học phần 2 bài 15 phòng lây truyền hiv từ mẹ sang con · haivn tập huấn hiv...

HAIVN Tập huấn HIV người lớn, Học phần 2 Tài liệu dành cho học viên Bài 15: Phòng lây truyền mẹ con 251

Học phần 2 Bài 15 Phòng lây truyền HIV từ mẹ sang con

Tổng thời gian bài học: 120 phút

Mục đích: Mục đích của bài học này là giúp học viên hiểu được những nguy cơ lây truyền HIV từ mẹ sang con (LTMC) và phòng tránh lây truyền HIV từ mẹ sang con (PLTMC)

Mục tiêu: Kết thúc bài này, học viên sẽ có khả năng: • Mô tả các cách lây truyền HIV từ mẹ sang con (LTMC) • Giải thích được các yếu tố nguy cơ LTMC • Mô tả được các cách để phòng LTMC • Giải thích được cách sử dụng thuốc ARV trong thai kỳ và để PLTMC

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Tài liệu phát tay M2S14.1: Phụ nữ mang thai, HIV và điều trị ARV Hướng tới tiếp cận phổ quát: Mở rộng can thiệp ưu tiên HIV/AIDS trong lĩnh vực y tế, theo WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS, 2010

Tỷ lệ phần trăm Phụ nữ mang thai được xét nghiệm HIV vào các năm 2005, 2008, 2009

Phần trăm phụ nữ mang thai nhiễm HIV được điều trị thuốc ARV để PLTMC 2005, 2008, 2009


Tài liệu phát tay M1S14.2: Các chiến lược PLTMC

Can thiệp Công việc liên quan Bước đầu tiên

• Xét nghiệm HIV trong quá trình mang thai (Không thể thực hiện can thiệp nếu không rõ tình trạng nhiễm)

• Cung cấp tư vấn trước và sau xét nghiệm (Tập trung vào những điều trị sẵn có và can thiệp đó sẽ làm giảm nguy cơ con bị nhiễm HIV)

Can thiệp trước sinh

• Cung cấp hỗ trợ về tâm lý • Khuyến khích sử dụng bao cao su trong quá trình mang thai &

cho con bú để phòng tránh những bệnh lây qua đường tình dục hoặc bội nhiễm HIV

• Ngăn cản sử dụng ma túy bất hợp pháp, chất có cồn & thuốc lá • Sàng lọc và điều trị các bệnh lây truyền qua đường tình dục • Bổ sung vitamin • Phòng tránh và điều trị các bệnh nhiễm trùng cơ hội • Dự phòng LTMC hoặc điều trị ARV • Thảo luận về lựa chọn nuôi con (Cho ăn sữa thay thế, hay nuôi

bằng sữa mẹ hoàn toàn và cai sữa sớm lúc 6 tháng)

Can thiệp trong đẻ

• Test nhanh HIV nếu chưa rõ tình trạng nhiễm HIV • Phát hiện và điều trị các bệnh lây truyền qua đường tình dục • Điều trị PLTMC/ARV • Tránh các thủ thuật xâm lấn (bấm ối, theo dõi qua da đầu, cắt tầng

sinh môn, kẹp lấy thai, v.v) • Nhanh chóng lau sạch máu và dịch tiết của mẹ trên cơ thể trẻ sơ

sinh • Loại bỏ những vật sắc nhọn, nhau thai, và chất thải có nguy cơ lây

nhiễm

Can thiệp sau sinh

• Cung cấp thuốc ARV cho trẻ sơ sinh • Tránh nuôi con bằng sữa mẹ (hỗ trợ sữa thay thế cho nếu có) • Điều trị ARV và dự phòng NTCH cho mẹ (và con) nếu có chỉ

định • Tăng cường kết nối để tiếp tục theo dõi xét nghiệm, chăm sóc và

điều trị cho mẹ và con.

học phần 2 bài 15 phòng lây truyền hiv từ mẹ sang con · haivn tập huấn hiv...

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