home area networking for the smart grid erik cates david green daniel han justin michela ece 4007...
TRANSCRIPT
Home Area Networking for the Smart Grid
Erik CatesDavid GreenDaniel Han
Justin Michela
ECE 4007 Koblasz/MaxwellFall 2010
In Conjunction With:
Unmesh DeolekarDavid Gallmeier
CS 4911 ZeguraFall 2010
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Home Area Networking Fundamentals
• The Smart Meter is “part Ipod, part electricity meter”
• GUI software + Microcontroller Smart Meter + Wall outlets
• Provides huge savings for both customer and utility
• Cost for our household system (Smart Meter + Outlet) = $357.65
• Building block for tomorrow’s Smart Grid
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
System Overview
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Technical Objectives
Smart Meter• Manages USB/serial, ZigBee• Summarizes total household power consumption• Touch Screen GUI • Proposed Wi-Fi Communication
Wall Outlets• Measures voltage, current, & power for each device• Sends/receives ZigBee communications• Remotely controlled Relay for on/off control
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Outlet Hardware Diagram
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Design Review: Wall Outlet
Key Considerations
•Power Calculation Alternatives
•Safety (Personal and Electrical)
•Ease of Installation
•Space Constraints
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
PCB Design
Design Considerations:
• 2 Layer Board
• Size of Board
• Surface Mount Component
• Component Placement
• Room for Expansion
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Voltage and Current Calculations
Voltage Measurements from Voltage Divider:
Current Measurements from Current Sensing Resistor:
Transfer Function of Isolators:
Combining equations:
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
XBee Communication
• Support• Point-to-point communication• Mesh networking
• 150 Ft. Range with 1mW transceiver
• Industry standard for low power home area networking
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Serial Communication
• Baud rate consideration• Sending time vs. accuracy• Device compatibility
• Packet consolidation• Lossless conversion• Simple retransmission
• Multiple serial pathways in smart meter
• Rationale for choosing MEGA board• Supports hardware expansions
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Communication Block Diagram
Voltage Reader
Current Reader
Relay Control
ATmega Chip
XBee Device
XBee Device
Touch Screen GUI
Smart Meter USB Interface
PC GUI
Wi-Fi
Database Website
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Sampling Procedure
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Design Review: Code
Touch Screen Logic• Monitors user input & forwards it to Smart Meter
• Receives and displays power consumption data
Smart Meter Logic• Manages network of connected devices
• Maintains forwarding tables for entire system
Microprocessor Logic• Calculates power consumption
• Transmits consumption data to Smart Meter
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Acceptance Testing
Device: Smart Meter Fluke Parameter Value Value % Error
Voltage 121.81 VAC 119.1 VAC 2.28%Current .44 Amps .38 Amps 15.79%Real Power 53.31 Watts 45.26 Watts 17.79%Reactive Power 7.45 Vars - -Apparent Power 53.52 VA - -Power Factor 0.99 - -
Device: Smart Meter Fluke Parameter Value Value % Error
Voltage 122.38 VAC 119.9 VAC 2.07%Current .4 Amps .25 Amps 60.00%Real Power 26.2 Watts 29.98 Watts -12.61%Reactive Power 42.96 Vars - -Apparent Power 50.3 VA - -Power Factor 0.52 - -
50 Watt Light Bulb
Laptop
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Analysis of Acceptance Testing
• Compounded Error
• Data Transformation– A/D, Scaling, Sampling, Packaging– Multiple Transmission Stages
• Accuracy improvements are attainable
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Hardware Design Issues
• Operating Relay– Control voltage input
• Isolator Performance
• Microcontroller operation on PCB– Cross Talk– Capacitance on voltage source
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Software Design Issues
• Managing Serial Connections– Data length vs. Transmission time– 3 bi-directional pathways
• Proprietary IDE and libraries– Multiple libraries for each new hardware
expansion
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Budget And Cost Analysis
Typical System Cost1 Smart Meter + 20 Outlets = $1300
Project Budget and Amount SpentBudget = $440Spent = $450
AnalysisCurrent HAN systems exist in the $200 – 1,000 price range
Smart Meter Part CostArduino Mega $64.95Battery Pack $47.52Touch Screen $173.67
Xbee $22.95TOTAL $309.09
Outlet Part Cost
Relay $6.63
Isolator (2) $7.00
5 VDC Regulator (2) $3.26
3.3 VDC Regulator $0.75
Xbee $22.95
ATmega328 $5.00
Current Sensor $1.72
Crystal Oscillator $1.25
TOTAL $48.56
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Future Work
• Include Wi-Fi communication capability
• Develop outlet boxes for 240V main lines
• Incorporate time-of-day electricity pricing & Apps
• Incorporate solar generation & battery storage
• Streamline product packaging
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
CS Project
• Designed Database to store remotely collected data
• Organizational tools for ease of access
• Web interface allows for world-wide access
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
ProjectDemonstration
13th November 2009
GE Smart Grid Project
GE Smart Grid Project
13th November 2009
Questions?
13th November 2009
GE Smart Grid Project