. Install Energy Star® Refrigerator

Makes it easy and convenient to recycle.4. Install Built-In Recycling Center

4. Use Fiber-Cement Siding Materials Lasts longer, is fire-resistant, and reduces maintenance costs.

Saves energy and water, and reduces water heating costs.2. Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes

Reduces heat loss by 10% (on older heaters.)1. Install Water Heater Jacket

E. Plumbing

Saves water and is a low cost option.3. Retrofit all Faucets and Showerheads with Flow Reducers

Reduces chlorine absorbed by skin.

Deliver hot water quicker to fixture, saving water and energy.8. Install On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump

Saves energy, is often quicker and more reliable.6. Convert Storage to Tankless Water Heater

Reduces contaminants in water.7. Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets

5. Install Chlorine Filter on Showerheads

Saves water.4. Replace Toilets with Ultra-Low-Flush Models

Lowers utility bills, improves comfort, decreases heating and coolingneeds and makes home quieter.

1. Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to Exceed Title 24 Requirements

Lowers utility bills, improves comfort.2. Install Floor Insulation Over Crawl Space

H. Insulation

Reduces indoor air quality problems due to formaldehyde binders, andcan contain up to 30% recycled glass.

3. Install Recycled-Content, Fiberglass Insulation with No AddedFormaldehyde

Reduces drafts, and makes home more energy-efficient.

Increases energy-efficiency, uses recyclable materials, and contains no formaldehyde.


4. Use Advanced Infiltration Reduction Practices

Uses recycled-content materials and provides superior air infiltrationresistance.

6. Install Alternative Insulation Materials

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Improves indoor air quality, and keeps the homes more comfortable.1. Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints

J. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

Reduces energy loss and improves occupant comfort.2. Install New Ductwork within Conditioned Space

Improves indoor air quality.3. Vent Range Hood to the Outside

Reduces dust around the house after occupancy.4. Clean all Ducts Before Occupancy

Increases comfort and reduces air conditioning use.6. Install Attic Ventilation Systems

Reduces electricity usage, and moves large volumes of air to achieve comfort at higher temperatures without air conditioning.

7. Install Whole House Fan

Saves money and energy, and reduces peak load problems.10. Install 13 SEER and 11 EER or Higher Air Conditioning with aThermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV)

Reduces depletion of the ozone layer.11. Install Air Conditioning with Non-HCFC Refrigerants

Reduces air emissions, costs less to operate, and saves natural resources.12. Install 90% Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) Furnace

Reduces drafts, pollutant particulate matter and the amount of heattaken from the home.

13. Retrofit Wood Burning Fireplaces

Saves energy by only heating the zone that requires heat.14. Install Zoned, Hydronic, Radiant Heating

Makes living space healthier, and reduces microparticulates from the air.15. Install High Efficiency Filter

Improves indoor air quality and reduces energy.16. Install Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit (HRV)

Creates healthier indoor environments.17. Install Separate Garage Exhaust Fan

Improves indoor air quality, reduces the danger of carbon monoxidecontamination.

8. Install Sealed Combustion Furnaces and Hot Water Heaters

Increases comfort and reduces air conditioning use.5. Install Solar Attic Fan

Reduces fire hazard, saves energy and improves indoor air quality.9. Replace Wall-Mounted Electric and Gas Heaters

Increases energy-efficiency, and provides greater comfort.1. Install Energy-Efficient Windows

I. Windows BENEFITS

Reduces overheating, improves comforts and lowers the need foradditional cooling.

2. Install Low SHGC Window Film on Single-Glazing


Saves money should a solar system be installed in the future. 1. Pre-Plumb for Solar Water Heating

Reduces the use of gas or electricity, and pay back in as little as seven years.2. Install Solar Water Heating

Decreases reliance on conventional power plants. 4. Install Photovoltaic (PV) System

Reduces landfill deposits and saves money on replacement costs.5. Select Safe and Durable Roofing Materials

Keeps the whole home cooler by reducing heat build-up in attic spaces.6. Install Radiant Barrier

Allows installation of PV system in the future.3. Pre-Wire for Future Photovoltaic (PV) Installation


Reduces heating requirements by 30-50%, saves energy and money.1. Incorporate Passive Solar Heating

Reduce heat gain, making the home more comfortable in summer.

2. Install Overhangs or Awnings over South Facing Windows

Reduce summer air-conditioning costs while providing numerous bene-fits to the environment.

3. Plant Deciduous Shade Trees on the West and South Sides

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Improves indoor air quality, reduces smog, and is healthier for installers and occupants.

1. Use Low/No-VOC Paint

M. Indoor Air Quality and Finishes BENEFITS

Reduces smog and is healthier for installers and occupants.2. Use Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes

Improves indoor air quality, and are healthier for occupants and installers.3. Use Low/No-VOC Adhesives

Keeps valuable resources out of landfill. 4. Use Salvaged Building Materials for Interior Finish

Reduces exposure to formaldehyde, provides reuse of a former waste product.

5. Use Engineered Sheet Goods with No Added Formaldehyde

Reduces formaldehyde exposure to occupants.6. Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses

Assures the long-term availability of woods while protecting ancient, old-growth forests.

1. Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring

N. Flooring

Reduces demand for old-growth hardwood.2. Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials

Uses recycled-content materials and is easy to maintain.3. Use Recycled-Content Ceramic Tiles

Reduces exposure to toxins, is durable, and healthier for occupants and installers.

4. Install Natural Linoleum in Place of Vinyl

Eliminates the need for additional flooring materials, is easy to maintain, and very durable.

5. Use Exposed Concrete as Finished Floor

Saves resources, diverts waste from landfills, is more resilient and colorfast than carpet made from virgin fibers.

6. Install Recycled-Content Carpet with Low VOCs

Reduces exposure of harmful emissions to occupants.7. Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF

Assures the long-term availability of precious woods whileprotecting ancient, old-growth forests.

8. Use FSC Certified Materials for Interior Finish

Uses material more efficiently, saves money and resources, and is straighter and more stable than conventional clear wood.

9. Use Finger-Jointed or Recycled-Content Trim

Expels dust outside the house, improving indoor air quality.10. Install Whole House Vacuum System

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Chapter Five:

Green Remodeling Illustrations

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New AdditionConsider the following green remodeling options in a new addition.

Electrical• Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs

• Install Lighting Controls

• Install High Efficiency Ceiling Fans with CFLs

• Install Insulation-Compatible, Air-Tight Recessed Lighting Fixtureswith CFLs

Site • Recycle Job Site Construction and Demolition Waste

• Salvage Reusable Building Materials

• Design Resource-Efficient Landscapes and Gardens

• Provide for On-Site Water Catchment / Retention

• Remodel for Mixed Use, Adaptive Reuse, and Historic Preservation

• Install High Efficiency Irrigation Systems

• Reuse Materials or Use Recycled-Content Materials for Landscape Areas

• Protect Native Soil

• Minimize Disruption of Existing Plants and Trees

• Implement Construction Site Stormwater Practices

Foundation • Incorporate Recycled Flyash in Concrete

• Use Recycled-Content Aggregate for Backfill Drainage

• Insulate Foundation Before Backfill

Structural Frame • Substitute Solid Sawn Lumber with Engineered Lumber

• Use FSC Certified Wood for Framing

• Use Wood I-Joists for Floors and Ceilings

• Use OSB for Subfloor and Sheathing

• Use Finger-Jointed, Engineered or Steel Studs for Vertical Applications

• Use Reclaimed Lumber

• Use Web Floor Trusses

• Design Energy Heels on Roof Trusses 6” or More

• Apply Advanced Framing Techniques

Exterior Finish • Use Sustainable Decking Materials

• Use Treated Wood that Does Not Contain Chromium or Arsenic for Decking and Sill Plates

• Use Fiber-Cement Siding Materials

• Install House Wrap Under Siding

Plumbing • Install Hot Water Jacket Insulation

• Convert Storage to Tankless Water Heaters

• Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes

• Retrofit all Faucets and Showerheads with Flow Reducers

• Replace Toilets with Ultra-Low-Flow Models

• Install Chlorine Filter on Showerhead

• Install Water Filtration Units at Faucets

• Install On-Demand Hot Water Circulation Pump

Existing ceiling insulated to exceed Title 24

Solar hot water heating system

Engineered lumber in roof

High performance glazing

Finger-jointed orEngineered studs

Flyash concrete

Sustainable flooring

Low-VOC finish

Low/No VOC interior paint

Light colored 40-yearcomposition shingles

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Insulation• Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to Exceed Title 24 Requirements

• Install Recycled-Content Fiberglass Insulation with No Added Formaldehyde

• Use Advanced Infiltration Reduction Practices

• Use Cellulose Insulation

• Install Floor Insulation Over Crawl Space

Windows • Install Energy-Efficient Windows

• Install Low Solar Heat Gain Coefficient Window Film on Single-Glazing

House wrap under siding

Recycled-content insulationwith no added formaldehyde

Hot and cold water pipes insulated

Upgrade to double pane, low-E window

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)• Use Duct Mastic on all Duct Joints

• Install New Ductwork within Conditioned Space

• Install 90% or Greater Efficiency Gas Forced Air Furnace

• Install Attic Ventilation Systems or Solar Attic Fan

• Clean all Ducts Before Occupancy

• Install Whole House Fan

• Replace Wall-Mounted Electric and Gas Heaters with Heat Pumps

• Install Zoned, Hydronic, Radiant Heating

• Retrofit Wood Burning Fireplaces

• Install Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit (HRV)

• Install High Efficiency Filter

• Install 13 SEER and 11 EER (or higher) Air Conditioning with Non HCFC Refrigerant with a TXV

• Install Sealed Combustion Units

Renewable and Solar Energy• Pre-Plumb or Install Solar Water Heating System

• Pre-Wire or Install Photovoltaic (PV) System

• Install Radiant Barrier

• Select Safe and Durable Roofing Materials

Natural Heating and Cooling • Incorporate Passive Solar Heating

• Install Overhangs or Awnings over South Facing Windows

• Plant Deciduous Shade Trees over the West and South Sides

Indoor Air Quality / Finishes • Use Low/No-VOC Paint

• Use Low VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes

• Use Low/No VOC Adhesives

• Use Exterior Grade Plywood for Interior Uses

• Use FSC Certified Materials for Interior Finish

• Seal all Exposed Particleboard or MDF

• Use Finger Jointed or Recycled-Content Trim

• Use Salvaged Building Materials for Interior Finish

• Use Engineered Sheet Goods with No Added Formaldehyde

• Install Whole House Vacuum System

Flooring • Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring

• Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring Materials

• Use Recycled-Content Ceramic Tile

• Install Natural Linoleum in Place of Vinyl

• Use Exposed Concrete as Finished Floor

• Install Recycled-Content Carpet with low VOCs

Fiber cement siding


• Salvage Reusable Building Materials

• Implement Construction Site Stormwater Practices






• Use Web Floor Trusses

• Design Energy Heels on Roof Trusses 6” or More


Exterior Finish• Use Treated Wood that Does Not Contain Chromium or

Arsenic for Decking and Sill Plates

• Use Fiber-Cement Siding Materials

• Install House Wrap Under Siding

Plumbing• Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes




Electrical• Install Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs)



• Install Insulation-Compatible, Air-Tight Recessed Lighting Fixtureswith CFLs

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Second FloorConsider the following green remodeling options in a second floor.

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Double pane, Low-E window

Recycled-content carpetwith low VOCs

90% AFUE furnace

Fiber cement siding

40 year composition roofing

Whole house fan

Insulation• Upgrade Wall and Ceiling Insulation to

Exceed Title 24 Requirements


• Use Cellulose and Other Alternative Insulation


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Oriented Strand Board in subfloor

Low VOC finish

Finger-jointed orEngineered studs

Engineered wood I-joist

FSC certified wood




• Install Whole House Fan

• Install 90% or Greater Efficiency Gas Forced Air Furnace

• Install Heat Recovery Ventilation Unit (HRV)


• Install 13 SEER and 11 EER (or higher) Air Conditioning with Non HCFC Refrigerant with a TXV


• Install Attic Ventilation Systems or Solar Attic Fan

Renewable Energy and Roofing • Install Radiant Barrier

• Pre-Wire or Install Photovoltaic (PV) System

• Select Safe and Durable Roofing Materials

Natural Heating and Cooling • Incorporate Passive Solar Heating

• Install Overhangs or Awnings over South Facing Windows







• Using Finger Jointed or Recycled-Content Trim

• Using Engineered Sheet Goods with No Added Formaldehyde

Flooring • Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring




• Install Recycled-Content Carpet with low VOCs




• Salvage Reusable Materials







Plumbing • Install Water Heater Jacket

• Convert Storage to Tankless Hot Water Heaters

• Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes

• Retrofit all Faucets and Showerheads with Flow Reducers

• Replace Toilets with Ultra-Low-Flow Models


• Install Water Filtration Units ar Faucets





• Install Insulation-Compatible, Air-Tight Recessed Lighting Fixtures


Exceed Title 24 Requirements












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BathroomConsider the following green remodeling options in a bathroom.

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FSC certified wood

Compact fluorescent bulbs

Flow reducers

Formaldehyde-free MDF substrate

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Indoor Air Quality / Finishes • Use Low/ No-VOC and Formaldehyde-Free Paint









Flooring • Use Recycled-Content Ceramic Tile



• Install Recycled-Content Carpet with Low VOCs

Low/No VOC interior paint

Ultra-Low-Flush toilet

Chlorine filter

Double paned, Low-E window

Recycled-content tile


• Salvage Reusable Materials

Plumbing • Insulate Hot and Cold Water Pipes

• Retrofit all Faucets with Flow Reducers






• Install Insulation-Compatible, Air-Tight Recessed Lighting Fixtures

Appliances• Install Energy Star® Dishwasher

• Install Washing Machine with Water and Energy Conservation Features

• Install Energy Star® Refrigerator

• Install Built-In Recycling Center


Exceed Title 24 Requirement





Windows• Install Energy-Efficient Windows



• Vent Range Hood to the Outside



Natural Heating and Cooling • Install Overhangs or Awnings over South Facing Windows

• Plant Deciduous Shade Trees on the West and South Sides

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Kitchen RemodelConsider the following green remodeling options in a kitchen remodel.

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Energy Star®

refrigerator

Range vented outside

Upgraded insulation

Sustainable flooring with Low/No VOC Adhesives










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Flow reducer

Compact fluorescent lightbulbs in IC-AT fixtures

Recycled-content tile

Formaldehyde-free materials

Non-toxic household cleaners

ENERGY STAR® dishwasher

Low/No VOC paint

FSC Certified trim

Upgraded insulation

Built-in recycling centerFlooring • Select FSC Certified Wood Flooring





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