holt modern biology chapter 12 vocab words--inheritance patterns and human genetics
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation including all of the vocab words for Holt Modern Biology chapter 12. It includes both sections one and two.TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 12 VocabINHERITANCE PATTERNSAND HUMAN GENETICS
Holt Modern Biology Textbook
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Sex Chromosome
a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual
(We can see that this karyotypecodes for a male)
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Autosome
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
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Sex-linked Trait
a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans
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Linked Gene
One of a pair of genes that tend to be inherited together
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Chromosome Map
A diagram of gene positions on a chromosome
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Map Unit
in chromosome mapping, an increment of 1 percent in the frequency of crossing-over
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Germ-cell Mutation
mutation that occurs in an organism's gametes
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Somatic-cell Mutation
A mutation that occurs in a body cell
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Lethal Mutation
a gene or chromosomal mutation that influences the development of an organism in such a way that the organism cannot survive
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Deletion
Loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome
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Inversion
a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed
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Translocation
an exchange of chromosome parts
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Nondisjunction
meiosis in which there is a failure of paired homologous chromosomes to separate
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Point Mutation
gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
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Substitution
A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide
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Frameshift Mutation
mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
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Insertion Mutation
a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene
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Pedigree
A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
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Carrier
an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction
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Genetic Disorder
an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes
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Polygenic
of or relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by several genes at once
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Complex Character
characters that are influenced strongly both by the environment and by genes
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Multiple Allele
genes with three or more alleles
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Codominance
situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
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Incomplete Dominance
one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele
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Sex-influenced Trait
an autosomal trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones
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Huntington’s Disease
A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms.
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Amniocentesis
Technique that allows a physician to remove from the amnion, the sac that surrounds the fetus, between the 14th and 16th week of pregnancy
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Chorionic Villi Sampling
Sampling of cells derived from the zygote that grow between the mother's uterus and placenta between the 8th and 10th week of pregnancy
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Genetic Counseling
Guidance for prospective parents on the likelihood of genetic disorders in their future children
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Gene Therapy
The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder
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Crossing-Over
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
can result in genetic recombination