home front america 2
TRANSCRIPT
Home Front Notes
World War 2World War 2
Federal Government Takes Control of Economy:
How to Pay for War?
• Tax System overhauled • Revenue Act of 1942
• Brackets on wealthiest went up to 90%• Additional brackets for lower and middle
income levels• 50 million people eligible to pay• Withholding system implemented
• Meaning?• Comprised approximately 41% of war
funds
• Tax System overhauled • Revenue Act of 1942
• Brackets on wealthiest went up to 90%• Additional brackets for lower and middle
income levels• 50 million people eligible to pay• Withholding system implemented
• Meaning?• Comprised approximately 41% of war
funds
Government Reminders
Department of Treasury
• Issued war bonds to raise money for the war effort and to fight inflation• a.k.a. liberty bonds
• 8 major drives lasting 4-7 weeks
• Celebrities used in fund raising campaigns
• Issued war bonds to raise money for the war effort and to fight inflation• a.k.a. liberty bonds
• 8 major drives lasting 4-7 weeks
• Celebrities used in fund raising campaigns
Hollywood Goes to War
Liberty Bonds
• Payroll savings plan allowed you to have money deducted from pay check and converted in bonds
• Comprised approximately 33% of war funds
• Payroll savings plan allowed you to have money deducted from pay check and converted in bonds
• Comprised approximately 33% of war funds
Government Reminders
Deficit Spending
• Must spend money we don’t have• National debt takes off from $42
billion to $279 billion• Comprised approximately 25% of
war funds
• Must spend money we don’t have• National debt takes off from $42
billion to $279 billion• Comprised approximately 25% of
war funds
Office of Price Administration(O.P.A.)
• Fought inflation by freezing wages, and prices
• Set ceiling prices: maximum that can be charged on rent
• Rationed foods such as meats, butter, cheese, vegetables, sugar and coffee
• Fought inflation by freezing wages, and prices
• Set ceiling prices: maximum that can be charged on rent
• Rationed foods such as meats, butter, cheese, vegetables, sugar and coffee
''Use it Up, Wear it Out, Make it Do and Do Without."
Rationing Books
• Issued to all Americans• Could only purchase rationed items
with stamps and cash
• Issued to all Americans• Could only purchase rationed items
with stamps and cash
Educating on Rationing Books
What Could You Get?
• Based on point system• Blue Stamps: canned foods (48pts mo.)
• Red Stamps: meat, fish, dairy (64 pts mo.)• 2 lbs. Fruit/vegetables per person/month• 1.5 lbs Meat per person/month• 4 oz. Cheese per person/month
• Based on point system• Blue Stamps: canned foods (48pts mo.)
• Red Stamps: meat, fish, dairy (64 pts mo.)• 2 lbs. Fruit/vegetables per person/month• 1.5 lbs Meat per person/month• 4 oz. Cheese per person/month
Was it Effective?
• Still, some people chose to hoard items and/or sell items/stamps illegally
• This was viewed as unpatriotic• Overall…Yes
• Still, some people chose to hoard items and/or sell items/stamps illegally
• This was viewed as unpatriotic• Overall…Yes
Fuel Rationing
• Gas was determined by the sticker • Most people received “A” 3gallons/wk• Vital services received “C” unlimited
• Gas was determined by the sticker • Most people received “A” 3gallons/wk• Vital services received “C” unlimited
Cut Down on Trips
Speed Reduction
Ordinary Citizens Pitching In
War Production Board (W.P.B.)
• Rationed fuel and materials vital to the war effort such as: gasoline, heating oil, metal, rubber, and plastics
• Oversaw conversion of factories from consumer to war production
• Encouraged use of women and Blacks• e.g. car factory=>tank factory
fridge makers=>munitions (bombs/bullets)
• Rationed fuel and materials vital to the war effort such as: gasoline, heating oil, metal, rubber, and plastics
• Oversaw conversion of factories from consumer to war production
• Encouraged use of women and Blacks• e.g. car factory=>tank factory
fridge makers=>munitions (bombs/bullets)
Ford’s Conversion in Ypsilanti
• Produced 1 per hour at their peak
Rosie the Riveter
• Women filled jobs in factories• 38% of labor force by 1945
• Women filled jobs in factories• 38% of labor force by 1945
What problems did women face entering the workforce? (Swing Shift clips)
Propaganda
• Government endorsed effort to deliberately manipulate your thoughts and actions
• Why are cartoons widely used?
• Government endorsed effort to deliberately manipulate your thoughts and actions
• Why are cartoons widely used?
Private SNAFU-Rumors
Private SNAFU-Spies
Popeye-Spinach for Britain
Ducktators Cartoon