hoa huu co

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

BI 1: PHN NG SULFON HA IU CH para- TOLUEN SULFONATE NATRI

I. Mc chMinh ha mt s tnh cht c trng ca hydrocarbon bng phn ng sulfon ha toluen vi acid sulfuric m c.

II. C s l thuyt- Phn ng sulfon ha l qu trnh gn nhm sulfon SO3H vo phn t hp cht hu c to sn phm l acid sulfonic. Cc tc nhn sulfon thng c dng l acid sulfuric, oleum, acid closulfonic, - Parafin, hydrocacbon thm c th sulfon ha bng tc nhn khc nhau cc nhit khc nhau. Hydrocacbon thm d b sulfon ha bng acid sulfuric m c.CH3 C6H5 + HOSO3 CH3 C6H4 SO3H + H2O

- Phn ng sulfon ha l phn ng thun nghch, nn nc hnh thnh sau phn ng lm gim nng acid sulfuric v do mt kh nng sulfon ha ca acid v tng kh nng thy phn sulfon acid to thnh. V th, khi sulfon ha th phi dng acid sulfuric nhiu hn t 2 n 5 ln. - Nng tc nhn sulfon ha v nhit l hai yu t quan trng c nh hng n vn tc phn ng. Khi tng nng acid sulfuric, phn ng sulfon ha xy ra nhanh. Khi tng nhit , khng nhng lm tng nhanh qu trnh phn ng m cn tng kh nng to thnh sn phm ph nh: polisulfo acid, sulfon, cc sn phm oxi ha v ngng t. V th qu trnh sulfon ha bng acid sulfuric m c, 0oC, toluen to thnh acid meta v para sulfonic. Cn 1700C to thnh ch yu ng phn para.1 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2 CH3+

CH3 H2SO4 SO3H+

H2O

Sn phm chnh ca phn ng c c lp di dng natri toluene sulfonate.CH3 C6H4 SO3H CH3 C6H4 SO3H + NaHSO3 + NaCl CH3 CH3 C6H4 SO3Na + CO2 + H2O C6H4 SO3Na + HCl

III. Thc hnh1. Tng hp para toluen sulfonate natri Cho 5ml H2SO4 vo bnh cu loi 100ml. Cn thn thm tng phn nh toluen cho n ht 5ml, lc bnh, mi ln cho thm toluen ( nu bnh nng th lm lnh di vi nc lnh). Thm mt t bt vo bnh phn ng v un hon lu nh hn hp trn bp cch ct cho lp toluen bin mt (khong 45 pht - 1 gi 15 pht. Trnh nhit ln qu cao lm cho sn phm bc khi ). Ngng un, ngui ri em bnh ra, hn hp ra cc 250ml cha sn 25 ml nc ct. Trng bnh cu bng nc ct v nc trng vo cc. Thm vo t t tinh th NaHCO3 (khong 12 - 13g) vo hn hp dng a thy tinh khy u cho n khi ht si bt. Tip tc thm 5g NaCl vo hn hp, khuy cho tan ht (nu khng tan c th thm 2 - 5ml nc lnh). Thm tip 0,5g than hot tnh, un si nh v khuy iu hn hp trong 10 pht. Lc nng ly dung dch. Lm lnh, kt tinh sn phn, lc ly sn phm mui natri toluensulfonate di p sut km. Sy kh sn phm nhit 1100C cn sn phm c 3.75g. 2. Kim nghim sn phm

2 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

Ly vi ht tinh th sn phm + tng git H2SO4 2N lc u n khi sn phm tan hon ton, thu c dung dch trong sut . Ly 10 git dd cho vo ng nghim + 10 git dd KMnO4 +5git dd H2SO4, lc u. Kt qu: dung dch MnO4 mt mu tm.

IV.Kt quS mol ca toluen:ntoluen = 0,86 x5 = 0,047 mol 92

S mol ca acid sulfuric:n acidsulfuric

=

1,84 x5 = 0,094 mol 98

Vy aicd sulfuric d. Do sn phm tnh theo s mol ca toluen Suy ra: Khi lng ca sn phm (para-toluen sulfunate natri) :m sp = 0,047 x195 = 9,165 g

Khi lng ca para- toluen sulfonate natri thc t thu c l : 3,75g Hiu sut ca phn ng:H = 3,75 x100 = 40 ,92 % 9,165

V. Tr li cu hi1. C ch phn ng:CH3+

CH3 H2SO4 SO3H+

H2O


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2H2SO4 CH3+

H3O+

+

HSO4-

+

SO3 SO3H

O S O O+

+

HSO4-

CH3 SO3H+ +

SO3HSO4+

H2SO4

CH3 SO3+

CH3 SO3H H3O+ CH3 H2O

+

CH3

2. Cng dng ca than hot tnh v NaHCO3 dng trong th nghim

Than hot tnh c cng dng hp ph mu, mi, hp ph cc sn phm nh: NaHCO3 trung ho acid H2SO4 d, tham gia to mui vi acid para-toluen Ngoi ra NaHCO3 kt hp vi NaCl cho Na+ to hiu ng ion chung, lm Dng a thy tinh c vo thnh cc to mm kt tinh.

sulfon, polysulfon v cc sn phm khng mong mun khc.

sulfonic, to thnh mui para-toluen sulfonat natri.

tng kh nng to mui. 3.-

Trong qu trnh th nghim cn phi lc nng dung dch v: Lc nng loi b cc tp cht. Lc nng trnh sn phm kt tinh nhit thng, khi hiu sut ca phn ng s thp.


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

BI 2: THC NGHIM V CHC RU: PHN NG ESTER HA: IU CH ESTER ACETATE ISOAMYLI. Mc chKho st phn ng este ha ca ru v acid qua vic s dng b dng c ha hu c.

II. Nguyn tcEste, mt cht c nhm chc -COO- , a s l hp phn chnh ca hng liu hoa qu nh este focmiate etyl c mi ru rum, este acetate isoamil c mi chui chn, este butyrate c mi nho Este c th c tng hp bng cc phn ng ca acid cacboxylic v ru vi s hin din ca acid sulfuric m c, hidro Clorua, acid p- toluen sulfomic hoc nha trao i ion. Trong iu kin hin ti ca phng th nghim, ta thc hin phn ng ester ha vi acid sulfuric m c. Phn ng ester ha l phn ng cn bng c hng s cn bng KC = 4 nhit phng.H2SO4

C2H5OH + CH3COOH

CH3COOC2H5 Axetate etyl

+ H2O

Khi phn ng t cn bng, ch c khong 2/3 acid v ru phn ng to thnh ester v nc. tng hiu sut phn ng, c th dch chuyn trng thi cn bng bng cch tng nng ca ru (hay acid) hoc loi ester (hay nc) ra khi mi trng phn ng (thng loi cht no c nhit si thp hn). nhit thng, tc dng gia acid v ru xy ra chm do nhm carbonyl trong acid hot ng km. Tuy nhin, phn ng c xc tin mnh khi c xc tc ion hydro, do s phn ly ca acid v c nh acid sulfuric. Thng th ta s dng mt lng acid


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

(thng khong 5-10% so vi lng ru), ring acid ny mt phn dng lm xc tc, mt phn hp thu nc. Tuy nhin, nu dng qu nhiu acid s lm gim hiu sut phn ng do acid tng tc vi ru.ROH + H+ R + O H H

iu ny s dn ti s to thnh ete v olefin t ru. Ngoi ra, phn ng ester ha cn chu nh hng ln ca hiu ng khng gian. Khi tng th tch ca gc hydrocacbon trong acid hoc ru, tc phn ng ester ha gim. Phn ng cho hiu sut tt vi ru bc nht, cn ru bc 2 ch t 40%, ru bc t 3%.

III.Thc hnh1.iu ch Cho hn gm 15ml ru isomaylic v 10ml acid acetic vo bnh cu dung tch 100ml. Sau , them t t tng git n ht 1ml acid sulfuric m c, them vo mt t bt. Gn bnh cu vo h thng hon lu v un si nh bng bp un cch ct trong 45 pht. Sau ngui ri em xung, sn phm thu c gm acetate etyl th ln acid, ru v nc. Tinh ch sn phm Cho hn hp vo bnh chit, them t t dd NaHCO3 bo ha n ht bt kh, va cho va lc, n khi dd tch thnh 2 lp r rt. Ly ester trn vo bnh tam gic 50ml, thm vo 1g Na2SO4 khan, lc nh yn, thu sn phm bng ng Pasteur 2. Kim nghim sn phm a. L tnh : sn phm c mi du chui b. Ha tnh ng nghim : vi git ester + vi ht tinh th NH2OH.HCl + trung ha bng 1ml NaOH 10%. un si lm lnh + thm t t dd HCl long + thm vi git FeCl3 Dung dch c mu Nhn bit bng phn ng ho hc l c cha ester trong s 3 l mt nhn:6 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2 -

Cho vi git dung dch trong mi l vo 3 ng nghim tng ng. Thm vi ht tinh th NH2OH.HCl ri trung ho bng 1ml dung dch NaOH un si 1-2 pht. Lm lnh, thm t t dung dch HCl cho n khi giy qu ho . Thm vi git dung dch FeCl3. Kt qu : dung dch l th 2 c mu Vy: l th 2 c cha ester.

10%.-

IV. Kt quKhi lng ca ru isomaylic : m = D x V = 0.809 x 15 = 12,135g Khi lng l thuyt ca ester acetate isoamyl 88g ru isomaylic 130g ester acetate isoamylx= 12 ,135 x130 = 17 ,9 g 88

12,135g ru isomaylic

Khi lng thc t thu c: 6,56g Hiu sut ca phn ng:H = 6,56 = 36 ,65 % 9,067

V. Tr li cu hi1.C ch phn ng ester ha :(CH3)2CH(CH2)2 + CH3COOH H2SO4 CH3COO(CH2)2CH(CH3)2

O H+ H3C C OH H3C

OH C OH H2C OH C H2 H3C CH CH3 H3C

OH C O OH H

CH2CH2CH(CH3)3

O H3C

OH -H O CH3

7

-H2O H3C

OH C O CH2CH2CH(CH3)3 OH2

H3C C C O CH2 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698 CH H3C

CH2CH2CH(CH3)3

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

2. Gii thch: Trong phn ng ester ha y ta thy t l l 1:1 nguyn nhn y l phn ng thun nghch , nn phi cho lng d tc cht phn ng dch chuyn sang chiu to sn phm. y ta chn lng d acid acetic v gi thnh thp hn ru isoamylic v hiu sut phn ng cng cao hn, lng acid d d b trung ha. 3. NaHCO3 bo ha dng trong th nghim trung ha lng acid d, to mi trng trung tnh. C th dng H2O thay NaHCO3.


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

BI 3: IU CH ASPIRINI. Mc chBa hp cht hu c s dng rng ri nht lm thuc gim au l acid axetyl salylic(aspirin), phenaxetin( para - etoxi axetanilid), paracetamol( para hidroxi axetanilid). Paracetamol l cht thng dng nht, l c s ca nhiu dc phm ni ting c ng k nhn hiu (nh panadol, solpadeie, colrex, calpol, efferalgan, ) do hin n c coi l thuc an ton v hiu qu nht. II. C s l thuyt Este, mt cht c nhm chc -COO- , a s l hp phn chnh ca hng liu hoa qu nh este focmiate etyl c mi ru rum, este isoamil c mi chui chn, este butyrate c mi nho, Este l sn phm ca phn ng este ho gia ca acid cacboxylic v ru mt loi phn ng thun nghch i hi thi gian lu mi t c cn bng. Do cn thm cht xc tcnh: acid sulfuric m c, hydro Clorua, acid para toluen sulfomic hoc nha trao I ion. Aspirin ( acid acetyl salysiclic ) c s dng rng ri nh mt loi thuc gim au l mt este c to thnh t mt phn ng xy ra gia acid acetic v acid salisylic. Phn t ca acid salisylic cha hai nhm chc trong c mt nhm chc l phenol v mt nhm chc l acid cacboxylic. V vy n c th to thnh mt este vi vai tr ca mt acol phn ng acid acetic to thnh acetyl salisylic. Tuy nhin, aspirin thng c u ch bng cch dng anhyric acetic hot ng hn thay v acid acetic.


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2COOH OH + CH3 C O Acid salysilic O C O Acid acetyl salisilic (Aspirin) acid acetic CH3 COOH OCOCH3 + CH3COOH

H+

Anhydric acetic

III. Thc hnh1. iu ch Acid acetil salisilic Cn chnh xc 2g acid salisilic dng rn ri cho vo bnh tam gic 125ml c sy kh. Thm tip 4ml anhyric acetic v 5git acid sulfuric , dng a thu tinh khuy nh hn hp trong bnh tam gic, un cch thu khong 30 pht (tnh t thi im si). Ly hn hp ra thm t t 10ml nc lnh vo hn hp. Chuyn hn hp sang cc thy tinh 100ml. Lm lnh (10 15 pht) kt tinh sn phm khi dung dch lm ngui. Lc sn phm di p sut km, thu c tinh th aspirin th. Kt tinh sn phm: aspirin thu c cn ln nhiu tp cht cn phi ho tan 0,5g aspirin bng 20ml nc ct trong cc 100ml un cch thy n aspirin ho tan ht th ngng un, ngui. em dung dch lm lnh trong chu nc thu tinh th. Lc di p sut km v em cn sn phm. 2. Kim nghim sn phm Ly 3 ng nghim loi 10ml sch. - ng 1: cho vo vi tinh th acid salisilic - ng 2: cho vo vi tinh th aspirin thng mi - ng 3: cho mt t aspirin va iu ch trn Ln lt cho 1ml ru etylic v vi git FeCl3 10% vo tng ng lc k. Mu thu c: - ng 1: dung dch mu tm - ng 2: dung dch mu vng nu - ng 3: dung dch mu nu en10 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

Nhn xt : hai ng nghim cha aspirin va iu ch v aspirin thng mi c s sai khc v m ca mu l do aspirin thng mi c mt s thnh phn ho hc b sung v do aspirin iu ch c ln tp cht.

IV. Kt quNhit nng chy ca aspirin: 135oC. Khi lng ca aspirin tnh theo l thuyt: 0,5g Khi lng aspirin thc t thu c: 0,35g Hiu sut phn ng:H = 0,35 = 70 % 0,5

V. Tr li cu hi1.C ch phn ngCOOH OH + CH3 C O Acid salysilic O C O Acid acetyl salysilic (Aspirin) cid acetic CH3 COOH OCOCH3 + CH3COOH

Anhydric acetic

H+

CH3 C O

.. O

C O

CH3

CH3 C O

+ O H

C O

CH3

-OH

CH3 C O COOH O

OH

+C O

CH3

+

CH3 C O

OH

H + CH3 C O .. OH

COOH O+ CH3 C O + OH2

COOH O C O CH3


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2 2. So snh s mol ca anhydric acetic v acid salycilic:

Khi lng ca anhydric acetic: m = d.V = 1,08. 4 = 4,32g S mol ca anhydric acetic :n= 4,32 = 0,042 mol 102

S mol ca aicd salycilic:n= 2 = 0,0145 mol 138

Vy: s mol anhydric acetic 3 s mol aicd salycilic Gii thch: V y l phn ng thun ngch nn dng mt lng tha tc cht, phn ng s dch chuyn theo chiu to ra sn phm. y ta chn lng tha anhydric acetic v anhdric acetic c nhm CH3COO- - mt baz trung tnh nn d b tch ra vi sn phm.


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

BI 4: IU CH PARACETAMOLI.Gii thiuBa hp cht hu c s dng rng ri nht lm thuc gim au l acid axetyl salylic (aspirin), phenaxetin (para - etoxi axetanilid), paracetamol (para hidroxi axetanilid). Paracetamol l cht thng dng nht, l c s ca nhiu dc phm ni ting c ng k nhn hiu (nh panadol, solpadeie, colrex, calpol, efferalgan, ) do hin nay n c coi l thuc an ton v hiu qu nht.

II.Thc hnhiu ch paracetamol: Trong bnh cu 100ml, cho 3,1g para - aminophenol, 10ml nc ct lc nh. Thm t t cn thn 4ml anhydric axetic vo hn hp v lc bnh cu 2 - 3 ln, nu bnh nng th lm lnh di vi nc, thm mt t bt vo bnh cu. un hon lu , un nng khong 15-20 pht(k t khi hn hp si). Ly hn bnh cu ra khi h thng hon lu, hn hp vo cc thy tinh 100ml, ngui, kt tinh sn phm nhit thng. Lc bng my lc ly tinh th kt tinh. Ra tinh th 15ml nc lnh qua phu lc. Thu ly tinh th paracetamol. Sn phm cn c: 3.4713g nh tnh sn phm: un nng 0,1g sn phm trong 1ml HCl trong 3 pht. Thm 10ml nc lm lnh, khng c kt ta to thnh. Thm 0,05ml dd K2CrO4 5%, xut hin mu tm khng chuyn qua mu . PP sc k bng mng: Ha tan 1 t tinh th ca sn phm thu c vo 1-2ml etanol 960 trong ng nghim. Chun b mt bng mng silicagel trng sn, dng vit ch v ng khi hnh v ng gii hn ca dung mi. Dng ng mao dn chm vo mt vt nh ca dung dch ln bng sc k, vt c kh trong khong 1- 2 pht.13 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

t bng mng vo bnh chy sc k c cha sn dung mi ra gii (heptan: etylaxetat : etanol = 47: 47: 6). Khi mc dung mi n ng gii hn ca dung mi, dng kp ly bng mng ra khi bnh v sy kh ( bng my sy tc) cho kh bng mng. a bng mng vo n UV. Di nh sng UV c mu nu. Rf= 1,3 = 0,245 5,3

III.Tr li cu hi1.Nhit nng chy ca paracetamol : 169oC 2.Phng trnh phn ng to thnh sn phmOH OH CH3COOH HNCOCH3 Paracetamol

(CH3CO)2O NH2

C ch phn ng:

OH H3C H3C N H H

O C O C O OH O

OH O H C O CH3 O C CH3

O C O CH3 HO C CH3


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

3. Khi lng paracetamol tnh theo l thuyt: 4,26g. Khi lng paracetamol thc t thu c: 3,4713g Hiu sut ca phn ng:H = 3,4713 x100 = 81,48 % 4,26

4.Cng thc ca 3 loi thuc gim au ch yu:OH OCOCH3 OCOCH3

COOH

HNCOCH3 Aspirin Paracetamol

CH3 Phenaxetin


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

Bi 5. THC NGHIM V CHC CACBONYL PHN NG ALDOL HA: IU CH BENZAL ACETOPHENONI. Mc chMinh ha mt s phn ng c trng ca hp cht hu c c cha nhm chc Thc hin phn ng aldol ha qua vic iu ch Benzal acetophenon (chalcon) cacbonyl vi 2,4 dinitrophenil hydrazin, thuc th Tollens, Fehling v iod. theo phn ng Claisen Schmidt.

II. Thc hnhiu ch Benzal acetophenon Ln lt cho 5ml dung dch NaOH 10%, 3ml etanol, 1,5ml acetophenon vo bnh tam gic loi 50ml. Lc nh hn hp 1 2 pht, thm tng git cho n ht 1,5ml benzaldehit v lc k. mu vng. y kn bnh tam gic v tip tc lc u cho ti khi xut hin mt cht du

- Ngm lnh bnh tam gic trong chu nc . Cht du mu vng s kt tinh,rt ht dung dch bng ng ht Pastuer. Sau ly bnh tam gic ra khi chu, yn hn hp nhit thng (25 - 30oC) mt thi gian, thu ly tinh th. ra tinh th vi 5ml nc lnh. Tip tc ra tinh th vi 5ml etanol ngm lnh. Lc di p sut km thu Kt tinh li sn phm: Cho khong 8 - 10ml etanol v tinh th va thu c ly tinh th. trn vo cc thy tinh 100ml. em hn hp un cch thy trong cc thy tinh 500ml c cha sn nc nng cho n khi si nh. Ly hn hp ra khi cc v lm lnh trong chu nc sn phm kt tinh. Lc di p sut km s thu c sn phm tinh khit.

III. Kt qu16 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

S mol ca acetophenon:n= 1,5 x1,03 = 0,013 mol 120

S mol ca benzaldehid:n' = 1,5 x1,04 = 0,0145 mol 106

Khi lng Benzal acetophenon tnh theo l thuyt l: 2,704g Khi lng Benzal acetophenon thu c l: 2,015g Hiu sut ca phn ng aldol ha:H = 2,015 = 74 ,5% 2,704

CHO H3C C Oo

OH-

CH CH2 OH

C O

t thng

H2O

CH

CH

C O

Benzal acetophenon

IV. Tr li cu hi1. C ch phn ng aldol ha:O C H H2C-

O OH C

O CH2 C H

H+ H C CH -H2O

O

O

CH2

O OH

CH2

O


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

2. Hai phn ng ph c th xy ra trong qu trnh aldol haO H2 C H-

O

CH2

O

CH3

O

HH3C 2 C

HOHO

OH

O

C H2

CH2

O

H C H2 3 C

OH+ -OH

-H2O

3. Tc dng ca vic ra tinh th vi etanol ngm lnh: etamol ngm lnh khng

lm ho tan tinh th, khng lm mt sn phm, n ch c tc dng ra tri nhng tp cht khng cn thit. Ta phi kt tinh li trong etanol nng v etanol nng gp phn lm tinh th tan nhanh hn.


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

Bi 6. TNG HP CHT MU V POLYMERI. Mc chiu ch phm nhum azo da vo c ch ghp cp diazo v polyme (cht gi da v nha Bakelit c nhiu ng dng quan trng) trn c s s polyme ha..

II. Thc hnh iu ch mui diazonium-

Cho 0,1g p-nitroanilin vo becher 100ml Thm 20ml nc ct v 5ml HCl m c. Khuy k trong khong 2-3 pht, nu c phn rn no khng tan, em lc,

-

dng erlen nh (loi 50ml) tromng chu nc , hng nc lc. Sau yn erlen trong chu nc thm 5 pht na.-

Tip theo cho vo 1,5ml dung dch Natri nitrit (NaNO2) 1M. Dng a thy tinh sch, khuy k hn hp ny cht to thnh l mui

-

diazonium. erlen ny vo chu nc chun b cho th nghim sau. iu ch phm nhum AZO Chun b cc dung dch sau: Becher 1: 0,1g -Napthol + 12ml nc + 1ml NaOH 6M Becher 2: 0,1g phenol + 12ml nc + 1ml NaOH 6M Becher 3: 0,1g resorcinol + 12ml nc + 1ml NaOH Becher c cha -napthol cn c vo nc nng -napthol d tan.-

Sau khi khuy u, t c ba becher vo chu nc , lm lnh 5oC. Thm 9ml hn hp mui diazonium lm lnh ( phn trn) vo mi becher. Khuy mi dung dch, quan st s to thnh phm nhum AZO trong mi

-

trng hp. Ghi mu ca phm nhum.

iu ch cht gi da-

Dng becher (loi 500ml) cho vo 10ml nc ct + 20ml H2SO4 m c.19

Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

-

Dng a thy tinh khuy u lm ngui di vi nc, hoc trong chu nc Ly becher (250ml) cho vo 20ml dung dch NH3 6M Dng kp, kp t giy lc nhng vo dung dch trn 15-20 giy, sau ly ra Tip theo ly t giy ra ra di vi nc. Ri kh hon ton nhit Khi t giy kh hon ton, hy so snh tnh dai ca n vi t giy cha

khong 5 pht. phng. c x l. Ghi nhn xt. iu ch nha Bakelit-

nhng vo trong nc, k tip ngm vo bch c amoniac.

Ly mt ng nghim cho vo theo th t: 1g phenol + 12 git NH3 m c + un cch thy ng nghim trn phenol tan chy. Lc k ng nghim dung dch c ng nht. t ng nghim vo trong becher nc ang si trong khong thi gian ti Khi phn ng hon tt, ly ng nghim ra, phn lng b i, gi li phn ng nghim ngui, dng a thy tinh hoc mung ly sn phm ra

4ml dung dch formadeid 37%. -

thiu 90 pht. rn trong ng nghim, ra polyme rn vi nc. quan st, m t hnh dng v nhng c tnh tng qut nh: cng, mi.

III. Tr li cu hi1. Mu ca phm nhum: - Becher cha -napthol: kt ta mu nu, ht to, dung dch mu vng nu. - Becher cha phenol: kt ta mu cam, ht nh, dung dch mu vng cam. - Becher cha resorcinol: kt ta mu gch, dung dch mu cam.


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

2. Phng trnh phn ng to cc phm mu azo:0 - 7oC

O2N

NH2

NaNO2 OH

2HCl

O2N

N 2 Cl

NaCl OH

H2O

O2N

N2 Cl

OH 0-7 Co

O2N

N

N

3. C hai loi polyme: polyme t nhin v polyme tng hp, c hai loi ny u c nh hng su sc vo i sng chng ta. Vi polyme t nhin quan trng nh: cao su (monome l glucoz); protein (monome l acid amin); acid nucleic (nucleotid). Vi polyme tng hp tiu biu: polyetylen (PE), polypropylen, polystyren, polyvinyl clorur, teflon, lucite, nylon, Dacron, Bakelit v polyuretan...4. Nha Bakelit: c mu vng, cng, gin, c mi sc kh chu

Cc tn gi khc ca nha Bakelit: Nha Bakelit cn c gi l nha formaldehid, novolak, rezol. Nu s mol ca phenol ln hn s mol ca formaldehid th gi l nha novolak. Novolak c phn t khi khong 1000, ha tan trong cn, c s dng lm sn bng hoc bt p.OH n n>m m CH2O H+ ... OH CH2 OH CH2 OH CH2 ...

novolak


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

Nu s mol ca phenol nh hn hoc bng s mol ca formaldehid th gi l nha rezol. Bt rezol 150 180oC d dng phn ng to thnh resit ( polyme mng li).

OH n m CH2O OH ...

OH CH2

OH CH2

OH CH2 ...

n> m

CH2OH rezol

CH2OH


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

Bi 7. PHN NG KH HP CHT CARBONYLiu ch 4-Hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-phenolI. Mc chThng qua vic chy sc k trn TLC xc nh sn phm to thnh khi iu ch 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-phenol t 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde.

II. Thc hnhKhuy dung dch vanilin trong methanol (MeOH) 0oC, sau thm tng phn natri borohydride rn (NaBH4), thnh thong m np cho kh hydro bay ra. Thi gian khuy t 1- 2 gi, sau lm m ln nhit phng, ri trung ha bng dung dch HCl 1N n pH 5. Sau khi tch MeOH, dung dch c chit vi EtOAc. Dch chit hu c c ra vi nc mui bo ha, ri lm kh trn Na2SO4.C c trong chn khng v lm TLC (EtOAc/PE, 1:1), so snh vi tc cht. Cn khi lng sn phm thu c, tnh hiu sut v tnh cht vt l (mu sc tinh th...)

III. Kt quKt qu sc k : di t im xut pht n tm im sau khi chy dung dch ra gii l a (cm) di t im xut pht n v tr dung mi ra gii n l b (cm) Rf = Ta c : b = 5,3 cm i vi tc cht: a = 2,5 cm Suy ra: Rf= 2,5 = 0,339 5,3

a b

cm

i vi sn phm tng hp trong th nghim: a = 1,4cm Suy ra: Rf= 1,4 = 0,264 5,3

cm

Rf ca sn phm nh hn so vi Rf ca tc cht. Sn phm thu c dng tinh th mu trng, hnh l rau m. Khi lng sn phm thu c: 0,155g23 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

CHO NaBH4, MeOH OCH3 OH 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde C8H8O3

CH2OH

OCH3 OH 4-Hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-phenol C8H10O3

C ch phn ng:

O C

H+H O

H-

H C H

HO C

H H

NaBH4

OCH3 OH OH

OCH3

OCH3 OH


PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

Bi 8: PHN NG OXI HA IU CH ACID BENZOICI. Mc chKho st qu trnh iu ch aicd benzoic bng phn ng oxi ha thy tc dng ca cht oxi ho i vi hp cc cht hu c. Acid benzoic c nhiu ng dng trong thc t. Trong bi th nghim ny dng tc nhn l KMnO4 oxi ha Toluen. Sau acid ha bng HCl thu c sn phm l acid benzoic.

II. Thc hnh1. Phng trnh phn ng C6H5CH3 + KMnO4 C6H5OOK + KOH + H2O C6H5OOK + HCl C6H5OOH + KCl Acid benzoic v cc dn xut ca acid benzoic c s dng trong cng nghip thc phm, m phm, dc phm v cc lnh vc khc.2.

Tin hnh th nghim Cho vo bnh cu y trn dung tch 100ml c lp sinh hn hi lu 1,5g toluen, 15ml

nc v 1g NaOH, 30ml KMnO4 15%. mt t bt. un nng cho hn hp si m du trong 1 gi n khi dung dch mt mu ca thuc tm. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, nu dung dch cn mu hng th cho thm 6ml ancol etylic. Lc b kt ta mangan dioxit v ra 2-3 ln bng nc si (mi ln dng 5ml). Thu ly dung dch nc lc qua giy lc, acid ha vi 10ml HCl 6M. Lm lnh dung dch trong chu nc acid benzoic kt tinh (Nu khng kt tinh c th c dung dch cho bt nc). Lc ly acid benzoic trn phu buncher, ra bng nc lnh v sy kh.

III. Kt qu:Acid benzoic thu c dng tinh th hnh kim, mu trng. Khi lng acid benzoic thc t thu c: 0,2453g 1.Hiu sut ca phn ng: H25 Ng Th Phng Anh.MSSV:2064698

PHC TRNH HA HU C 2

Phng trnh phn ng: C6H5CH3 + KMnO4 = C6H5COOK + KOH + 2MnO2 + H2O 0,0163(mol) 0,0163(mol) 0,0163(mol) 0,0163(mol) C6H5COOK + HCl = C6H5COOH + KCl

ntoluen =

1.5 = 0.0163 (mol ) 92

Suy ra:

n acid benzoic = n toluen = 0,0163 (mol)

Khi lng l thuyt ca acid benzoic: m = 0,0163 . 122= 1,989 (g) Khi lng thc t ca acid benzoic : m = 0,2453 (g) Vy :H = 0.2453 100 = 12,33 % 1.989

2. Kh nng tan ca acid benzoic trong cc dung mi: Nc: hon ton khng tan. Clorofoc: tan tt. Axeton: tan hon ton. Ru metylic: tan hon ton. 3.Vi ng dng ca acid benzoic trong thc t: Acid bezoic c ng dng trong dc phm, m phm, thc phm, kem nh rng.


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