holt world history world history the human journey holt, rinehart and winston europe and north...

HOLTHOLT

World HistoryWorld HistoryTHE HUMAN JOURNEYTHE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Europe and North AmericaEurope and North Americain the Postwar Yearsin the Postwar Years

Section 1:Section 1: Aftermath of the War in EuropeAftermath of the War in Europe

Section 2:Section 2: Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

Section 3:Section 3: Reconstruction, Reform, and ReactionReconstruction, Reform, and Reactionin Europein Europe

Section 4:Section 4: The United States and CanadaThe United States and Canada

CHAPTER 31CHAPTER 31

HOLTHOLT


HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

Objectives:Objectives:Describe the origins of the postwar settlement Describe the origins of the postwar settlement

for Europe.for Europe.Explain why Germany was divided into four Explain why Germany was divided into four

occupation zones and what developed as a result.occupation zones and what developed as a result.Explore how the United Nations is organized.Explore how the United Nations is organized.Identify the problems the Allies faced in keeping Identify the problems the Allies faced in keeping

the peace.the peace.

Section 1: Section 1:

Aftermath of the War in EuropeAftermath of the War in EuropeAftermath of the War in EuropeAftermath of the War in Europe

HOLTHOLT



Wartime Conferences and Postwar ProblemsWartime Conferences and Postwar ProblemsTehran, YaltaTehran, YaltaDisagreements between “Big Three,” plans for Disagreements between “Big Three,” plans for

United NationsUnited Nations



HOLTHOLT



The Occupation of GermanyThe Occupation of GermanyDecisions at Potsdam – Allied Control Council, Decisions at Potsdam – Allied Control Council,

Council of Foreign MinistersCouncil of Foreign MinistersRedrawing borders – increased population in Redrawing borders – increased population in

GermanyGermanyDemilitarization and reparationsDemilitarization and reparationsThe Nürnberg trials – Nazi leaders were charged The Nürnberg trials – Nazi leaders were charged

with crimes against peace and humanitywith crimes against peace and humanity



HOLTHOLT



The United NationsThe United NationsGeneral Assembly – any nation could join and General Assembly – any nation could join and

have same voting rights as othershave same voting rights as othersSecurity Council – ten temporary members and Security Council – ten temporary members and

five permanent ones; veto powerfive permanent ones; veto power



HOLTHOLT



Peacemaking ProblemsPeacemaking ProblemsSoviet Union and Western Allies had Soviet Union and Western Allies had

conflicting goalsconflicting goalsSoviets wanted communist-controlled Soviets wanted communist-controlled

governmentsgovernments



HOLTHOLT



Objectives:Objectives: Examine how and why the alliance between the Western Examine how and why the alliance between the Western

Allies and the Soviet Union ended.Allies and the Soviet Union ended. Investigate how the United States attempted to stop the Investigate how the United States attempted to stop the

spread of communism and aid Europe.spread of communism and aid Europe. Describe how Germany became two separate countries.Describe how Germany became two separate countries. Identify the Cold War alliances that developed in Europe.Identify the Cold War alliances that developed in Europe.


Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

HOLTHOLT



The End of the AllianceThe End of the AllianceStruggle between communism and democracyStruggle between communism and democracyCold War – war of ideas and worldviews waged Cold War – war of ideas and worldviews waged

by two superpowersby two superpowers



HOLTHOLT



The United States Aids EuropeThe United States Aids EuropeThe Truman Doctrine – United States committed The Truman Doctrine – United States committed

to restricting spread of communismto restricting spread of communismThe Marshall Plan – removal of trade barriers to The Marshall Plan – removal of trade barriers to

provide economic aidprovide economic aid



HOLTHOLT



The Cold War in EuropeThe Cold War in Europe Eastern and Central Europe – Soviet Union overthrew Eastern and Central Europe – Soviet Union overthrew

Czechoslovakia and forced communism on themCzechoslovakia and forced communism on them Problems in Germany – three Western powers united their Problems in Germany – three Western powers united their

zones; Soviets opposed unification and blockaded border zones; Soviets opposed unification and blockaded border into West Berlininto West Berlin

The division of Germany – Western Allies approved The division of Germany – Western Allies approved formation of West Germany; Soviet Union formed East formation of West Germany; Soviet Union formed East GermanyGermany



HOLTHOLT



NATO and the Warsaw PactNATO and the Warsaw PactNATO – twelve Western nations signed treaty to NATO – twelve Western nations signed treaty to

protect each other, others soon joinedprotect each other, others soon joinedWarsaw Pact – Eastern bloc nations’ mutual defense Warsaw Pact – Eastern bloc nations’ mutual defense

program, troops outnumbered NATO troopsprogram, troops outnumbered NATO troops



HOLTHOLT



Objectives:Objectives: Describe the West German “miracle.”Describe the West German “miracle.” Explain why the British met with mixed success in Explain why the British met with mixed success in

stimulating economic growth.stimulating economic growth. Explore how France maintained an independent position Explore how France maintained an independent position

in European affairs.in European affairs. Analyze how the Soviet Union changed under new Analyze how the Soviet Union changed under new

leadership.leadership. Identify the problems Eastern European nations faced.Identify the problems Eastern European nations faced.


Reconstruction, Reform, and Reaction in EuropeReconstruction, Reform, and Reaction in EuropeReconstruction, Reform, and Reaction in EuropeReconstruction, Reform, and Reaction in Europe

HOLTHOLT



The West German “Miracle”The West German “Miracle”West German economic recovery – free-market West German economic recovery – free-market

policy, reconstruction and industrial development policy, reconstruction and industrial development progressed rapidlyprogressed rapidly

Politics – stable democracy; committed to market Politics – stable democracy; committed to market economy; encouraged East Germans to escape to economy; encouraged East Germans to escape to West GermanyWest Germany



HOLTHOLT



Postwar BritainPostwar BritainLoss of workers and coloniesLoss of workers and coloniesCost of overseas commitmentsCost of overseas commitmentsShift from coal to oil and nuclear powerShift from coal to oil and nuclear power



HOLTHOLT



New Republics in FranceNew Republics in FranceDe Gaulle helped to transform French empire into De Gaulle helped to transform French empire into

voluntary association of self-governing nationsvoluntary association of self-governing nationsPolitical instability led people to reject reformsPolitical instability led people to reject reforms



HOLTHOLT



Western Europe and IntegrationWestern Europe and IntegrationRecovery elsewhere in Europe – democracies in Recovery elsewhere in Europe – democracies in

Denmark, Norway, and Sweden; free-enterprise Denmark, Norway, and Sweden; free-enterprise systems in Greece, Portugal, and Spainsystems in Greece, Portugal, and Spain

Economic integration – Common Market, Economic integration – Common Market, European CommunityEuropean Community



HOLTHOLT



The Soviet Union After StalinThe Soviet Union After StalinKhrushchev denounced Stalin’s policies, made Khrushchev denounced Stalin’s policies, made

economic reformseconomic reformsInnovations in military and space technologyInnovations in military and space technologyEvolved into modern industrial societyEvolved into modern industrial society



HOLTHOLT



Eastern EuropeEastern EuropeCollectivization delayed economic recoveryCollectivization delayed economic recoveryLower living standards than in the WestLower living standards than in the WestDissatisfaction with communismDissatisfaction with communism



HOLTHOLT



Objectives:Objectives:Examine the major domestic problems the United Examine the major domestic problems the United

States faced in the postwar era.States faced in the postwar era.Investigate how the policy of containment led to Investigate how the policy of containment led to

foreign conflicts.foreign conflicts.Identify the challenges the Canadian people Identify the challenges the Canadian people

responded to in the postwar era.responded to in the postwar era.


The United States and CanadaThe United States and CanadaThe United States and CanadaThe United States and Canada

HOLTHOLT



Domestic Challenges Face the United StatesDomestic Challenges Face the United StatesThe economy and the Cold War at home – new The economy and the Cold War at home – new

industries, new construction, economic growth; industries, new construction, economic growth; anticommunist hysteria, McCarthyismanticommunist hysteria, McCarthyism

Domestic reforms and civil rights – war on Domestic reforms and civil rights – war on poverty; NAACP; public school integration; poverty; NAACP; public school integration; Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.



HOLTHOLT



Foreign Policy and the Cold WarForeign Policy and the Cold War Southeast Asia Treaty Organization – to halt communist Southeast Asia Treaty Organization – to halt communist

advancesadvances Eisenhower Doctrine – economic and military assistance Eisenhower Doctrine – economic and military assistance

to noncommunist nations in Middle Eastto noncommunist nations in Middle East Cuba turned to Soviet Union for support against United Cuba turned to Soviet Union for support against United

States, resulting in Cuban Missile CrisisStates, resulting in Cuban Missile Crisis Vietnam War – sparked frustration, discontent, and Vietnam War – sparked frustration, discontent, and

antiwar protest in United Statesantiwar protest in United States



HOLTHOLT



Canada’s ChallengesCanada’s ChallengesEconomic and agricultural growth, as well as Economic and agricultural growth, as well as

industrial growthindustrial growthFrench Quebec wanted to separate from rest French Quebec wanted to separate from rest

of Canadaof Canada



holt world history world history the human journey holt, rinehart and winston europe and north...

Documents

europe section

human journey holt

europe slide

winston europe

cold war section

cold war slide

aid europe

united nations section