hm40 guidelines for the crude o - selcuk nasnasmaritime.com/documents/guide for cow.pdf · hm 40...

HYDROCARBON MANAGEMENT

HM 40 GUIDELINES FOR THE CRUDE OIL WASHING OFSHIPS’ TANKS AND THE HEATING OF CRUDE OIL

BEING TRANSPORTED BY SEA

HYDROCARBON MANAGEMENT

HM 40 GUIDELINES FOR THE CRUDE OIL WASHING OFSHIPS’ TANKS AND THE HEATING OF CRUDE OIL

BEING TRANSPORTED BY SEA

2nd editionJune 2004

Published byENERGY INSTITUTE, LONDON

The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity number 1097899

The Energy Institute gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions towards the scientific andtechnical programme from the following companies:

Amerada Hess LtdBG GroupBHP Billiton LimitedBP Exploration Operating Co LtdBP Oil UK LtdChevronTexaco LtdConocoPhillips LtdConoco UK LtdENIEnterprise Oil plc

ExxonMobil International LtdKerr-McGee North Sea (UK) LtdKuwait Petroleum International LtdMurco Petroleum LtdShell UK Oil Products LimitedShell U.K. Exploration and Production LtdStatoil (U.K.) LimitedTalisman Energy (UK) LtdTotal E&P UK plcTotal UK Limited

Copyright © 2004 by the Energy Institute, London:The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003.Registered charity number 1097899, EnglandAll rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, or transmitted or translated into a machine language without thewritten permission of the publisher.

The information contained in this publication is provided as guidance only and while every reasonable care has been takento ensure the accuracy of its contents, the Energy Institute cannot accept any responsibility for any action taken, or nottaken, on the basis of this information. The Energy Institute shall not be liable to any person for any loss or damage whichmay arise from the use of any of the information contained in any of its publications.

The above disclaimer is not intended to restrict or exclude liability for death or personal injury caused by own negligence.

ISBN 0 85293 422 XPublished by the Energy Institute

Further copies can be obtained from Portland Customer Services, Commerce Way, Whitehall Industrial Estate, Colchester CO2 8HP, UK. Tel: +44 (0) 1206 796 351email: [email protected]

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CONTENTS

Page

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

1 Introduction and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Glossary of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 Crude oil washing and heating guideline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.2 High viscosity crude oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.3 Waxy paraffinic crude oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.4 Volatile crude oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.5 Ship type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.6 Cargo heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.7 Pre-chartering stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.8 Crude oil washing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.9 Venting vapours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.10 Instructions to ships’ masters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5 Key to crude oil data sheets (Annex D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.1 Crude oil type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.2 Assay date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.3 API gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.4 Reid vapour pressure (RVP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.5 Gas to C4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.6 Total wax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.7 Pour point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.8 Cloud point (calc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.9 Kinematic viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.10 Load, carriage and discharge temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.11 COW instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.12 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

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Contents Cont... Page

5.13 Benzene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.14 Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6 Safety precautions when handling petroleum cargoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.2 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.3 Mercaptans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.4 Benzene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

7 Calculation procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.1 Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197.2 Cloud point (calc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Annex A - IP Crude oil data submission form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23IP Crude oil data submission form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Annex B - Climatic charts of the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25General information and copyright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Figure B.1: Mean sea surface temperature - February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figure B.2: Mean sea surface temperature - August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Figure B.3: Mean air temperature - February . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Figure B.4: Mean air temperature - August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Annex C - Comments on the handling of some crude oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Experiences with crude oils considered difficult to handle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Annex D - Crude oil data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Crude oil data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33D.1 COW codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33D.2 Crude oil data sheets (landscape format) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

vii

FOREWORD

The EI Hydrocarbon Management Advisory Group is responsible for the production and maintenance of standardsand guides covering various aspects of static and dynamic measurement of petroleum. The HydrocarbonManagement Committee 4B (HMC 4B), deals with the measurement and loss of crude oil and oil products beingtransported within the marine environment, taking into consideration contractual constraints imposed by charterers,cargo owners, ship owners, and inherent vice of cargo.

HMC 4B is made up of experts from the oil industry, cargo surveyors, ship owners and representatives from marineterminals. It is a truly international committee with representatives from most Western European countries, theMiddle East, and North and South America and China. Equipment manufacturers and experts having specificknowledge of measurement techniques are often invited to present papers to the sub-committee.

The EI maintains liaison with parallel working groups of the American Petroleum Institute’s Committee onPetroleum Measurement, and other organizations concerned with quantitative measurement in other countries andin other industries.

The IP Hydrocarbon Management Guides are widely used by the petroleum industry and have received recognitionin many countries by consumers and the authorities. In order to promote their wide adoption internationally, it isthe policy to submit selected standards via the British Standards Institute to the International StandardsOrganisation’s technical committee TC- 28 Petroleum Products and Lubricants, as potential International Standards.

A full list of the IP Hydrocarbon Management Guides is available on request from the Energy Institute.

The IP Hydrocarbon Management Guides are recommended for general adoption but should be read and interpretedin conjunction with weights and measures, safety, customs and excise and other regulations in force in a particularcountry in which they are to be applied. Such regulatory requirements have precedence over corresponding clausesin the IP document except where the requirements of the latter are more rigorous, when its use is recommended.

Although it is believed that adoption of the recommendations of this code will assist the user, the Energy Institutecannot accept any responsibility, of whatsoever kind, for damage or alleged damage arising or otherwise occurringon vessels or in or about premises where this document has been applied.

The crude oil properties given in this document have been reproduced from data submitted to HMC 4B. At the timeof submission the organizations supplying the information considered it to be correct; however the Energy Instituteis not responsible for any inaccuracies or variations in the data which may subsequently become apparent.

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Users of these guidelines are invited to send comments, suggestions, or details of experience with this issue to:

Technical DepartmentHydrocarbon Management SectionEnergy Institute61 New Cavendish StreetLondonW1G 7AR

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following members of the Energy Institute Hydrocarbon Management Committee 4B have been associated withthe production of this edition of these Guidelines:

P Rooney Conoco (Chairman)G Delise SunocoL P Broberg ScanraffA Criscuolo ENIG Ferraro ERG PetroliG Defilippo Marathon AshlandM Drury BPJ Foxwell ShellU Dockerty ShellE Garsetti SarasP Harrison Consultant (Secretary)P Hebb IFIAA Hernandez RepsolA Kay IFIAJ L Kerdiles TotalS Lin Chinese Petroleum CorporationR Luckritz ExxonMobilP Monteverde ENIA Natoli SarasJ Noxon APIJ Osmundsen StatoilK Slagle ExxonMobilR Tolman Chevron TexacoJ Voeltz European Terminals (TAL)C Yamamoto Pemex

Editorial:J Phipps Consultant

Special Thanks:HMSO Figures reproduced in Annex B. Crown copyright is reproduced with the kind permission

of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.B Nicholls The Committee wishes to thank Mr B Nicholls in particular for his extensive contribution.

Company affiliations are those at the time the document was being prepared.

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INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE

MARPOL regulations regarding Crude Oil Washing(COW) were introduced into the shipping industry inthe late 1970s. The purpose of these regulations was toreduce the chances of marine pollution by reducing theneed for water washing ships’ tanks after discharge ofcargo. Notwithstanding anything written hereunder, thecurrent MARPOL regulations should be adhered to.

One of the older IMO resolutions regarding thespecifications for design, operation and control of crudeoil washing systems 'recognizes that furtherimprovement may be required in the specifications,taking into account the development of technology inthis field and in the light of experience gained'.

This publication has been compiled with the aim ofsharing the experiences of the oil companiesrepresented on committee HMC 4B with other branchesof the oil industry; and to provide guidance with regardto the carriage, heating and crude oil washing of thedifferent crude oils. Some of the companies on thecommittee also operate tanker fleets thus enabling thedata to be reviewed by the marine industry at large.

For this second edition to remain current there isprovision for users to send data and recommendationsto the EI on the form provided in Annex A. A table ofcrude oil properties can be found in Annex D. Thisannex is replicated on the HMC 4B website which canbe found on www.energyinst.org.uk. Neither set of datashould be used without consulting the remainingchapters in this publication.

The crude oils have been listed in alphabeticalorder. Against each crude is a set of characteristicsobtained from a number of different assays. Many ofthe characteristics are given as a range which reflectsthe differences found in the base data. No single valuein this guide should be considered as absolute. Thecarriage and discharge temperatures were generallyobtained from current oil company guidelines.However, where there has been no information theremay be a temperature, the choice of which has beenbased on experiences of crude oils with similarproperties. Further explanation is given in Section 5.

Safe handling of crude oil is paramount in theindustry. The committee has obtained some informationon both hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and benzene content.Again further explanation can be found in Section 5,with safety precautions highlighted in Section 6.

This document provides guidelines for the heatingand Crude Oil Washing (COW) of many crude oils inthe world that may be transported by sea.

As well as enhancing the current regulationsregarding reducing marine pollution, the document isalso designed to advise the reader on the grades ofcrude oil that may give rise to an increase in VolatileOrganic Compounds (VOC) emissions if excessivelyused for COW.

The document also highlights a number of crudeoils that are known to be potentially harmful due toconcentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and/orbenzene.

HM 40 GUIDELINES FOR THE CRUDE OIL WASHING OF SHIPS’ TANKS AND THE HEATING OF CRUDE OIL BEING TRANSPORTED BY SEA

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3

2

REFERENCES

The following Standards and papers have been used inthe preparation of this document:

Cloud point and crude oil washing, T.J. Gunner,October 1995, published by INTERTANKO.

Petroleum Measurement Tables, Volume XI/XII(ASTM D 1250-80).

Meteorology For Mariners, ISBN 0-11-400311-4,published by HMSO.

Note: Figures from this publication are reproducedin Annex B. Crown copyright is reproduced with thepermission of the Controller of Her Majesty’sStationery Office.

International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers andTerminals, 4th edition, ISBN 1-85609-081-7, publishedby Witherby.

The IP Standard methods for analysis and testing ofpetroleum and related products, and British Standard2000 Parts, latest edition, published by the EnergyInstitute.

ASTM Annual book of standards, Section 5, PetroleumProducts, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels, latest edition,published by ASTM.

Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil,Annex 1 of MARPOL 73/78 including amendments,ISBN 92-801-1280-5, published by IMO.

Crude Oil Washing Systems, 4th (2000) edition, ISBN92-801-5094-4, published by IMO.

Revised Specifications for the Design, Operation andControl of Crude Oil Washing Systems, IMO resolutionA.446 (XI) as amended A.496 (XII), published by IMO.


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5

3

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

For the purposes of these IP Guidelines, the terms usedshould be understood to have the following meanings:

asphaltenes: wax free material, insoluble in heptanebut soluble in hot benzene.

ballast: water taken on board when a vessel is empty orpartially loaded/discharged to increase draught so thatthe propeller is fully immersed, stability and trim aremaintained, and stresses minimised. Specific ballastterms are as follows:

departure ballast: ballast taken on board prior todeparture. If loaded into tanks that have previouslycontained cargo it may contain traces of oil and betermed dirty ballast.

clean ballast: ballast contained in cargo tanks thathave been COW’d and thoroughly water washed.It may be discharged to sea and meets MARPOLrequirements.

segregated ballast: ballast that is contained indedicated ballast tanks serviced by dedicatedballast pumps and lines with no permanentconnection to the cargo system.

heavy weather ballast: additional ballast loadedinto cargo tanks to enable the vessel to maintain asafe sea-going condition under extreme weatherconditions.

bottom wash: crude oil washing operations restrictedto the lower parts of the tank bulkheads, internal

structures and bottom of tanks. This can only be carriedout by vessels equipped with programmable tankwashing machines.

clingage: material which adheres to the surfaces of tankwalls and structures, both horizontal and vertical, withinempty and part empty tanks, other than bottom surfaces.

cloud point: for the purposes of this document, acalculated temperature ( C) as defined in Section 5.8.

crude oil: for the purposes of these guidelines crude oiltypes have been sub-divided into:

aromatic crude oil: see high viscosity crude oil.

high viscosity crude oil: a crude oil which due toits viscosity alone requires heating duringtransportation, COW or discharge. These types ofcrude oil generally have a high aromatic contentand may have the designation aromatic crude oil.

volatile crude oil: crude oil, having a highconcentration of components boiling belowambient temperature (Gas to C4), which results inexcessive gas evolution if used as a COW medium.

waxy paraffinic crude oil: a crude oil which, byfunction of its total wax content , requires heatingto prevent sludge deposition during transportationand discharge.

crude oil washing (COW): the use of a high-pressurestream of crude oil cargo to dislodge or dissolve


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clingage and sediments from the bulkheads, bottom andinternal tank structures of a vessel during the dischargeoperation.

cutter stock: diluent material used for tank washing,acting as a solvent or viscosity reducer to enable betterrecovery of ROB. It may be heated.

full cycle washing: crude oil washing operation inwhich the complete cargo tank is washed.

gas to C4: an abbreviation for the percent mass ofhydrocarbon gases at normal temperature and pressurefrom C1 to C4 inclusive, present in crude oil.

inert gas (IG): a gas or gas mixture used to render thevapour space above the cargo non-flammable.

ISGOTT: International Safety Guide for Oil Tankersand Terminals.

IMO: International Maritime Organization.

ISO: International Organization for Standardization.

MARPOL: the Protocol of 1978 relating to theInternational Convention for the Prevention of Pollutionfrom Ships, 1973, amended 1992.

on board quantity (OBQ): sum of measured liquidvolume, including free water and measured non-liquidvolume but excluding any vapours, in cargo tanks priorto loading.

pour point: the lowest temperature ( C) at which an oilwill continue to flow when it is cooled under specifiedstandard conditions.

remaining on board (ROB): sum of measured liquidvolume, including free water, and measured non-liquidvolume but excluding vapours, in cargo tanks oncompletion of discharge.

reid vapour pressure (RVP): absolute pressureexerted by the gas produced by evaporation from theliquid, as measured by Reid apparatus under thespecific conditions of test temperature, vapour/liquidratio and air saturation.

segregated ballast tankers (SBTs): vessels havingsufficient dedicated ballast tanks to enable safe sea-going operations under normal weather conditions. Seealso heavy weather ballast.

slop tank(s): for the purposes of these guidelinestank(s) utilized as a reservoir for COW medium andreceipt of tank washings.

stripping: the removal of the final contents of a cargotank using equipment additional to the main cargopumps.

threshold limit value (TLV): the time-weightedaverage concentration of a substance to which workersmay be repeatedly exposed, for a normal 8-hourworkday or 40-hour workweek, day after day withoutadverse effect.

trim: The difference between the fore and aft draughtof the vessel. When the aft draught is greater than theforward draught, the vessel is said to be trimmed 'by thestern'. When the aft draught is less than the forwarddraught, the vessel is said to be trimmed 'by the head'.

true vapour pressure (TVP): the absolute pressureexerted by the gas produced by evaporation from aliquid, when the gas and liquid are in equilibrium at theprevailing temperature.

viscosity: a measurement of a fluid’s resistance to flowat a prescribed temperature. In this document the unit ofcentistoke (cSt) has been used which is equivalent tomm2/s.

volatile organic compounds (VOCs): a large family ofcarbon-containing compounds which are emitted orevaporate into the atmosphere and can take part inphotochemical reactions in the air.

wax: a mixture of long chain hydrocarbons thatcrystallize at different temperatures as the overall fluidtemperature falls.

wax/sediment = sludge: that element of the material ina ship’s cargo tank which is essentially not freeflowing. It consists of hydrocarbon waxes and maycontain water/oil emulsions and sediments.

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4

CRUDE OIL WASHING ANDHEATING GUIDELINE

4.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

In the past there has been no guideline for COW orCargo Heating except for the general specificationsgiven in the MARPOL regulations and the COWmanuals supplied to each vessel. Over the past fewyears the number of different crude oils becomingavailable for carriage by sea has substantially increased.The quality of these crude oils can differ immensely.This has led to the industry questioning the presentregulations especially as other environmentalconsiderations such as air pollution must now beconsidered alongside marine pollution. Theconsequences of reducing oil losses to the environmentare firstly to maximise the quantity of cargo discharged,for which there is a financial reward, and secondly, abetter public perception of the oil industry. Presentthinking is that performing a full COW on all occasionsis not necessarily environmentally sound. For a largenumber of crude oils, minimising the amount of COWreduces cargo losses. However, COW methodologyshould be dependent on the appropriate crude oilcharacteristics, type of vessel, available equipment andprevious experience.

There are two distinct areas where a full COW maybe counter-productive: that of crude oils unsuitable forCOW due to their viscous or waxy nature leading tohigh ROB, and that where the crude oils are particularlyvolatile, the use of which would result in excessive gasevolution.

4.2 HIGH VISCOSITY CRUDE OILS

For these crude oils the problem is high viscosity notnecessarily sludge deposition, therefore these types ofcrude oil may have a lower carriage temperature thandischarge temperature. They usually have a higharomatic content and may be known as 'aromatic crudeoils'. A further complication arises with aromatic crudeoils in that when used to wash paraffinic crude oil orvice versa, chemical incompatibility can cause theprecipitation of asphaltenes from solution therebyincreasing sludge deposition.

4.3 WAXY PARAFFINIC CRUDE OILS

It is important for these crude oils to maintain, orincrease where appropriate, the oil temperature to therecommended level from the commencement of loadingto prevent sludge deposition. Generally, there will be nodifference between carriage and discharge temperature.Guidance on wax content is given in Section 5.6.

4.4 VOLATILE CRUDE OILS

These crude oils are not officially classed or listed inthe MARPOL regulations, but have a potentiallyserious impact on vessel safety and the environment ifused as a COW medium. Guidance on volatility isgiven in Section 5.5.


8

With volatile crude oils transported on COWtankers the COW operation can justifiably be reducedto a 'bottom wash only' or even 'zero' in appropriatecargo tanks, certainly in cargo tanks which will be usedonly for departure ballast.

Cargo tanks which will be used for clean ballast,required on arrival at the next port of loading, need tobe carefully considered since these must meet thecurrent MARPOL requirements. These requirementsonly give details for washing full cycles, the implicationbeing that 'bottom washing only' is not currentlyacceptable.

For SBTs, the only tanks requiring COW would bethose that may be required for heavy weather ballast.

Where the port for the next loading is known andthe procedure is to pump all ballast ashore, a 'bottomwash only' should be acceptable. Where clean arrivalballast for the next load port must be dischargedoverboard, a more cautious approach must be adoptedto reduce the risk of a marine pollution incident.

In all events the priority criteria are to ensure thatthe ship’s cargo tanks are washed to the standardrequired to minimise all pollution risks.

4.5 SHIP TYPE

4.5.1 COW tankers

A number of crude oil carriers trading at present arestill classed as COW tankers. Some of the cargo tankson this type of vessel are also utilised for clean ordeparture ballast. MARPOL73/78, Annex 1, Reg. 13Bstates that, 'ballast water is only put into cargo tankswhich have been crude oil washed' and also requiresthat every tanker operating with COW systems shall beprovided with an COW Operations and EquipmentManual detailing the system, equipment and specifyingoperational procedures. With COW tankers the extentthat COW can be reduced is limited.

4.5.2 Segregated ballast tankers (SBTs)

COW tankers are gradually being replaced bySegregated Ballast Tankers (SBTs). Every tanker forwhich the building contract was placed after 1 June1979 or delivered after 1 June 1982 is required to befitted with protectively located ballast tanks and to befitted for COW. With the exception of the heavyweather ballast tank(s) these tankers do not have toperform COW except for the control of sludge. The

degree of control that can be exercised over COW istherefore much greater but will still be dependent uponwhether the ship is fitted with programmable COWmachines.

4.5.3 Double-hull tankers

These vessels are a particular type of SBT. The cargocarrying spaces are surrounded by tanks that cancontain ballast water when on ballast passage. Thismeans that there are wing ballast tanks outboard of thecargo spaces for the full length of the cargo space anddouble-bottom water ballast tanks below the cargospaces.

When loaded with cargo, the oil is insulated froma hull that may be relatively cold due to ambientweather/sea conditions. It is possible that the oil willnot require as much energy to retain loaded temperatureor will not cool as fast as a conventional single-hullvessel.

Although on arrival the cargo may have atemperature above the cloud point, as ballast is taken onboard, the inner hull could be substantially cooled. Thiscooling may encourage wax laydown within the cargotank. It is important to assess the ballast watertemperature and consider its cooling effect on the innerhull, bearing in mind the cargo quality.

4.6 CARGO HEATING

4.6.1 General

The optimum temperature to which the cargo should beheated is largely dependent upon the pour point, cloudpoint, total wax content and the viscosity of the cargo.The ambient weather and sea conditions also influencethe heating requirements. Furthermore, it may benecessary to heat the cargo required for COW to ahigher temperature than bulk cargo.

The data supplied in Annex D give, besides thecharacteristics of each crude, guidelines on the COWrequirements, minimum carriage and transfertemperatures. The suggested COW procedures arecoded for the two types of tankers, COW tankers orSBTs, for both winter and summer conditions. It shouldbe emphasised that the temperatures and proceduresgiven in Annex D guidelines: actual conditionsexperienced either during the voyage or duringdischarge may require a revision in implementation orprocedure.

CRUDE OIL WASHING AND HEATING GUIDELINE

9

4.6.2 Heat exchangers/deep well pumpcombinations

Where cargo temperature is maintained using heatingcoils, the heat energy is imparted on a continuous basisfor the majority of the discharge. Where deep-wellpumps are used to circulate cargo via 'on-deck' heatexchangers, it is probable that during discharge heatingcannot be continued. Vessels with this type of systeminstalled may be unsuitable for carrying some heatedcrude oils.

4.7 PRE-CHARTERING STAGE

Before a ship is chartered the following informationmay be relevant :

a) That the COW and Inert Gas (IG) systems are fullyoperational according to the international/nationalregulations. These regulations also apply to thecontinuous monitoring and recording of IGpressure and oxygen content for the duration of thetransfer operation. Failure of the monitors andrecording instrumentation will preclude thecarrying out of COW operations.

b) The ship type, which will dictate the level of COWrequired.

c) The COW machines, whether programmable ornon-programmable.

d) Type of heating system, either continuous (heatingcoils), or not (heat exchangers with deep-wellpumps).

Note: With respect to volatile cargoes i.e. those withhigh Gas to C4 content, refer to Section 5.5; performinga full COW with non-programmable machines maygenerate unacceptable levels of hydrocarbon gasevolution which may cause a higher than normal loss onoutturn and may give rise to air pollution.

These COW and heating guidelines are not intended topreclude charterers from specifying their own COWand heating requirements in a charter party.

4.8 CRUDE OIL WASHING

4.8.1 General

The ships’ officers or charterers’/cargo receivers’representative (if appointed), should decide if COWneeds to be performed and if so assess its effectiveness,even if the data suggest that COW is not required. Forexample, North Sea crude oils (e.g. Brent) generallyhave a moderate wax content and on short voyages insummer, where the cargo retains its loaded temperature,COW need not be performed. However, if the voyageis long then wax may settle out of the cargo and abottom wash will be required. In most cases tank dipswill need to be obtained at a number of points in eachcargo tank to assess the amount and location ofwax/sediments remaining after initial draining and todetermine if COW is necessary. The IMO publicationon crude oil washing systems advises in Section 4.4.4that 'Suitable arrangements for hand dipping must beprovided at the aftermost portion of a cargo tank and inthree other suitable locations unless other approvedmeans are fitted for efficiently ascertaining that thebottom of every cargo tank is dry'. The maindisadvantage of COW is the generation of hydrocarbongas. This gas constitutes a loss and should beconsidered in the formulation of any COW policy.

4.8.2 Non-hydrocarbon components of crude oil

It has to be recognised that COW is a vigorous washingmethod which ensures that the ship will discharge moreof the non-hydrocarbon components such as sand andshale etc. than would be the case if COW is not carriedout. These contaminants form part of the cargo and it isthe responsibility of the terminal to receive these andtreat/dispose accordingly. However, they are abrasiveand have a detrimental effect on the internals of pipes,valves and fittings that accelerates wear, leading toincreased maintenance costs around refineries andterminals; the performance of in-line samplers may alsobe affected. Furthermore, sludge problems in shoretanks are aggravated which in turn increases cleaningand disposal costs. The accumulation of sludge affectsboth shore tank measurement and water draining.Inadequate water draining of crude feed tanks canadversely affect refinery operations.


10

4.8.3 Charterer’s representative

A charterer’s or cargo receiver’s representative may beappointed to monitor the cargo discharge. If appointed,his/her duties are to liaise with both the ship and shorepersonnel with regards to the general dischargeoperation and COW. Charterers’ representatives arefully conversant with the crude oil properties and willbe able to advise the ship’s staff on the effectiveness oftheir discharge and COW plan. They should besufficiently knowledgeable about dischargingoperations to be able to suggest changes to the plan thatmay be required during discharge, to maximise theoutturn whilst minimising environmental pollution.

4.8.4 COW medium

Many COW operations manuals seem to imply thatwhen performing COW, cargo tanks should be washedwith 'fresh' crude oil and not with 're-cycled' crude oilfrom the slop tanks. The term 'fresh' means crude oilthat is essentially dry and has not previously been usedfor COW, 're-cycled' being crude oil that has beenpreviously used to wash the ship’s tanks. This isparticularly important when performing COW withwaxy crude oils as continued washing with the samecrude oil can lead to wax saturation and complete lossof solvency. COW using the 'closed-cycle' re-circulation method is not suited to routine crude oilwashing as it causes delay, and increases the risk ofpassing sediment through the machines and of using oilwhich has lost much of its solvency. In order tomaintain a consistent quality of oil discharged, tankwashings should be commingled and discharged withthe main cargo. The exceptions are waxy paraffiniccargoes where the slop tank contents are heated to ahigher temperature than the rest of the cargo to assist inthe removal of waxes. The crude oils that require thisspecial treatment are noted in the data 'Remarks' columnof Annex D.

4.8.5 Backloading 'cutter stock'

On occasions where large amounts of ROB aredetected, it may be financially advantageous tobackload a suitable 'cutter stock', if available, to be usedfor COW. If the cutter stock, which is usually a middledistillate oil, is heated, further improvements in thereduction of ROB may be obtained. Alternatively, asuitable crude oil having similar properties to cutterstock could also be used.

Only a few crude oils, as noted in Annex D, requirewashing with cutter stock. For example, the residues

from Widuri, which is a high pour point crude oil witha high wax content, have successfully been removedwith heated cutter stock.

The procedure was to discharge all cargo tanks toa depth of one metre and leave with the heating on.Each tank was then successively stripped, washed withcutter stock, and finally stripped, with good results. Toclear the draining holes of wax the COW machineswere programmed to bottom wash first and then befollowed by a full-cycle wash.

Before backloading cutter stock carefulconsideration must be given to the following points:

— If the cutter stock is an on-specification product thecost of re-processing may be high in relation to thequantity and quality of the cargo residuesrecovered from the ship’s tanks.

— The quality of ROB. There would be no point inperforming this operation just to clean the cargotanks of non-hydrocarbons.

— Discharge time available. This may beconsiderably increased if backloading of the cutterstock cannot take place until all of the cargo hasbeen discharged.

— Suitable cutter stock is available.

It is recommended that this operation is not performedunless the economics of the situation have beencarefully assessed.

Cargoes of waxy paraffinic or high viscosity crudeoil which cannot be suitably conditioned to enableCOW, or where cutter stock or a suitable crude oil isnot available for washing, should be treated in the sameway as fuel oil.

4.9 VENTING VAPOURS

4.9.1 In transit

During the voyage the vapour/IG pressure above thecargo may rise to a level considered as unsafe by ship’sstaff. Normal operations would involve releasing thispressure to the atmosphere by manual opening of themast riser valves. The vapour/IG is released until thepressure falls to some arbitrary low level. However, ifthis low pressure is below the TVP of the cargo at theobserved temperature the vapour/liquid equilibrium willbe upset and more vapour will be created from thecargo. The eventual release of this vapour will increase

CRUDE OIL WASHING AND HEATING GUIDELINE

11

environmental pollution and cargo loss.The committee believes that controlled venting at

sea can reduce overall emissions and potential cargoloss. Traditionally, regular venting to a low pressure200 – 300 mmH2O, was thought to be the mosteffective method of tank pressure control. Recentstudies have indicated that reducing to such lowpressures can simply result in rapid evolution of morevapour and an accelerated pressure increase. Controlledventing to a higher pressure in the region of 800 to1000 mm H2O could significantly reduce totalemissions.

4.9.2 During crude oil washing

Any gas generated by COW should remain within theullage spaces and mixed with the inert gas. Gas ventedoff, especially during COW, means a substantial loss oflight ends to the atmosphere thereby increasingenvironmental pollution. It is recommended thatcharterers instruct, and masters of ships ensure, that theIG system is operated such that excessive pressures arenot generated and no vapour is vented to atmosphereduring discharge. Except in an emergency, the mastriser and/or other vents should be kept closed. Fordipping of tanks during COW operations, only gaugingpositions fitted with vapour lock valves should be used.

4.10 INSTRUCTIONS TO SHIPS’ MASTERS

To help maximise outturns, it is recommended that thecharterer or cargo owner’s representative should liaisewith the ship’s master/chief officer to achieve thefollowing:

a) Previous cargo:

The cargo representative must ascertain the type ofcargo carried and the washing performed for theprevious voyage. This information will help determinethe COW to be carried out on the present voyage. If theprevious cargo gave rise to substantial quantities ofROB/OBQ then even with a current cargo of a qualityrequiring no COW, as specified in Annex D, a bottom,or possibly a full COW, may be required to clean theship to an acceptable standard. However, closedconditions should be maintained.

b) Trim:

To achieve effective stripping of the cargo tanks it isrecommended that a good stern trim is maintained

during COW and stripping of the tanks. Current COWoperation manual requirements advise that '…the trimconditions for crude oil washing given in theOperations and Equipment Manual shall be adhered to.In general, trim by the stern is only important duringthe final stages of tank discharge and shall be themaximum possible compatible with operationalconstraints…'. If the tank suctions are offset from thecentre line of the tank then the ship may also be listedso that the oil flows towards the tank suctions.Reference should be made to the vessel’s COWoperations manual and/or the vessel’s standardconditions book. Note: The requirement for trim during COW shouldnot be mistaken for the MARPOL requirements of avessel in ballast condition which limits the vessel’s trimto 0,015 of the vessel’s length. However, certain portsrequire this as the maximum trim to be attained toenable the vessel to be safely manoeuvred in anemergency.

c) Draining:

During COW a slight build up of washing oil on thetank bottom is normal. To some extent this is desirablesince it carries the wax and sediments to the tanksuctions. It is the degree of build up that has to becontrolled. If the depth of oil at the after end of the tankexceeds 0,30 metres then COW should be suspendedand the tank drained.

d) Stripping:

— Low viscosity crude oils: Tanks should be left for as long as possible for'run-down' to occur after COW and/or stripping forthe first time. On completion of run-down the tanksshould be restripped. Even if time is short it issuggested that the tanks should be stripped at leasttwice.

— High viscosity/high wax crude oils: Tanks should be stripped immediately after COWand/or when first emptied. Restripping should takeplace shortly after, whilst the tank is still warm.High viscosity low pour point oils flow slowly andtake time to reach the tank suction. In these casesit is better to wait for as long as possible beforestripping the tanks for the final time. Due attentionshould be paid to the ambient conditions includingsea and ballast temperatures which if cool mayincrease clingage during COW. To limit this effectit may be necessary to reduce the planned COWprogramme.


12

e) Slop tanks:

Because of electrostatic hazards, COW must not beperformed with oil in slop tanks which have been usedfor Load-on-Top purposes or wet crude oil. Ship’sofficers should be instructed to discharge the slop tanksfirst and refill with dry oil from other cargo tanks.

f) COW feed tank:

Experience has shown that for the COW of highpour/waxy cargoes the COW feed tank (normally theslop tank) should be heated to at least 10 C above theaverage cargo temperature. Crude oils requiring thisextra heating are listed in Annex D.

13

5

KEY TO CRUDE OIL DATA SHEETS(Annex D)

5.1 CRUDE OIL TYPE

The crude oils have been arranged in alphabetical order.Note: The absence of a value for a particular

parameter indicates that data are not available; it doesnot indicate a nil result.

5.2 ASSAY DATE

The assay date is the date of the most recent assayreceived by HM-L-4B. However, an assay may notcontain all of the data, for the crude oil underconsideration, required by Annex D. Therefore somedata may not be as recent as the assay date implies.

The data are generally displayed as a range exceptin the case of viscosity. One of the shortcomings of thiscollection method is that possible trends in crudequality cannot be tracked.

5.3 API GRAVITY

Since crude oils are traded in barrels and API Gravitiesthe data in Annex D follow this system.

To interconvert from API Gravity at 60 F anddensity at 15 C use the Petroleum Measurement Tables(IP200/80 ASTM D 1250-80) Volume XI/XII, Table 3.

5.4 REID VAPOUR PRESSURE (RVP)

RVP is the most common vapour data available. Themain problem with this information is that the samplingconditions are not known thus the values quoted havea large uncertainty. Also it is likely that RVP is not arealistic value when comparisons are made againstvapour release from crude oil being carried in a ship’stank. However, in the short term, if a high RVP value isobserved there may be a potential vapour loss duringCOW.

5.5 GAS TO C4

Once again the results given in this column are highlydependent upon the conditions under which the sampleswere drawn. They are taken from the assay of eachcrude oil, considering the boiling fractions frommethane to butane.

If the Gas to C4 is a high value, generally in excessof about 2,5% m/m, high gas losses may be experiencedduring transportation but more particularly duringCOW operations.

5.6 TOTAL WAX

The total wax, expressed as a percentage weight, is thesum of the wax found in various boiling fractions of thecrude oil assay.


14

Indications are:

Wax Content(% m/m)

Sludge deposition

< 3 Minimal

3 - 6Some deposition undercooler climaticconditions

> 6Some cargoconditioning may berequired i.e. heating

5.7 POUR POINT

In the past, pour point has been considered as theprimary indicator as to whether or not a crude oilshould be heated. It was considered adequate to heatcargoes to a temperature of 10 C above the pour point.However, more recent research has indicated that thismay not be such a useful criterion as once thought.Even at a suitable temperature above the pour pointsignificant sludging can still occur. It is now felt thatcloud point is a more suitable temperature indicator.However, pour point is included in Annex D since acorrelation between pour point and cloud point is givenin Section 7.

5.8 CLOUD POINT (CALC)

Cloud point is the temperature at which phaseseparation occurs. One of the considerations in thissection has been terminology. Other publications usethe terms wax appearance point, wax appearancetemperature, or cloud point. All of these involve someform of experimental determination.

The temperatures quoted in Annex D are based onthe two calculation methods shown in Section 7. Thefirst correlation is based on a weighted wax content ofindividual boiling fractions. The second correlation isbased on a blending indices method. In order todifferentiate between the experimental and calculationmethods the term 'cloud point (calc)' will indicate thatit has been calculated.

As the determination of the temperature at whichthe first wax crystal precipitates out of solution is not soimportant in the marine industry, the equations used inthis publication are of sufficient accuracy. However,

cloud points calculated in this publication may not besufficiently accurate for pipeline operations.Experimental techniques such as microscopy should beused.

5.9 KINEMATIC VISCOSITY

Where possible, two kinematic viscosities, at twotemperatures, are given. In all cases both viscositieshave been obtained from the same assay data. Using theformulae in Section 7 it is possible to calculate thekinematic viscosity at any temperature.

The viscosity at ambient temperature is importantbecause it affects the efficiency of both the cargo andstripping pumps. To maintain optimum efficiency forcentrifugal cargo pumps the cargo viscosity should notexceed 250 mm2/s. During stripping operations theviscosity of the cargo should not exceed 600 mm2/s.

Note: the unit mm2/s was formerly entitled cSt(centistokes).

5.10 LOAD, CARRIAGE AND DISCHARGETEMPERATURES

This information was collated from data supplied by theoil companies represented on committee HM-L-4B.Where data are unavailable, carriage and dischargetemperatures have been included, where possible,which are based on the carriage and dischargeconditions of other crude oils having similar properties.Generally, for paraffinic crude oils there will be nodifferentiation between carriage and dischargetemperature. However, for aromatic crude oils thedischarge temperature may need to be increased abovethe carriage temperature to reduce the viscosity duringpumping operations. In the future sufficient informationmay become available to enable more specificinstructions for heating the crude oil used for COW.

An additional temperature has been included in thedata and labelled 'load' since some companies haveindicated temperatures under which they would notcommence loading a particular crude oil.

The data indicate the minimum temperature in allcases and have been arrived at by experience. However,ambient conditions throughout the voyage should alsobe given due consideration as minimum temperaturesmay need to be increased.

5.11 COW INSTRUCTIONS

COW codes developed for these guidelines can be

KEY TO CRUDE OIL DATA SHEETS (Annex D)

15

found in Annex D. References under 'Remarks', wherenecessary, are made to heating the contents of the sloptanks to a temperature of at least 10 C above theaverage cargo temperature. The value of 10 C is purelyarbitrary but is based upon experience. A difference ofless than 10 C does not give rise to an appreciablechange in crude oil quality (usually viscosity).Temperature differences greater than 10 C may berequired with some crude oils.

5.11.1 COW tanker (COWT) (Code A)

Where the COW codes in Annex D have the formatAW/AS, AW is the code to be used for crude oil beingcarried or discharged in winter conditions whilst AS isthe code for crude oil being carried or discharged insummer conditions. For example, for a code of A1/A2,A1 is the code to use for winter conditions and code A2for summer conditions. Where the COW code in AnnexD is a single code e.g. A3, this code can be used withequal validity in both winter and summer conditions.

As a general guide, the following summer/winterdesignations apply:

— Northern Hemisphere (North of the Tropic ofCancer). Summer: 1 April to 30 September.Winter: 1 October to 31 March.

— Southern Hemisphere (South of the Tropic ofCapricorn). Summer: 1 October to 31 March.Winter: 1 April to 30 September.

— The code for the Tropics is usually obtained fromthe summer section (AS) of the above data. If indoubt the worst-case scenario should be chosenand the codes obtained from the winter section(AW) of the data.

Ambient conditions, for example cold sea water, cangreatly affect the crude oil temperature, especiallylayers close to the hull or adjacent to the ballast tanks.Localised cooling to temperatures below the cloud pointleads to precipitation of wax, which in turn aggravatesclingage and ROB on discharge. On the other hand,high oil temperatures caused by high air and seatemperatures may lead to the evolution of hydrocarbongas.

As a further guide the mean sea water and airtemperatures for February and August are included inthese guidelines (see Annex B).

5.11.2 Segregated ballast tankers (SBT) (Code B)

COW codes for SBTs are differentiated from COWTankers (COWTs) by substituting a B for an A e.g.B4/B7.

5.12 HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)

Concentrations of H2S (ppm mass) in the oil phase ofvarious crude oils are also supplied. There is nocorrelation between the concentration of H2S in the oilphase (ppm mass) with the concentration of H2S in thevapour phase (ppm volume), (ISGOTT Section 16.5).However, for guidance purposes, crudes where highlevels have been found in the vapour phase are noted.The blank spaces in the table do not indicate a value ofzero but indicate that no information is available. At alltimes crude oil should be treated with caution asadvised in ISGOTT, as referenced in Section 6.2 of thisdocument.

5.13 BENZENE

Benzene contents of various crude oils are given on apercent mass/mass basis. Again, the precautionaryadvice in ISGOTT, as referenced in Section 6.4 of thisdocument, should be consulted.

5.14 REMARKS

In the tables of Annex D the committee has tried to pulltogether as much added information as possible.

One of the main items covered is the possiblepresence of H2S gas, especially in the vapour phase. Anote regarding safety precautions when handlingpetroleum cargoes can be found in Section 6. The list ofcargoes containing H2S should not be considered asexhaustive as H2S levels change with both field age andblend.

Some crude oils listed as 'subject to wax laydownin cold conditions' are those having a relatively highwax content that could result in larger than usual sludgedeposition under certain conditions. A good example ofthis is Brent Blend which is transported unheated all theyear round on short voyages across the North Sea, butrequires some heating when being transported acrossthe Labrador Current to the East Coast of the USA inwinter.

Another note that has been used is 'COW with thiscrude may result in high tank pressures'. This is areflection of the relatively high Gas to C4 content of thecrude oil. Due to their solvent properties these crudeoils are generally considered good as a COW mediumfor removing the residues from past cargo. However,they generate high vapour volumes which increasecargo loss, cause tank pressures to rise, and may lead toair pollution as pressure is relieved to the atmosphere.


16

With some of these types of crude oil the need to COWis questionable. An example of this is Saharan Blendwhich has a high Gas to C4 content, low wax contentand low cloud point temperature.

Past versions of COW manuals listed a number ofcrude oils which were considered to be unsuitable forcrude oil washing due to their high pour point orviscosity. However, nearly all of these crude oils havebeen successfully used for COW by suitable

conditioning beforehand. Conditioning generally meansto heat the oil but the addition of a detergent may be apossibility. It is for these reasons that most of theunsuitable crude oils listed in the COW manual havebeen given COW codes in Annex D.

Finally, the committee would like the users of thisdocument to submit information on the DataSubmission Form, given in Annex A, for inclusion infurther revisions of Annex D.

17

6

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHENHANDLING PETROLEUM CARGOES

6.1 INTRODUCTION

All persons involved in the handling of petroleumcargoes should be aware of the information on toxicityhazards contained in the International Safety Guide forTankers and Terminals (ISGOTT), Chapter 16, Toxicityof petroleum and associated substances.

The risk of exposure to toxic vapours on deck isnot to be disregarded, for here the testing of gasconcentrations is generally unsatisfactory and thedilution of high concentrations of cargo vapour into theatmosphere depends on turbulence and diffusion. Forthis reason care is needed during loading, ballasting andgas freeing, and when measuring or sampling the cargo.Precautions on measuring and sampling are given inISGOTT 7.2, and should be complied with.

In addition any person involved in themeasurement and sampling of petroleum cargoes shouldmake a practice of enquiring from the terminals andmasters if cargoes have any abnormal concentrations oftoxic components and/or whether special precautionsshould be applied.

6.2 HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S)

H2S is present in many crude oils and natural gasolines.Where high concentrations may be present, particularlyin sour crude oils, the H2S is generally removed bysweetening before shipment. All personnel handlingcargoes containing H2S should be fully aware of thehazards outlined in ISGOTT 16.5 and of the relevantprecautions in ISGOTT 7.2.

It is recommended that ships’ staff (deck), cargoinspectors and jetty/offsite operators wear H2S monitorsduring all gauging and sampling operations concerningcrude oil.

6.3 MERCAPTANS

Mercaptans are organic sulfur compounds which arepresent in some crude oils, natural gasolines andfeedstocks. Concentrations of over 500 ppm mass canoccur in some pentanes and up to 150 ppm in somenaphthas.

It should be noted that the TLV is 0,5 ppm so thetoxicity hazards, and the precautions necessary, are verysimilar to H2S.

6.4 BENZENE

Pure benzene is no longer carried in conventionaltankers but it is a component of many crude oils andproducts. The short term effects of exposure to thevapours of cargoes containing aromatics such asbenzene, toluene, xylene and cumene, are similar tothose of other hydrocarbon vapours although somewhatmore severe. However, in addition, exposure to benzenevapours can present a chronic long-term health hazard.Again, full guidance on the toxicity and the precautionsnecessary when handling cargoes containing benzeneand other aromatic hydrocarbons is outlined in ISGOTT16.4.


18

19

log log ( , , ) log log ( , , )

log

10 10 10 10

10

84 3 0 8 40 35 0 8

333313

B

log log , log log log ,

log

10 10 10 10 10 2

102

0 8 0 8V V

BTT

x

x

7

CALCULATION PROCEDURES

7.1 VISCOSITY

The viscosities given in Annex D are taken directlyfrom assay data. Where it is considered necessary tocalculate a viscosity at a particular temperature, otherthan those quoted, a Refutas type equation can be used:

(7.1)

where:Vx is the unknown viscosity at temperature Tx

V2 is the known viscosity at temperature T2

B is the temperature/viscosity slope and is a constantfor each crude type

Note: The unit of kinematic viscosity is mm2/s,formerly called the centistokes (cSt). The unit oftemperature is the Kelvin (K).

where: K = C + 273 (7.2)

Although the equation (7.1) is using Log10Log10 (logs tothe base 10) throughout, natural logs (lnln) could alsobe used. It is essential to use a constant log base.

The B factor for a particular crude oil may bedetermined by substituting the two viscosity/temperature pairs into equation (7.1). This factor canthen be used with one of the two known viscosity/temperature pairs to determine the viscosity at a thirdtemperature, Tx. Where available the tabulated datainclude viscosities at two temperatures.

If only one viscosity/temperature pair is knownfrom assay data an average B factor of 3,50 can be used.

7.1.1 Example 1 - Calculation of a viscosity Bfactor

Using the data for Maya crude oil given in Annex D,the following viscosity/temperature pairs are obtained:

T1 = 40,0 C; V1 = 84,30 mm2/sT2 = 60,0 C; V2 = 40,35 mm2/s

The two temperatures must first be converted fromCelsius to Kelvin:

T1 = 40 + 273 = 313 KT2 = 60 + 273 = 333 K

Using equation (7.1) let Tx = T1 = 313 K, let Vx =V1

= 84,30 mm2/s, let T2 = 333 K, and let V2

= 40,35 mm2/s.

0,2855 = 0,2080 + (B x 0,0269)B = (0,2855 0,2080)/0,0269B = 2,88


20

log log ( , ) log log ( , , )

, log

10 10 10 10

10

0 8 84 3 0 8

2 88313308

Vx

log log ( , ) , ,10 10 0 8 0 2855 0 0201Vx

Vx (log log ( , , ) ,101

101 0 2855 0 0201 0 8

7.1.2 Example 2 - Calculation of viscosity of atypical crude oil at an arrival temperatureof 35 C

In this example the B factor is 2,88 as calculated inexample 1.

Tx = 35 + 273 = 308 K

From the two viscosity/temperature pairs given inAnnex D choose the pair whose temperature is closestto Tx. That is 84,3 mm2/s at 40 C.

Using equation (7.1) the viscosity Vx is calculated asfollows:

Vx = 104,19 mm2/s

Viscosity at 35 C is 104,19 mm2/s.

7.2 CLOUD POINT (CALC)

Two methods were used to calculate the cloud points inAnnex D. These methods assume different waxconcentration curves and neither method has beenproven to be more reliable than the other. The cloudpoints for both methods are given as a temperaturerange.

7.2.1 Method 1

This method is based on an early equation developed byDr T.J. Gunner:

Cloud Point ( C) = 104,26(loglogF - 1,55) (7.3)

where: FT

a2

and = 4(W550 x M550 x C550) = 2(W509 x M509 x C509) = (W369 x M369 x C369)

T = C149,C232,C342,C509,C550

and Wx is the wax content (% weight) of therelevant Cx 'cut'.

Mx is the melting point ( C) of the waxcontent Wx.

C is the % weight of the given distillation'cut'.

Note: The subscript numbers have been used to indicatethe distillation fraction (boiling range) on a crude oilassay such that:

149 means the cut between C5 and 149 C232 means the cut between 149 C and 232 C342 means the cut between 232 C and 342 C369 means the cut between 342 C and 369 C509 means the cut between 369 C and 509 C550 means the cut between 509 C and 550 C

Generally the assay cut points are company dependentand will not conform to those given above. However,there are software distillation packages available thatwill transform any series of 'cut' points to conform tothose shown above.

Many crude oil assays do not report the meltingpoints of the wax contents of the various fractions. Asurvey of the data available from 150 crude oilsrevealed the mean values and standard deviation fromthe mean of the three relevant fractions to be:

Crude 'Cut'

( C)

Mean MeltingPoint ( C)

Standarddeviation

( C)550 65 4509 53 3369 39 1

It is recommended that if wax melting points are notavailable then the above values are used.

7.2.2 Method 2

This utilises the blending indices of the variousdistillation 'cuts'. The blending index is calculated usingthe following equation:

Log10I = 0,02916(Cloud Point( C) + 73,33)(7.4)

where I is the blending index of the fraction underconsideration. However, it is usual to add a subscript toindicate the particular fraction.

For fractions distilling below 149 C the index isassumed to be zero. For the fraction boiling between

CALCULATION PROCEDURES

21

CPIW W I W I W I

B( , ) ( ) ( ) ( )149 232 232 342 342 369 3694 8

100

149 C and 232 C, denoted by I149, the index is 4,8. Forthe middle distillate fractions in the higher boilingranges the blending index has to be calculated fromcloud points given in the crude oil assay. To do this, thecloud point for each fraction is substituted into equation(7.4). For residues where only the pour point isreported, the cloud point is assumed to be 2 C abovethe pour point and the index calculated.

The blending indices for each cut are nowcombined on a weight basis, according to thepercentage weight of each fraction in the crude oil, toderive what may be termed the cloud point index of theblend, CPIB. That is, the cloud point index for the crudeoil in question:

(7.5)where:W149 is the percent weight of the fraction boiling

between 149 C and 232 C.W232 is the percent weight of the fraction boiling



greater than 369 C

I232,I342 and I369 are the cloud point indicescalculated for the above fractions.

Once the CPIB has been derived it can be entered intoequation (7.6) to calculate the required cloud point ofthe crude oil:

Log10CPIB = 0,02916(Cloud Point( C) + 73,33)(7.6)

Where the assay data do not include boiling data at thetemperatures prescribed above, other boiling points canbe used along with their corresponding cloud points.

7.2.3 Simplified procedure

Another equation is available to readers having noassay data. This is especially true for marine staff whomay only have a load port Certificate of Quality. It isbased upon the crude oil pour point and may be subjectto very high uncertainty.

Cloud Point( C) = (20,2 x 10(0,00708y - 0,1157714))+8(7.7)

where: y is the crude oil pour point ( C).

7.2.4 Example 3 - Calculation of Cloud Pointusing equation (7.7)

Consider a cargo of Brent Blend crude oil where theCertificate of Quality advises that the pour point is

3 C.

First calculate the exponential term in equation (7.7):

Exponential term = (0,00708 x pour point) – 0,1157714

Exponential term = (0,00708 x 3) – 0,1157714

Exponential term = -0,1370114

Cloud Point = (20,2 x 10 0,1370114) + 8

Cloud Point = 23 C

The cloud points calculated from methods 1 and 2, andgiven in Annex D, give the range 20 C to 26 C. Forthis crude oil the simplified method appears reasonable.Further information can be found in the IMO Crude OilWashing Systems, Section 9 of the Standard Formats(page 26- page 29).


22

23

ANNEX A

IP CRUDE OILDATA SUBMISSION FORM

Users having data or experience in handling a crude oilnot fully described in these guidelines, or more recentdata than that shown, please complete a copy of thefollowing form and return to:

Technical DepartmentHydrocarbon Management SectionEnergy Institute61 New Cavendish StreetLondon W1G 7ARUnited Kingdom

Test methods

The data for API Gravity, RVP, Pour Point andKinematic Viscosity should be based upon the resultsobtained from current standard test methods. Theprocedures to be employed can be found in the IP’sStandard methods for analysis and testing of petroleumand related products and British Standard 2000 Parts(latest available edition - published annually) or theannual book of ASTM Standards, Section 5, PetroleumProducts, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels, volumes 1 to 6(latest available edition – published annually).

Alternatively there may be equivalent ISO or NationalStandards.

Gas to C4 will only be available from assay data.Total wax and cloud point may only be available aftercalculation based upon assay data.

Suggested temperatures

The carriage and discharge temperatures should bebased on a balance between operational requirements,as well as financial and environmental concerns.

Comments on experiences of handling crude

Even if quality data are not available, should users beinvolved in the handling of a crude oil where anunusual characteristic was observed please spend a fewmoments in completing the comments section on theform. Other useful information to be included would beCOW programme, voyage route and dates, air and seatemperatures (averages on route and those experiencedduring discharge).

The above information will be used in futureeditions of this publication.


24

IP CRUDE OIL DATA SUBMISSION FORM

Name: Indicate Test Standards Used ( )

Organisation: Standard Edition

Address: IP

ASTM

Other (Specify)

Date:

Crude Oil:

Test Data Test Method Used

API Gravity

RVP (psi)

Gas to C4 (% m/m)

Total Wax (% m/m)

Pour Point ( C)

H2S (ppm)Liquid PhaseH2S (ppm) *

Vapour PhaseBenzene (% m/m)

Liquid PhaseKinematic

Viscosity mm2/sT1 ( C) V1(cSt)

T2 ( C) V2(cSt)

Loaded Temp.( C)

Carriage Temp.( C)

Discharge Temp.( C)

Recommended COW codes: AW/AS BW/BS

Comments on Experiences of Handling this Crude Oil

* - If H2S reading in vapour space, please list previous cargo.

25

ANNEX B

CLIMATIC CHARTS OF THE WORLD

Permission to reproduce the following four figures waskindly given by the Controller of Her Majesty’sStationery Office. The attached charts have beenincluded to show mean air and sea temperatures forFebruary and August.

It is hoped they will enable the user to gain betterinsight into the expected ambient conditions which maybe experienced during a proposed voyage. Other factorsnot included in this publication, but which may have alarge effect on the vapour emission from the cargo, arewind speed, wind direction and sea state.

26

Figu

re B

.1 M

ean

sea

surf

ace

tem

pera

ture

(C

), Fe

brua

ry

27

Figu

re B

.2 M

ean

sea

surf

ace

tem

pera

ture

(C

), A

ugus

t

28

Figu

re B

.3 M

ean

air

tem

pera

ture

ove

r th

e oc

eans

(C

), Fe

brua

ry

29

Figu

re B

.4 M

ean

air

tem

pera

ture

ove

r th

e oc

eans

(C

), A

ugus

t


30

31

ANNEX C

COMMENTS ON THE HANDLING OFSOME CRUDE OILS

Each comment is preceded by the date of theobservations in the format (month/year).

Brent Blend

(11/01)A number of cargoes have been reported as having beenfound to have vapour space H2S readings in excess of60 ppm at the receiving port. Further reports werereceived at the 05/02 meeting. A general warning wasposted on the website.

Ezzaouia crude oil

(4/94)This is a crude oil that must be heated to at least 57 C.It is often carried as a small single grade and can betreated as a heavy fuel oil. If the vessel is fitted withCOW machines a wash with the hot crude has beenfound to be beneficial.

Flotta

(9/94)Experiences of some parts of the industry indicate thatthere may be problems with varying cloud point fromcargo to cargo. Sedimentation may be a problem butwhen heating is applied losses of light ends are evident.Some companies do not COW with this gradeespecially on short haul voyages where the cargo

retains its heat.

Iranian Light

(4/95)It was reported that a cargo of Iranian Light loaded at20 C, but unheated, lost 0,2 % of vapour during loadedpassage. Cargo cooling during the voyage led tosignificant sludge deposition which took 14,5 hours toCOW and seven hours to educt.

Maya

(4/95)This crude has been reported as being carried unheatedwith a parcel of Isthmus. The Isthmus was used to washall tanks.

Miskar Condensate

(10/02)This warning was posted onto the website. Miskar hasbeen found to contain 4,7% vol benzene in the liquidphase. Vapour levels are usually below permissibleexposure levels. However, personnel involved intransportation and inspection should wear appropriateprotective equipment. Benzene content of vapourspaces should be checked prior to inspection andappropriate precautions taken.


32

Nile Blend

(10/00)Members were referred to an article in Lloyds Listdated 20/10/00 where it was reported that difficultieshad been found when discharging this grade. HighROBs were being experienced.

(11/01)It was reported that large quantities of wax were beingdeposited from Nile Blend cargoes. 100 m3 was notunknown on a number of cargoes. These deposits werebeing carried over onto subsequent voyages.

Palanca crude oil

(9/94)This crude oil has a relatively high total wax contentwhich makes the outturn very uncertain. This crude oilwill COW but the wash fluid may become saturatedduring the washing and lose its solvency. Once thisoccurs stripping becomes very difficult. For this crudeoil re-cycled oil must not be used for COW. However,good discharge results have been obtained by using gasoil for washing.

(4/95)It has been reported as having been carried withoutheating, loading at 28 C and discharging at 18 C.Another crude oil grade was backloaded and used forCOW. The backloaded crude oils successfully triedwere Saharan Blend and Qua Iboe. There was less lossusing Qua Iboe which may have been due to the lowergas content of this crude oil when compared to SaharanBlend.

Urals (previously Russian export blend)

(05/02)High vapour space H2S levels have been reported abovethis grade.

Syrian Light crude oil

(4/94)This crude oil can be very difficult to handle as the waxcontent is relatively high. Ambient weather conditionsare very important and will affect the discharge. Iftransported within the Mediterranean Sea heating willnot be required in summer, however it is likely thatheating will be required in winter. If the vesseldischarges in Northern Europe then it is probable thatheating will be required even in the summer.

Although the cargo may need to be heated goodoutturn results can be obtained by heating the contentsof the slop tanks by a further 10 C, just prior todischarge, and using for COW.

(5/97)There was a recommendation to L-4B that Syrian Lightcrude oil should be heated to 35 C from the time ofsailing, and maintained at that temperature, tocompletion of discharge. A warning was given that ifno heating is applied then the final ROB in the wintermay constitute 0,5% of the loss (3 000 US Barrels on astandard parcel size), whereas in the summer this mayreduce to 0,25%, 1 500 Barrels. However, washing withSyrian Light has been known to cause accumulation ofparaffins and wax on cold tanker bulkheads.

Carriage at temperatures greater than 40 C willresult in light end loss thereby contributing to theoverall outturn loss.

(05/02)High vapour space H2S levels have been reported abovethis grade.

Further up-to-date reports can be found on the HM L-4website at www.oil-transport.info or via the EI websitewww.energyinst.co.uk.

33

ANNEX D

CRUDE OIL DATA

Explanations for the assay categories can be found inSection 5. The following codes should be referred to inconjunction with the data sheets that follow. For ease ofviewing it was decided to display the tabulated data inlandscape mode, thus qualities and remarks concerningeach crude are spread over two pages.

The committee has made every attempt to ensurethat the data are correct. However, differences may beexperienced from that described in this section since thequality of crude oil can change rapidly in a short time,especially if it is blended from a number of small fields.

Should the user of this publication become awareof any information that may be relevant under the scopeof this document, please forward the information to theInstitute on the form provided in Annex A.

D.1 COW CODES

D.1.1 Clean Ballast Tankers (CBT)

A1 Minimum MARPOL. Maximum possible safe trimfor stripping tanks and lines. Strip all cargo tanksat least twice, three times if time permits.

Note: Minimum MARPOL: is that defined in Section6.1 of the Revised specifications for the design,operation and control of crude oil washing systemsfound in IMO publication Crude oil washing systems,fourth edition 2000.

A2 Minimum MARPOL: plus a bottom wash ofremaining cargo tanks.

A3 Full cycle wash of all cargo tanks.

A4 Minimum MARPOL: plus a full wash of remainingwing tanks and a bottom wash of remaining centretanks.

A5 No COW, except with a suitable crude oil or cutterstock such as heated gas oil. Otherwise treat asheavy fuel oil with maximum possible safe trimfor stripping.

A6 Cargoes are small, normally carried in heavy fueloil tankers, and treated in the same way as heavyfuel oil.

A7 Minimum MARPOL: plus a bottom wash ofremaining cargo tanks, using the contents of theslop tanks. Oil in the slop tanks should be heated toat least 10 C above the average cargo temperature.

A8 Full cycle wash of all cargo tanks, using thecontents of the slop tanks for COW. The COWmedium should be heated to at least 10 C abovethe average cargo temperature.

D.1.2 Segregated ballast tankers (SBT) (HeavyWeather ballast tanks are subject toMARPOL COW requirements, see D.1.1)

B1 No COW. Maximum possible safe trim forstripping tanks and lines. Strip all tanks at leasttwice, three times if time permits.


34

B2 Bottom wash only required.

B3 Full cycle wash of all cargo tanks.

B4 Full cycle wash for cargo wing tanks and a bottomwash for cargo centre tanks.

B5 No COW, except with a suitable crude oil or cutterstock such as heated gas oil. Otherwise treat asheavy fuel oil with maximum possible safe trim forstripping.

B6 Cargoes are small, normally carried in heavy fuel

oil tankers, and treated in the same way as heavyfuel oil.

B7 Bottom wash all cargo tanks, using the contents ofthe slop tanks. Oil in the slop tanks should beheated to at least 10 C above the average cargotemperature.

B8 Full cycle wash of all cargo tanks, using thecontents of the slop tanks for COW. The COWmedium should be heated to at least 10 C abovethe average cargo temperature.

35

ANNEX D.2

CRUDE OIL DATA SHEETS

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

36

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)A

bu A

l Bu

Kho

osh

Feb-

0233

,64,

70-

1,15

5,50

-37

-12

1432

209,

9540

5,72

--

Abu

Saf

ahA

pr-9

828

,90

3,10

-6,

50-

-29

-18

--

2024

,31

4011

,88

13,0

-A

CG

Ble

ndJu

l-98

34,6

0-

-0,

856,

51-3

-24

2920

15,6

240

6,74

--

Airl

ie B

lend

May

-96

43,7

01,

80-

0,95

4,17

-18

-15

27

202,

4830

2,05

--

Aks

ai C

onde

nsat

eN

ov-0

044

,3-

-1,

085,

0-9

-21

-20

2,72

--

280

X-

Akt

ubin

skJa

n-01

41,8

--

2,13

6,0

-48

-18

-20

4,4

--

12-

Al R

ayya

nSe

p-97

24,5

0-

-0,

758,

00-1

8-

2324

2063

,90

4028

,30

1500

X-

Al S

hahe

enD

ec-9

629

,00

--

0,85

6,00

-18

-16

1820

21,4

530

14,7

19

X-

Ala

skan

Nor

th S

lope

Jun-

0231

,90

4,30

-2,

504,

36-1

8-

1415

2011

,04

406,

42<2

-A

lba

Jan-

0219

,70

0,10

-0,

102,

03-4

2-

-11

230

195,

0050

65,7

0-

X-

Ale

xand

ria L

SAR

Jun-

0121

,90

--

0,00

23,8

339

-44

4660

41,1

5-

--

-A

lger

ian

Con

dens

ate

Dec

-92

64,8

07,

689,

503,

990,

16<-

60-4

6-4

0-2

820

0,81

300,

73-

-A

mal

Aug

-94

36,5

0-

-0,

88-

--

--

3018

,00

409,

45-

-A

mna

Jun-

9936

,80

0,40

3,98

0,85

14,4

121

-32

3440

8,54

605,

180,

6X

0,13

Ana

co W

axD

ec-9

340

,75

5,80

-1,

809,

433

1530

3240

1,81

601,

36-

0,75

Ana

suria

Sep-

0039

,70

6,60

-2,

306,

76-3

0-

1721

204,

7440

3,08

<1-

Ang

us 1

0D

ec-9

241

,00

--

--

--

--

204,

5440

3,03

--

Ano

aSe

p-91

45,4

01,

603,

600,

7014

,64

1015

3136

302,

5150

1,73

--

Ant

anJu

n-01

26,5

02,

903,

400,

552,

45-3

9-

111

2025

,65

4011

,84

<1-

Aqu

ilaSe

p-93

34,4

8-

-3,

16-

< -3

3-

--

--

--

--

Ara

bian

Ext

ra L

ight

Feb-

0338

,80

3,70

4,90

1,45

5,00

-33

-12

419

204,

8140

3,36

<2X

0,12

Ara

bian

Hea

vyA

pr-9

828

,42

3,60

6,90

5,13

3,53

-51

-23

1246

2043

,33

3026

,96

0 - 1

5X

0,07

Ara

bian

Lig

htA

pr-9

833

,36

4,20

4,60

5,67

4,10

-54

-21

-526

2010

,19

406,

021

- 21

X0,

11A

rabi

an M

ediu

mFe

b-02

28,9

03,

005,

600,

956,

89-2

4-

1422

2021

,10

4010

,89

0,7

- 18

X0,

08

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

37

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SA

bu A

l Bu

Kho

osh

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2A

bu S

afah

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

AC

G B

lend

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1A

irlie

Ble

ndN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Aks

ai C

onde

nsat

e-

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2/

B1

Akt

ubin

sk-

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Al R

ayya

nN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A3/

A2

B3/

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. V

ery

high

H2S

/Mer

capt

ans.

Al S

hahe

enN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Ala

skan

Nor

th S

lope

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1A

lba

-35

35A

1B

1H

eatin

g to

redu

ce v

isco

sity

.A

lexa

ndria

LSA

R-

5050

--

Uns

uita

ble

med

ium

for C

OW

.A

lger

ian

Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-W

ashi

ng is

unn

eces

sary

. M

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Am

al-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.A

mna

3030

40A

7B

7A

naco

Wax

-30

30A

3B

3A

nasu

riaN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s.A

ngus

10

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Ano

a-

3535

A8

B8

Car

go te

mpe

ratu

re m

ay b

e re

duce

d to

30

C in

the

sum

mer

. Slo

p ta

nks t

o be

at l

east

40C

in a

ll ca

ses.

Ant

an-

--

A2/

A1

B1

Aqu

ilaN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.A

rabi

an E

xtra

Lig

htN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B1

Ara

bian

Hea

vyN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A3/

A2

B3/

B2

Ara

bian

Lig

htN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s.A

rabi

an M

ediu

mN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

38

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)A

rabi

an S

uper

Lig

htA

pr-9

850

,75

6,00

9,80

12,3

5-

-39

-29

9-

201,

8350

1,32

2,0

-A

rdes

hir

Apr

-79

26,2

0-

-0,

903,

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with

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ay re

sult

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igh

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pre

ssur

es.

Arz

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No

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No

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eat

No

Hea

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eat

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This

cru

de o

il m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

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ition

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No

Hea

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eat

--

Ash

tart

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be

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to 2

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in th

e su

mm

er. S

lop

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s to

be a

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C in

all

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No

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No

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is c

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n in

col

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ons.

Bot

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was

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be

requ

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ka B

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No

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No

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Ligh

t-

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ired.

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haqu

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(BC

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--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

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No

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o H

eat

No

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3/A

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is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

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s may

requ

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ashi

ng u

sing

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crud

e fr

om th

e sl

op ta

nks.

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in-

3030

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Bal

der

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--

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e in

form

atio

n re

quire

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No

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o H

eat

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t-

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This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

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own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. M

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umte

mpe

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re o

f 20

C in

win

ter c

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tions

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ts S

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eat

No

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eat

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ra L

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No

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1

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NEX

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ay M

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Aug

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Apr

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May

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May

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Dec

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Bre

nt B

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Oct

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2010

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CA

RR

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ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

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ay M

arch

and

No

Hea

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o H

eat

No

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1B

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ce-

4545

A4

B4

Bel

ayim

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nd-

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Car

go te

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re m

ay b

e re

duce

d to

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C in

the

sum

mer

. Slo

p ta

nks t

o be

at l

east

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in a

ll ca

ses.

Bel

ayim

Lan

d16

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.B

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im M

arin

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3030

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

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elid

a-

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A7

B8/

B7

Car

go te

mpe

ratu

re m

ay b

e re

duce

d to

25

C in

the

sum

mer

. Slo

p ta

nks t

o be

at l

east

30C

in a

ll ca

ses.

Ben

cham

as50

5050

A5

B5

Ver

y hi

gh w

ax c

onte

nt.

Ben

even

to-S

an M

arco

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Ber

ylN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Bim

a-

5050

A4

B2

Bin

tulu

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2B

intu

lu C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

e-

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.B

lenh

eim

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1B

oliv

ar C

oast

24

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1B

oliv

ian

Ble

ndN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Bon

ny L

ight

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1B

onny

Med

ium

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1B

onta

ngN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Bou

riN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A3

B3

Mai

ntai

n lo

ad te

mpe

ratu

re o

r hea

t to

25C

in w

inte

r.B

ow R

iver

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1B

rass

Riv

erN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A4/

A2

B2

Bre

gaN

o H

eat

No

Hea

t25

A4/

A1

B2/

B1

Bre

nt B

lend

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

0C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.B

ritan

nia

Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

42

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

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al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

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(Typ

ical

)B

ront

e G

asol

ina

Jul-9

371

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--

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nei C

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nei L

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Oct

-00

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Feb-

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1,37

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ga K

ekw

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203,

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achi

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Jun-

0032

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2731

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509,

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Cam

arSe

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36,0

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1530

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eco

Aug

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24,9

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9,67

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322

3430

220,

0050

79,9

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ande

la G

asol

ina

Apr

-93

65,9

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97-

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--

200,

67-

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ano

Lim

onM

ar-9

329

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622

2440

13,9

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--

Cap

tain

Apr

-97

19,3

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000,

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7-

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535,

0040

133,

50-

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aras

sai G

asol

ina

Feb-

9326

,34

--

0,00

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-36

--

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5,43

--

--

Car

ipito

Oct

-94

21,6

04,

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122

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132,

4850

33,3

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opol

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2017

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tilla

Jan-

0012

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6,67

-9-

1872

4016

19,0

060

380,

00-

-C

avon

eM

ar-9

224

,10

--

0,74

-18

-

--

2036

4,00

--

--

Cei

baO

ct-0

231

,20

--

1,50

4,99

-18

-14

1630

13,8

750

7,77

<2-

Cer

ro N

egro

Apr

-97

7,60

--

0,00

0,44

30-

-24

7460

6000

,00

8011

35,0

0-

-

Cer

ro N

egro

SC

OJu

n-03

16,0

00,

90-

0,29

--3

2-

--

2042

4,50

4012

1,46

77,0

X-

Cha

llis

Jun-

9839

,90

4,20

-1,

254,

90-1

5-

611

203,

0440

2,10

--

Cha

mpi

onO

ct-0

228

,80

2,00

2,50

0,35

0,10

+<-

60-3

06

-25

6,28

603,

99-

X-

Cha

rent

on B

arge

May

-02

42,4

0-

-1,

204,

86-1

8-

48

202,

8440

1,97

--

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

43

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SB

ront

e G

asol

ina

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Bru

nei C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

e-

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.B

rune

i Lig

ht-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.B

u A

ttife

l55

5555

A2

B2

Buf

falo

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

oil

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Bun

ga K

ekw

a-

5555

A7

B7

Trea

t as H

eavy

Fue

l Oil,

Was

hing

may

be

poss

ible

at h

igh

tem

pera

ture

. M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Bun

juN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

Prev

ious

ly B

unyu

.B

uzac

hins

kaya

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2C

abin

da30

3030

A7/

A2

B7/

B2

Goo

d re

sults

hav

e be

en o

btai

ned

usin

g cr

ude

at 4

0C

from

slop

tank

s.C

amar

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2C

anad

on S

eco

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

4/A

2B

4/B

2C

ande

la G

asol

ina

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Can

o Li

mon

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2C

apta

in-

5050

Non

eB

1Tr

eat a

s Hea

vy F

uel O

il.C

aras

sai G

asol

ina

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Car

ipito

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Car

mop

olis

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Cas

tilla

6060

60A

5B

5C

avon

e-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.C

eiba

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1C

erro

Neg

ro-

--

A5

B5

Due

to h

igh

visc

osity

at h

igh

tem

pera

ture

this

cru

de m

ay re

quire

to b

e ca

rrie

d on

asp

ecia

list v

esse

l. M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Cer

ro N

egro

SC

O-

--

A1

B1

Cha

llis

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2C

ham

pion

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1C

hare

nton

Bar

geN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

44

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)C

hele

ken

Feb-

0234

,50

--

0,30

10,4

19

-28

3240

6,85

604,

291,

6-

Cin

taJu

n-92

30,9

5-

-0,

2526

,80

3241

47-

2029

0,89

4050

,70

--

Cla

ir 1

Feb-

9321

,70

--

--

-18

--

-20

150,

0540

56,3

0-

-C

oban

Feb-

0216

,50

--

0,75

7,10

-18

-20

4430

279,

0050

94,7

079

0X

-C

old

Lake

Van

couv

erJu

n-03

21,2

06,

70-

0,59

0,78

-54

-18

-5-

2017

7,48

4061

,62

--

Con

go C

ompo

site

(CoC

o)Ju

n-00

31,6

0-

-0,

759,

8927

-38

-30

22,3

040

15,8

00,

0-

Coo

per B

asin

Feb-

9048

,85

5,30

-1,

2015

,01

69

2129

202,

7140

1,89

--

Cos

sack

Jan-

0047

,70

--

2,80

5,85

-12

-16

-20

1,91

401,

42<1

-C

PC B

lend

47,0

0-

--

--4

1-

--

--

--

--

Cup

iagu

aA

pr-9

943

,10

--

2,45

13,7

415

-32

3330

2,43

501,

671,

10-

Cur

lew

May

-01

49,3

09,

30-

3,40

5,97

-27

-15

1920

1,56

401,

161,

00-

Cus

iana

Nov

-00

42,2

0-

-2,

759,

556

-24

2630

2,39

501,

701

-

Dai

Hun

gJa

n-01

29,5

02,

40-

0,50

14,0

024

3233

4440

12,2

860

7,09

--

Daq

ing

Aug

-94

32,1

0-

-0,

3016

,13

2436

3944

5023

,60

8011

,00

1,0

-D

ariu

sM

ay-9

534

,00

5,70

-1,

947,

24-1

8-

13-

386,

02-

--

-D

aunt

less

Aug

-97

32,6

0-

-1,

506,

35-9

-13

2320

16,3

040

8,00

--

Dia

na H

oove

rSe

p-01

30,9

0-

-1,

551,

26-6

0-

-13

-220

17,7

240

9,65

--

Did

onFe

b-02

35,4

0-

-1,

6010

,11

-93

2228

305,

8450

3,60

0,6

-D

jeno

Mar

-93

27,7

010

,80

-1,

598,

303

1225

4220

81,8

130

49,5

0-

0,30

Dob

a B

lend

(Ear

ly P

rod)

Jun-

0324

,98

1,40

-0,

12-

-1-

--

2053

6,70

4011

0,77

--

Dob

a B

lend

(Lat

er P

rod)

Jun-

0320

,79

1,20

-0,

06-

-4-

--

2016

38,2

040

327,

67-

-

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

45

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SC

hele

ken

-30

30A

8/A

7B

4/B

2C

inta

-50

55A

5B

5C

lair

1-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.C

oban

--

-A

4B

2C

old

Lake

Van

couv

erN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A3/

A2

B3/

B2

May

requ

ire h

eatin

g to

redu

ce v

isco

sity

. M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Con

go C

ompo

site

(CoC

o)-

4040

A4

B4

Coo

per B

asin

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

0C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.C

ossa

ckN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

CPC

Ble

ndN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.C

upia

gua

3030

30A

8/A

7B

8/B

7G

as m

ay b

e ev

olve

d du

ring

trans

porta

tion

and

CO

W d

ue to

the

need

to h

eat.

Was

hw

ith c

rude

from

slop

tank

hea

ted

to 1

0C

abo

ve a

vera

ge c

argo

tem

pera

ture

.C

urle

wN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

CO

W sh

ould

be

min

imis

ed to

redu

ce g

as e

volu

tion

but b

e aw

are

that

und

er c

old

cond

ition

s the

re m

ay b

e so

me

wax

layd

own.

Cus

iana

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

8B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.D

ai H

ung

-45

45A

8B

7D

aqin

g-

5555

A4

B4

Dar

ius

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1D

aunt

less

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1D

iana

Hoo

ver

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1D

idon

-25

25A

8 B

8/B

7D

jeno

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

4B

4Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 3

0C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.D

oba

Ble

nd (E

arly

Pro

d)-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.D

oba

Ble

nd (L

ater

Pro

d)-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

46

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)D

onan

Feb-

9239

,00

--

2,10

6,11

-6-

2225

205,

0340

3,07

--

Dor

tyol

Aug

-98

32,7

--

0,23

5,5

-15

-15

-20

13,7

--

1,3

X-

Dra

ugen

Nov

-02

39,9

04,

19-

2,90

3,70

-18

-13

1720

3,90

502,

14-

-D

ubai

Exp

ort

Jul-0

130

,40

1,00

6,00

1,40

6,03

-43

-912

1820

13,6

540

7,54

1 - 9

X0,

23D

uc (D

anis

h)O

ct-9

433

,90

8,80

-1,

373,

60-4

5-1

8-

-20

8,36

405,

14-

-D

ulan

gA

ug-0

237

,60

--

0,10

30,1

333

-38

4350

3,81

603,

12<2

-D

uri

Jun-

9420

,92

0,30

-0,

0025

,00

335

2734

4029

2,00

6098

,80

--

Dur

war

dA

ug-9

736

,00

--

1,75

6,29

-15

-22

-20

8,86

404,

63-

-D

utch

Off

shor

eO

ct-9

229

,50

2,80

--

--1

8-

--

2072

,25

4017

,88

--

E4 (B

altic

)Ju

l-02

19,4

0-

-0,

008,

67-6

-25

3240

139,

0060

49,7

5-

-E4

Hea

vyJu

l-98

18,0

0-

-0,

006,

1615

-25

2940

183,

5060

61,5

0-

-E4

Lig

htJu

l-98

19,8

0-

-0,

008,

276

-27

3240

132,

5060

41,0

0-

-Ea

Ble

ndJu

l-03

34,7

--

0,94

3,50

09

21-

204,

5140

2,85

<10,

13Ea

st T

exas

Jun-

9540

,00

--

3,45

-6

-33

-20

5,18

403,

33-

-Ea

st Z

eit

Nov

-92

39,3

08,

4010

,80

2,60

7,79

-33

2729

206,

1240

3,00

--

Ebom

eSe

p-00

32,1

0-

-0,

353,

90-6

3-

1319

205,

3540

3,25

<1-

Egiz

iano

Tem

sah 4

(Con

dens

ate)

May

-94

45,4

2-

-1,

53-

12

--

-20

2,15

--

--

Ekof

isk

Jun-

0037

,90

2,20

6,50

1,60

7,00

-93

1824

208,

1650

3,62

1 - 2

0,35

El H

ajeb

Aug

-91

31,2

0-

--

--1

8-

--

2018

,50

408,

15-

-El

Sha

rara

Apr

-98

43,2

0-

-1,

452,

36-6

0-

-17

-220

3,02

402,

07-

-El

ang

Jun-

0156

,90

--

4,85

6,00

-63

-8

1420

1,12

400,

89<1

-Em

eral

dA

ug-9

323

,10

1,20

--

--1

8-

--

2076

,73

4032

,40

--

Emili

o 7

Oct

-90

8,60

--

0,36

-3

--

--

--

--

-Eo

cene

Jan-

0019

,00

--

0,40

3,77

-45

-6

1420

336,

0040

102,

001,

00X

-Es

Sid

erD

ec-9

336

,60

5,60

6,12

1,70

6,61

09

2629

2010

,50

406,

014

- 82

X0,

06

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

47

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SD

onan

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

0C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.D

orty

olN

o H

eat

No

Hea

t-

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Dra

ugen

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1D

ubai

Exp

ort

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1D

uc (D

anis

h)N

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.D

ulan

g-

5050

A5

B5

Dur

i-

4045

A5

B5

Dur

war

dN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Dut

ch O

ffsh

ore

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

E4 (B

altic

)-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.E4

Hea

vy-

4040

A5

B5

E4 L

ight

-40

40A

5B

5Ea

Ble

nd25

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

East

Tex

as-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Ea

st Z

eit

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Ebom

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Egiz

iano

Tem

sah 4

(Con

dens

ate)

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Ekof

isk

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1El

Haj

eb-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.El

Sha

rara

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1El

ang

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1Em

eral

d-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Em

ilio

7-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Eo

cene

4040

40A

1B

1H

eatin

g is

requ

ired

to re

duce

vis

cosi

ty.

Es S

ider

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

48

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)Es

cala

nte

Apr

-01

23,4

02,

00-

0,20

10,9

2-6

721

2440

270,

0060

101,

001

X-

Escr

avos

Dec

-95

34,5

01,

604,

301,

058,

50-1

27

2328

304,

5650

3,08

0,1

-Es

poir

Sep-

0232

,70

--

0,90

4,94

-3-

1622

2011

,81

406,

09<2

-Et

ame

Mar

inA

pr-0

335

,1-

-0,

8524

,027

-48

-40

20,3

--

<2-

Ezza

ouia

May

-01

39,5

02,

60-

0,70

25,2

730

-38

4150

4,55

603,

72-

X0,

04F3

Con

dens

ate

Feb-

9864

,60

--

7,00

0,33

<-63

--

-20

0,82

400,

68-

-Fi

feM

ay-0

237

,00

--

1,80

6,87

-21

020

2120

7,36

404,

33<1

-

Flot

ta M

ixA

pr-9

936

,90

9,70

9,80

2,75

6,75

-46

-321

2720

7,07

403,

261

- 7X

-Fo

inav

enJu

n-00

26,1

00,

90-

0,00

7,46

-18

921

-20

64,4

040

22,7

01

X-

Forc

ados

Ble

ndJu

l-97

29,7

01,

705,

900,

655,

84-3

6-4

1517

2010

,82

405,

621

X0,

14Fo

rooz

anD

ec-9

531

,40

--

1,25

4,82

-42

-10

1620

15,0

040

8,17

-X

-Fo

rth C

entra

lA

pr-9

219

,00

--

--

-18

--

-20

427,

5440

105,

20-

-Fo

rties

Ble

ndFe

b-03

44,4

05,

806,

802,

806,

73-1

85

1925

203,

0840

2,09

<2X

0,53

Fost

erto

nM

ay-9

723

,80

--

0,80

1,23

-51

-2

2720

110,

5040

42,5

0-

-Fu

lmar

Nov

-93

40,4

07,

408,

703,

105,

85-1

83

23-

204,

4740

2,81

2,0

-

Furia

lJu

l-94

28,7

54,

30-

0,96

--1

8-

--

2018

,70

3012

,90

<1,0

0,19

Gag

gian

oM

ar-9

236

,40

--

1,42

--1

8 -

--

2010

,22

--

--

Gag

liano

Jun-

9366

,76

--

2,74

-<

-36

--

-20

0,63

--

--

Gal

eota

Mix

Nov

-99

36,6

0-

-0,

806,

720

-18

2420

4,81

402,

742

-G

eisu

mSe

p-92

18,6

53,

40-

0,28

6,15

321

2945

3076

7,00

4033

7,00

--

Gel

aJu

n-93

14,5

6-

-0,

21-

-9

--

--

--

--

-G

erag

aiN

ov-0

148

,20

--

2,45

7,58

-42

-20

-20

1,82

401,

26<2

-

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

49

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SEs

cala

nte

-50

50A

7B

2Es

crav

osN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A3/

A2

B3/

B2

Espo

irN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Etam

e M

arin

50

50

45

45

-A

4B

2Ez

zaou

ia40

5757

A6

B6

See

com

men

ts 'A

nnex

C'.

F3 C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

eN

one

Wax

con

tent

ver

y lo

w.

CO

W w

ith th

is cr

ude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.Fi

feN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

20

Can

d bo

ttom

was

hing

may

be

requ

ired.

Flot

ta M

ixN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

See

com

men

ts 'A

nnex

C'.

Foin

aven

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

20A

4/A

2B

2Fo

rcad

os B

lend

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1Fo

rooz

anN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Forth

Cen

tral

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Forti

es B

lend

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Fo

ster

ton

-30

50A

2B

2Fu

lmar

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

0C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.Fu

rial

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Gag

gian

o-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.G

aglia

no-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.G

aleo

ta M

ixN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

Hea

ting

may

be

requ

ired

with

col

d am

bien

t con

ditio

ns to

pre

vent

wax

layd

own.

Gei

sum

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 3

0C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.G

ela

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Ger

agai

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1H

eatin

g m

ay b

e re

quire

d w

ith c

old

ambi

ent c

ondi

tions

to p

reve

nt w

ax la

ydow

n. A

full

botto

m w

ash

may

be

requ

ired

but b

e aw

are

of v

apou

r los

s and

hig

h ta

nkpr

essu

res.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

50

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)G

erm

an L

ocal

Jul-0

226

,70

--

0,50

16,0

59

-20

2760

38,5

510

013

,19

--

Gia

uron

eA

pr-9

112

,90

--

0,30

--1

2 -

--

200,

00-

--

-G

ipps

land

Ble

ndJu

n-03

48,7

03,

40-

1,44

16,7

2-1

2-

2734

201,

7040

1,34

1,0

0,15

Gira

ssol

Jan-

0231

,10

2,70

-1,

095,

81-2

4-

1819

2019

,94

409,

77<2

-G

litne

Sep-

0132

,20

--

1,10

7,15

3-

2325

3012

,83

507,

42<1

-G

ombe

Mar

inM

ar-9

223

,00

4,90

--

--1

8-

--

2031

5,86

4095

,60

--

Gor

m B

lend

Dec

-97

35,5

0-

-2,

402,

31-4

2-3

70

1520

6,49

403,

98<0

,2-

Gra

nd Is

leO

ct-9

733

,55

--

0,50

2,76

-21

-69

1920

12,7

340

6,66

--

Gra

neO

ct-0

319

,10

0,50

-0,

151,

10-3

0-

17-

2036

1,10

4096

,44

--

Grif

finM

ay-0

154

,00

--

2,70

2,58

-30

--5

-220

1,30

401,

01<1

-G

rotta

mm

are

Gas

olin

aFe

b-93

56,9

2-

-2,

61-

< -3

6-

--

200,

93-

--

-G

ryph

onA

pr-0

323

,00

0,00

-0,

001,

00-5

4-3

9-3

2-8

2018

2,83

4053

,40

<2-

Gul

f of S

uez

Apr

-00

29,9

02,

705,

501,

1510

,03

-910

28-

3014

,65

508,

23<1

X0,

29

Gul

lfaks

'A'

Jul-0

136

,80

--

2,00

5,08

-21

-16

1820

6,97

404,

16<1

-G

ullfa

ks 'C

'D

ec-0

136

,50

4,40

7,10

1,75

5,76

-15

-17

2130

5,03

503,

34-

-H

andi

lA

ug-0

243

,00

4,00

6,20

1,10

4,50

-27

3019

-20

1,86

--

0,0

-H

anze

Mar

-03

39,2

0-

-3,

102,

00-4

2-

-63

303,

9950

2,87

<2-

Har

ding

Jul-0

220

,70

--

0,05

0,98

-45

--2

61

3012

4,00

5043

,20

<2-

Haw

tah

May

-92

50,2

06,

70-

--

-18

--

-20

1,87

401,

41-

-H

eidr

unA

ug-0

327

,00

2,13

-0,

42,

5-6

0-1

80

120

25,8

050

8,83

<2-

Hel

m B

lend

Jun-

9828

,85

--

0,35

6,61

-96

2530

2078

,90

4027

,05

--

Hib

erni

aSe

p-00

35,3

03,

606,

101,

158,

69-1

1325

2940

5,19

603,

411

-H

igh

Isla

ndJu

n-98

37,5

0-

-0,

953,

69-1

2-

810

206,

2940

3,56

--

Hud

son

Aug

-93

33,3

04,

208,

101,

655,

810

722

3030

7,99

504,

65-

-

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

51

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SG

erm

an L

ocal

2525

25A

4/A

2B

4/B

2Th

is c

rude

oil

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Gia

uron

e-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.G

ipps

land

Ble

nd-

2020

A7/

A2

B7/

B2

Gira

ssol

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

4/A

2B

4/B

2G

litne

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2H

eatin

g m

ay b

e re

quire

d w

ith c

old

ambi

ent c

ondi

tions

to p

reve

nt w

ax la

ydow

n.G

ombe

Mar

in-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.G

orm

Ble

ndN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Gra

nd Is

leN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Gra

ne30

3030

A1

B1

Grif

finN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Gro

ttam

mar

e G

asol

ina

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Gry

phon

-25

25A

1B

1G

ulf o

f Sue

zN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A8

B3

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. L

oade

d te

mpe

ratu

resh

ould

be

mai

ntai

ned.

Gul

lfaks

'A'

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1G

ullfa

ks 'C

'N

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Han

dil

-N

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

2R

epor

ted

prop

ertie

s var

y co

nsid

erab

ly.

Han

zeN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Har

ding

-N

o H

eat

30A

1B

1Th

is c

rude

requ

ires h

eatin

g fo

r vis

cosi

ty re

duct

ion.

Haw

tah

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Hei

drun

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1H

elm

Ble

nd-

3030

A2

B2

Hib

erni

a25

2525

A4/

A3

B3/

B2

This

cru

de o

il m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s.H

igh

Isla

ndN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

Hud

son

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

8B

3/B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

52

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)H

ydra

Apr

-91

38,6

5-

-1,

378,

573

924

2620

7,41

404,

35-

-

Hz

26M

ar-9

137

,40

--

0,09

-33

-

--

--

--

--

Ima

Feb-

0145

,20

--

2,45

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This

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s. H

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30

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No

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is c

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may

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atio

n re

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This

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t to

wax

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in c

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cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

20

Can

d bo

ttom

was

hing

may

be

requ

ired.

Kar

acha

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apa

No

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No

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No

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No

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is c

rude

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ffec

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by a

mbi

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Hea

ting

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inte

r mon

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ill b

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eded

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r mai

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). B

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This

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s. H

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wax

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s. H

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25

Can

d bo

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requ

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How

ever

, be

awar

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the

rela

tivel

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ghga

s con

tent

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uwai

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ort

No

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o H

eat

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Hea

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2/A

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2/B

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yle

No

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tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

oil

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

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ons.

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an-

3030

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Lago

med

ioN

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eat

No

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eat

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Lago

treco

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

0C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.La

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co M

edia

no-

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4545

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B4

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inar

iaN

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eat

A1

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Lava

n B

lend

No

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eat

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4040

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g re

quire

d to

redu

ce v

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sity

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gend

re25

2525

A2

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aN

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eat

No

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eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

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own

in c

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cond

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s. H

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20

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ay b

e re

quire

d.Li

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Sw

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No

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o H

eat

No

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tA

1B

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koua

la-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Li

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Jun-

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This

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s. H

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e re

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e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Lo

ango

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Loke

leN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Lore

to-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Lu

feng

5555

55A

5B

5M

100

At R

es-

--

--

Mac

har

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Mak

atN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Mal

ampa

ya-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.M

alam

paya

Con

dens

ate

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Mal

ongo

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Mal

ossa

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Man

dji

2525

25A

8/A

7B

8/B

7Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Man

te A

lpi

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Mar

alag

o-

4057

A7

B7

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.M

argh

am C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

e-

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.M

arib

Lig

htN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Mar

lim30

3030

A1

B1

Mar

sN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Mas

aN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

58

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)M

asila

Dec

-02

31,4

01,

9012

,00

0,50

6,88

-99

2124

3011

,63

506,

39<2

X-

Mau

i Con

dens

ate

Sep-

9952

,50

--

2,40

1,76

<-60

-42

-50

-24

201,

0440

0,82

--

May

aFe

b-01

21,1

06,

206,

700,

554,

03-2

1-

1740

3016

1,50

5054

,80

108,

0X

1,70

McK

eeM

ar-0

144

,20

--

0,45

19,3

518

-25

3420

4,37

402,

74<1

-M

edan

itos

Jan-

9532

,95

3,20

4,50

0,82

--3

79

-20

24,9

040

9,95

--

Men

emot

aSe

p-93

18,8

5-

-0,

45-

-32

-24

22-

2025

8,29

5059

,93

--

Mer

eyN

ov-9

416

,60

0,20

1,70

0,15

1,71

-23

-18

139

2020

91,9

430

881,

0426

,0-

Mes

a 28

Dec

-90

27,3

0-

-0,

654,

82-2

4-

1620

2029

,55

4013

,14

--

Mes

a 30

Nov

-94

30,0

05,

605,

800,

785,

53-4

60

1523

2011

,90

505,

50-

-

Min

asJa

n-99

35,2

52,

302,

600,

3021

,41

-138

4245

4022

,55

608,

13-

-M

iri L

ight

Dec

-96

32,4

03,

30-

0,85

4,50

-96

1024

205,

0130

3,89

--

Mis

kar C

onde

nsat

eJu

l-01

54,2

0-

-3,

352,

16-2

1-

-58

-24

201,

0240

0,83

<1X

-

Mis

siss

ippi

Sou

rM

ay-0

239

,00

--

1,70

3,83

-63

-8

-20

4,66

403,

14-

-M

ittel

p D

ieks

and

Nov

-01

23,7

0-

--

--3

--

--

--

--

-M

ittel

p In

sel

Nov

-01

21,6

0-

--

--2

4-

--

--

--

--

Mou

diM

ay-0

136

,50

2,90

4,70

1,70

1,56

-63

--1

01

205,

1840

3,33

<1-

Mub

arek

Oct

-91

43,0

03,

20-

2,10

5,70

-24

-12

15-

201,

9130

1,63

--

Mud

iA

ug-9

838

,00

--

0,30

29,6

627

-40

4340

6,49

603,

67<0

,5-

Mur

ban

Jul-9

539

,90

1,60

4,40

1,43

6,17

-34

-12

1623

205,

4740

3,16

1 - 2

0X

0,21

Nan

hai

Jun-

9638

,80

--

0,70

25,5

024

3334

4240

6,36

604,

06-

-N

emba

Jun-

0038

,50

3,00

-2,

258,

004

923

2720

5,57

403,

33-

-

Neu

quen

Rio

Neg

roJa

n-92

35,3

0-

-1,

055,

69-3

-19

2020

11,1

540

6,07

--

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

59

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SM

asila

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Mau

i Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

May

a30

3030

A8/

A7

B5

Was

hing

with

May

a is

pos

sibl

e. S

lop

tank

may

requ

ire h

eatin

g. S

ee c

omm

ents

'Ann

ex C

', H

igh

H2S

.M

cKee

-45

45A

8B

8/B

7M

edan

itos

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1M

enem

ota

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Mer

ey-

5757

A1

B1

Mes

a 28

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Mes

a 30

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Min

as38

5050

A5

B5

Was

hing

with

Min

as is

pos

sibl

e. S

lop

tank

will

requ

ire h

eatin

g.M

iri L

ight

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1M

iska

r Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

t-

-W

ashi

ng w

ith th

is g

rade

may

cau

se u

nacc

epta

bly

high

tank

pre

ssur

es. S

eeco

mm

ents

'Ann

ex A

'.M

issi

ssip

pi S

our

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

1M

ittel

p D

ieks

and

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Mitt

elp

Inse

l-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.M

oudi

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1M

ubar

ekN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

Mud

i-

4545

A5

B5

Mur

ban

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1N

anha

i-

4545

A7

B7

Nem

baN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

30

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d. U

sed

as w

ash

med

ium

if lo

aded

with

Cab

inda

.N

euqu

en R

io N

egro

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

60

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)N

ile B

lend

May

-99

34,9

0-

-0,

0520

,26

36-

4249

4021

,35

6012

,51

--

Njo

rdM

ay-0

243

,70

6,40

-2,

356,

26-3

2-1

819

2020

3,36

402,

32<2

-N

'Kos

saSe

p-98

48,3

07,

05-

2,75

7,00

-12

1218

2120

2,76

401,

741

-N

orne

Dec

-01

32,7

0-

-0,

5011

,29

1821

3032

205,

9250

4,59

<1-

NW

She

lf C

onde

nsat

eM

ar-9

760

,30

6,10

-4,

950,

30-6

0-3

6-4

9-1

520

0,82

300,

73-

-O

dudu

Aug

-00

31,8

04,

00-

1,05

5,79

-33

1825

207,

5140

4,26

<1X

-O

guen

djo

Nov

-01

32,0

05,

007,

801,

559,

0212

-26

2830

14,8

150

7,98

<10,

30O

kono

Sep-

0341

,1-

-1,

249,

618

--

-20

2,7

401,

82-

0,13

Olm

eca

May

-94

39,1

52,

40-

1,68

5,72

-51

-32

815

204,

5050

2,50

2,0

-O

man

Exp

ort

Mar

-94

32,8

73,

704,

200,

843,

82-4

2-2

3-3

920

19,7

750

7,63

1 - 7

X-

Om

brin

aA

pr-9

021

,50

--

0,95

-<

-33

--

-20

89,3

4-

--

-O

nako

Jul-0

147

,23

--

2,55

7,40

-15

-20

2330

2,07

501,

56<1

-

Ona

ko M

ediu

mN

ov-9

838

,50

--

1,80

7,50

-24

-17

2020

5,76

403,

4130

X-

Orie

nte

Jan-

9328

,55

4,50

5,50

1,00

6,02

-12

-123

2720

34,7

040

15,0

5-

-

Ose

berg

Nov

-00

38,0

04,

845,

502,

154,

73-3

6-9

1520

304,

3650

2,94

<20,

32O

so C

onde

nsat

eJu

n-97

47,4

010

,90

11,3

05,

0710

,63

-918

2326

202,

0250

1,25

0,0

-

Ost

rica

Jun-

0034

,40

3,70

-1,

102,

60-3

9-2

13

420

8,47

404,

871,

0-

P15

(Dut

ch) C

onde

nsat

eFe

b-94

54,0

0-

-4,

351,

82-2

4-

-27

-20

1,07

400,

85-

-Pa

geru

ngan

Aug

-95

61,3

0-

-5,

650,

36<-

54-

<-60

-20

0,80

400,

65-

-Pa

lanc

aD

ec-9

637

,35

5,30

-1,

759,

00-1

59

2127

305,

2750

3,44

1 - 2

X0,

17

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

61

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SN

ile B

lend

5050

50A

7B

7Se

e co

mm

ents

'Ann

ex A

'.N

jord

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

oil

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

N'K

ossa

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Nor

ne-

3030

A4

B8/

B7

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

35

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.N

W S

helf

Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Odu

duN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A4/

A2

B2

Ogu

endj

oN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A4/

A2

B2

Oko

no30

3030

--

Olm

eca

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1O

man

Exp

ort

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1O

mbr

ina

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Ona

koN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

25

Can

d bo

ttom

was

hing

may

be

requ

ired.

Ona

ko M

ediu

mN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Orie

nte

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Ose

berg

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1/A

2B

1/B

2O

so C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

e-

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s so

botto

m w

ashi

ngm

ay b

e re

quire

d. H

owev

er, t

he g

as c

onte

nt is

ver

y hi

gh w

hich

may

lead

to v

apou

rlo

sses

and

hig

h ca

rgo

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Ost

rica

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1P1

5 (D

utch

) Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Page

rung

anN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

e-

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.Pa

lanc

a-

2525

A8

B7

May

be

was

hed

with

hea

ted

crud

e fr

om sl

op ta

nks (

10C

abo

ve c

arria

gete

mpe

ratu

re) o

r with

gas

oil

dilu

ent.

Suc

cess

of d

isch

arge

var

ies w

ith n

o ap

pare

ntpa

ttern

. Se

e co

mm

ents

'Ann

ex C

'.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

62

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)Pe

nnin

gton

Lig

htA

pr-9

735

,75

--

0,80

5,45

-47

1520

205,

2940

3,31

-1,

30

Phet

Nov

-92

38,9

0-

--

--1

8-

--

2016

,02

407,

70-

-Pi

erce

May

-00

38,1

0-

-1,

357,

29-6

-20

2420

6,86

404,

142,

00-

Pilo

nD

ec-9

413

,80

0,50

--

--3

--

--

--

--

-Pi

stic

ciM

ar-9

49,

42-

-0,

17-

9 -

--

--

--

--

Pose

idon

Dec

-99

31,3

0-

-1,

653,

04-3

0-

-24

2015

,80

408,

35-

-Pr

ezio

soFe

b-90

19,0

0-

-0,

09-

6 -

--

2015

64,0

0-

--

-Pr

inos

Ble

ndD

ec-9

727

,90

--

1,50

13,0

0-4

5-9

2833

3017

,20

--

--

Prin

os N

orth

Mar

-97

20,8

0-

-0,

558,

50-2

1-1

223

3930

29,5

540

19,0

3-

-Q

atar

Con

dens

ate

(Nor

th F

ield

)Ju

n-99

58,1

09,

80-

2,71

0,52

-54

--3

4-1

320

1,05

400,

83-

-Q

atar

Exp

ort (

Qat

ar L

and)

Dec

-92

41,0

58,

0010

,20

3,19

5,07

-49

-911

1320

3,56

502,

20>2

00X

-Q

atar

Mar

ine

Nov

-98

34,4

03,

006,

501,

156,

53-3

9-1

26

2020

11,6

540

6,50

>200

X-

Qin

Hua

ng D

aoN

ov-0

116

,60

--

0,00

5,70

-12

-4

2040

836,

0060

211,

70-

-Q

ua Ib

oeA

ug-0

336

,70

1,40

7,40

1,36

7,50

713

2127

208,

3040

3,62

1 - 8

0,18

Rab

i Ble

ndJu

n-00

34,1

02,

50-

0,07

-17

,8-

29-

--

--

--

Rab

i Lig

htJu

n-00

34,8

02,

50-

0,60

18,0

83

2941

-20

90,5

040

14,6

0-

-R

agus

ano

Aug

-93

19,5

6-

-0,

29-

-6

-34

-20

850,

40-

--

-R

ang

Don

gSe

p-98

39,9

0-

-1,

1526

,50

33-

3542

406,

6560

3,62

<1-

Ras

Bud

ran

Oct

-94

24,7

05,

406,

101,

105,

79-1

20

2531

2011

1,89

3062

,26

--

Ras

El B

ahar

Ble

ndO

ct-9

136

,30

--

1,71

--3

-

--

--

--

--

Ras

Gar

raA

pr-9

232

,10

--

1,05

-9

--

-20

81,0

5-

--

-R

as G

harib

Nov

-01

22,0

00,

504,

200,

4511

,11

110

2934

3010

2,00

5037

,05

<2-

Ras

Laf

fan

Oct

-99

55,7

0-

-3,

551,

17-3

0-

-89

-16

201,

0740

0,87

--

Ras

Gas

Con

dens

ate

Jun-

0055

,40

7,30

-3,

74-

-31

--

-20

1,16

400,

90-

-

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

63

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SPe

nnin

gton

Lig

htN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

25

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.Ph

et-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Pi

erce

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

oil

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Pilo

n-

5757

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Pi

stic

ci-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Po

seid

onN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Prez

ioso

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Prin

os B

lend

-30

30A

8B

3Pr

inos

Nor

th-

3535

A8

B3/

B2

Qat

ar C

onde

nsat

e (N

orth

Fie

ld)

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Qat

ar E

xpor

t (Q

atar

Lan

d)N

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Qat

ar M

arin

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Qin

Hua

ng D

ao60

6060

A5

B5

Hea

ting

requ

ired

to re

duce

vis

cosi

ty.

Qua

Iboe

-N

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

8/A

3B

3/B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Rab

i Ble

nd-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.R

abi L

ight

-45

45A

3B

3R

agus

ano

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Ran

g D

ong

-45

45A

8B

8R

as B

udra

nN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

30

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.R

as E

l Bah

ar B

lend

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Ras

Gar

ra-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.R

as G

harib

-30

30A

3B

3R

as L

affa

nN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

--

Was

hing

with

this

gra

de m

ay c

ause

una

ccep

tabl

y hi

gh ta

nk p

ress

ures

.R

asG

as C

onde

nsat

e-

--

--

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

64

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)R

ataw

iJa

n-00

24,0

04,

504,

601,

056,

75-2

1-

1319

2093

,10

4033

,45

1X

-R

hem

oura

Dec

-96

32,0

0-

-1,

056,

53-2

43

2527

3012

,26

409,

04-

-

Rijn

Aug

-90

34,8

0-

-0,

608,

703

-26

2930

9,25

505,

28-

-

Rim

al K

atib

Jul-9

137

,20

--

0,19

-43

-

--

--

--

--

Rin

con

de lo

s sau

cM

ay-9

435

,30

3,10

-0,

59-

-9-

18-

2010

,16

503,

91-

-R

omas

hkin

o (U

rals

Lig

ht)

Aug

-95

33,5

26,

00-

1,50

4,59

-12

113

3120

15,1

040

8,34

--

Ros

po d

i Mar

eM

ar-9

411

,94

0,70

-0,

41-

-1

1291

-20

1253

1,65

4015

05,0

0-

-R

oss

Oct

-99

38,8

0-

-1,

958,

483

-25

27-

--

-2,

0-

Rub

yM

ay-9

935

,70

10,0

0-

0,80

22,0

030

-36

3940

8,40

604,

570,

9-

Rus

sian

Con

dens

ate

Feb-

0144

,50

--

1,34

3,50

-45

-10

,00

-20

1,61

--

320

X-

Rus

sian

Exp

ort B

lend

Sabl

e Is

land

Con

dens

ate

Jun-

0051

,40

5,50

-1,

42-

-54

--

-20

0,89

400,

72-

-Sa

hara

n B

lend

Mar

-01

45,7

06,

4010

,50

3,10

2,78

-59

-18

19

302,

0950

1,61

<1X

0,28

Saja

a C

onde

nsat

eD

ec-9

257

,50

--

5,85

0,58

-45

--1

7-1

020

0,76

400,

67-

-Sa

ladi

nM

ay-9

348

,15

--

1,85

2,63

-39

-18

-51

201,

7130

1,47

--

Sam

gori

Dec

-97

37,6

0-

-0,

508,

509

-23

2820

5,64

304,

30-

-

San

Ben

edet

to G

asol

ina

Mar

-93

27,8

5-

-0,

00-

< -3

6-

--

204,

77-

--

-Sa

n Jo

aqui

n V

alle

yM

ay-8

815

,10

1,60

-0,

39-

-21

-62

-20

3701

,17

5023

6,60

--

San

Salv

o G

asol

ina

Feb-

8773

,30

--

7,86

-0

--

-20

0,53

--

--

San

Seba

stia

nM

ar-0

069

,10

--

4,75

0,00

-60

--7

2-6

020

0,67

400,

55<1

-Sa

nta

Bar

bara

Jan-

9733

,70

--

0,95

5,12

-21

-20

2430

5,62

503,

60-

-Sa

rago

Mar

-90

11,4

0-

-0,

21-

-15

--

--

--

--

-Sa

rago

1M

ar-9

18,

20-

-0,

30-

0 9

--

--

--

--

Sara

tov

Oct

-03

41,6

--

2,16

11,0

-3-

25-

204,

92-

-<5

-

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

65

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SR

ataw

iN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A4/

A2

B2

Prev

ious

ly W

afra

Rat

awi.

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.R

hem

oura

3030

30A

3/A

2B

3/B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

0C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.R

ijnN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A3/

A2

B3/

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

30

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.R

imal

Kat

ib-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.R

inco

n de

los s

auc

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

3B

3R

omas

hkin

o (U

rals

Lig

ht)

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1R

ospo

di M

are

-57

57A

5B

5R

oss

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

3B

3R

uby

-40

40A

7B

7R

ussi

an C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

--

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.R

ussi

an E

xpor

t Ble

ndSe

e U

rals

.Sa

ble

Isla

nd C

onde

nsat

e-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Sa

hara

n B

lend

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1Sa

jaa

Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Sala

din

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1Sa

mgo

riN

o H

eat

2525

A3

B3/

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

25

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.Sa

n B

ened

etto

Gas

olin

aN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

e-

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Sa

n Jo

aqui

n V

alle

y-

5757

A5

B5

San

Salv

o G

asol

ina

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

San

Seba

stia

nN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Was

hing

with

this

gra

de m

ay c

ause

una

ccep

tabl

y hi

gh ta

nk p

ress

ures

.Sa

nta

Bar

bara

No

Hea

t25

25A

8/A

7B

3/B

2Sa

rago

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Sara

go 1

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Sara

tov

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

-A

4B

4/B

2

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

66

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)Sa

rirA

ug-0

237

,10

5,00

-1,

8518

,84

2427

3637

506,

6310

02,

85<2

X0,

08Sc

hieh

allio

nA

pr-0

325

,50

--

0,20

7,00

-612

2126

2050

,80

4017

,26

<2-

Sedg

ewic

kN

ov-9

321

,40

--

--

-18

--

-20

119,

5140

36,9

0-

-Se

digi

Feb-

9046

,50

5,90

--

--1

8-

--

202,

0540

1,48

--

Sem

bila

ngA

ug-9

436

,00

--

0,30

35,5

842

-39

4750

13,5

460

8,15

--

Sem

eSe

p-90

22,7

51,

70-

0,40

3,46

-40

-21

1322

2014

7,39

3083

,83

--

Seni

pah

Con

dens

ate

Aug

-01

52,4

0-

-3,

551,

01-6

3-

-52

-38

200,

9140

0,73

<1-

Seria

Lig

htSe

p-02

36,3

64,

30-

1,45

6,00

913

1719

202,

7040

1,80

--

Shar

jah

Con

dens

ate

Jan-

9364

,00

--

5,50

--4

0-

-26

-20

3,37

501,

84-

-Sh

ell D

elta

Jun-

0036

,60

--

1,35

3,96

-24

-1

820

6,67

403,

88-

-Sh

engl

iJa

n-91

24,7

56,

00-

0,29

13,2

121

3032

3720

937,

5050

50,3

0-

-Sh

ukhe

ir G

amm

aO

ct-9

141

,50

--

2,15

-0

--

-20

4,30

--

--

Sibe

rian

Ligh

tSe

p-95

35,5

86,

00-

1,35

5,56

-60

1625

208,

7840

5,00

-X

-

Siri

(Nor

th S

ea)

Mar

-00

37,3

04,

44-

2,55

8,29

36

2334

305,

5550

3,51

1-

Sirr

i (Ir

an)

Oct

-99

32,1

0-

-1,

506,

18-1

2-

1719

2011

,15

405,

88<1

-Si

rtica

Ble

ndSe

p-94

40,2

57,

40-

1,67

7,31

-63

2226

205,

6630

4,38

1 - 3

3X

0,15

Skua

Apr

-93

42,0

05,

50-

1,70

10,7

69

1320

2620

3,42

402,

14-

-

Slei

pner

Con

dens

ate

Feb-

0359

,80

4,82

8,70

5,43

<3<-

54-2

6-1

9-6

200,

7550

0,57

--

Soro

osh

Jan-

0320

,0-

-0,

967,

5-2

7-

41-

4015

7-

--

-So

uedi

eO

ct-0

324

,55,

806,

501,

444,

00-4

2-2

421

-20

77,5

030

47,8

0>3

2X

0,15

Sout

h A

rne

Oct

-00

37,7

1-

-2,

657,

080

-21

2420

7,47

404,

23<1

-

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

67

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SSa

rir32

4040

A8/

A7

B7

Schi

ehal

lion

-25

25A

7B

7Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons o

r on

long

voy

ages

. H

eatin

g to

30

C m

ay b

e re

quire

d. C

OW

may

nee

d to

be

incr

ease

d.Se

dgew

ick

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Sedi

gi-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Se

mbi

lang

-57

57A

5B

5Se

me

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1Se

nipa

h C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

--

Was

hing

with

this

gra

de m

ay c

ause

una

ccep

tabl

y hi

gh ta

nk p

ress

ures

.Se

ria L

ight

-25

25A

2B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Shar

jah

Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Shel

l Del

taN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Shen

gli

3845

45A

5B

5Sh

ukhe

ir G

amm

a-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Si

beria

n Li

ght

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

may

be

requ

ired.

Siri

(Nor

th S

ea)

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

oil

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Sirr

i (Ir

an)

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Si

rtica

Ble

ndN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A7/

A2

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. S

lop

tank

s sho

uld

be h

eate

d to

25

C if

nec

essa

ry a

nd u

sed

for C

OW

.Sk

uaN

o H

eat

2525

A3/

A2

B3/

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. S

lop

tank

s sho

uld

be h

eate

d to

25

C if

nec

essa

ry a

nd u

sed

for C

OW

.Sl

eipn

er C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

e-

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.So

roos

hN

o H

eat

No

Hea

t-

A4/

A3

B3/

B2

Soue

die

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Slo

p ta

nks s

houl

dbe

hea

ted

to 2

5C

if n

eces

sary

and

use

d fo

r CO

W.

Sout

h A

rne

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2B

2Th

is c

rude

oil

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

68

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)So

uth

Pars

Con

dens

ate

Jun-

0256

,6-

--

--3

6-

--

--

--

--

Soyo

Jul-9

638

,70

5,90

-1,

5013

,00

1518

3035

404,

5360

3,02

-X

-Sp

ilam

berto

Gas

olin

aN

ov-9

258

,10

--

0,77

-0

--

-20

0,74

--

--

Stag

Feb-

9918

,40

--

0,00

0,56

-42

-30

-34

520

124,

0040

36,9

00,

4-

Stat

fjord

Apr

-02

39,4

34,

296,

602,

507,

10-1

86

2030

205,

5950

3,32

1,5

0,44

Sura

tJa

n-97

50,1

5-

-1,

0012

,39

<-60

1215

2820

3,01

402,

08-

-

Syria

n Li

ght

Dec

-01

37,8

03,

704,

271,

058,

80-1

09

2425

404,

1260

2,86

<2X

0,23

Tala

kans

kaya

Jan-

0335

,3-

-0,

992,

5-5

1-

-3-

2015

,3-

-<2

-Ta

ntaw

anJu

n-99

43,0

0-

-1,

6013

,99

-12

-28

3620

4,53

401,

88<0

,2-

Tapi

s Ble

ndJu

n-98

45,8

04,

807,

102,

1316

,35

16-

2533

203,

1840

2,39

0,0

-

Taze

rka

Dec

-95

32,0

54,

30-

0,50

3,37

-18

-12

1220

2013

,60

407,

52-

-Tc

hata

mba

Jan-

0143

,96

--

3,50

7,50

-69

2125

302,

5050

1,93

<1-

Tem

pa R

ossa

Jul-0

121

,60

--

1,10

4,45

-36

-16

3630

44,8

550

23,4

5-

-Te

mpa

Ros

sa 2

Teng

izA

pr-9

746

,60

--

3,00

5,63

-21

-18

2020

2,21

401,

5075

,0X

-Te

reng

ganu

Oct

-94

47,4

0-

-2,

2514

,42

12

-26

3030

2,19

501,

56-

-

Tere

ngga

nu C

onde

nsat

eJu

n-96

74,5

011

,90

-5,

40-

-54

--3

5-

200,

7540

0,50

--

Terr

a N

ova

Feb-

0232

,58

2,20

4,30

0,60

9,00

-94

2730

2019

,84

409,

01<2

-Th

amm

ama

'F' C

onde

nsat

eM

ay-9

051

,70

--

1,95

1,23

-21

--1

420

1,36

301,

19-

-Th

even

ard

Nov

-01

39,2

01,

20-

1,05

1,27

-63

-48

-16

-320

3,00

402,

07<2

-Ti

a Ju

ana

Ligh

tSe

p-94

31,9

53,

405,

000,

993,

64-4

2-2

43

620

23,8

030

16,4

0-

0,23

Tia

Juan

a Pe

sado

Apr

-01

11,2

00,

40-

0,00

--3

738

-40

3080

,00

6070

7,00

--

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

69

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SSo

uth

Pars

Con

dens

ate

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Soyo

-35

35A

8B

8/B

7Sp

ilam

berto

Gas

olin

a-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.St

agN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Stat

fjord

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Sura

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

Prio

r to

CO

W if

no

resi

dues

are

det

ecte

d C

OW

shou

ld b

e m

inim

ised

to p

reve

ntlo

sses

thro

ugh

vapo

ur e

mis

sion

s.Sy

rian

Ligh

t-

3030

A8/

A7

B8/

B7

This

cru

de is

aff

ecte

d by

am

bien

t con

ditio

ns, e

spec

ially

sea

tem

pera

ture

. H

eatin

gdu

ring

win

ter m

onth

s may

nee

d to

be

incr

ease

d. S

ee c

omm

ents

'Ann

ex C

'.Ta

laka

nska

yaN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Tant

awan

3535

35A

4B

4Ta

pis B

lend

-30

30A

5B

5Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 3

0C

may

be

requ

ired.

Taze

rka

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Tc

hata

mba

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B1

Was

hing

with

this

gra

de m

ay c

ause

una

ccep

tabl

y hi

gh ta

nk p

ress

ures

. W

axla

ydow

n m

ay o

ccur

in c

old

cond

ition

s.Te

mpa

Ros

saN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

Tem

pa R

ossa

2Se

e Te

mpa

Ros

sa.

Teng

izN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.Te

reng

ganu

-25

25A

2B

2Ex

cess

ive

heat

ing

and

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

and

loss

es.

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Te

reng

ganu

Con

dens

ate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

one

-C

OW

with

this

cru

de m

ay re

sult

in h

igh

tank

pre

ssur

es.

Terr

a N

ova

2525

25A

3B

2Th

amm

ama

'F' C

onde

nsat

eN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

Non

e-

CO

W w

ith th

is c

rude

may

resu

lt in

hig

h ta

nk p

ress

ures

.Th

even

ard

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1Ti

a Ju

ana

Ligh

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Tia

Juan

a Pe

sado

5760

60A

5B

5

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

70

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)Ti

erra

Del

Fue

goM

ar-0

043

,20

5,60

-1,

956,

64-2

0-6

1923

203,

9140

2,46

<1-

Tona

Apr

-93

29,3

9-

-0,

32-

-9

--

-20

9,21

--

--

Topa

cio

Jun-

0326

,20

--

0,84

--3

7 -

--

2027

,53

4012

,83

--

Trito

nA

ug-0

039

,30

6,60

-2,

108,

66-6

-22

2630

4,60

503,

05<1

-Tr

oll

Feb-

0227

,10

--

0,40

2,22

-48

-33

-23

2024

,00

4011

,37

<1-

Turk

ish

Indi

geno

usJu

l-98

29,2

51,

10-

0,30

4,10

-18

-15

1415

2013

,68

407,

49-

-

Uda

ngM

ar-9

438

,05

--

0,15

34,0

035

3941

4660

6,55

804,

34-

-U

kpok

itiFe

b-01

41,7

05,

50-

1,40

11,3

512

1626

-30

2,74

501,

92<1

-U

mm

Sha

ifJa

n-00

37,2

04,

807,

001,

406,

07-3

0-9

18-

205,

9640

3,54

31X

-U

rals

(Bal

tic)

May

-01

32,2

0-

-1,

554,

26-1

8-

1215

2012

,10

406,

602,

00X

0,06

Ura

ls (B

lack

Sea

)M

ar-0

132

,50

--

1,40

7,42

-9-

21-

3010

,11

505,

972,

00X

0,06

Ura

ls H

eavy

(2)

Mar

-93

27,9

95,

12-

1,29

3,98

-24

-15

1723

2026

,65

4013

,43

-0,

06V

al d

'Agr

iM

ay-0

339

,0-

-3,

745,

0-3

9-

14-

203,

73-

-<5

X-

Var

ande

yJu

n-01

25,5

0-

-0,

952,

34-5

7-

17

2026

,90

4013

,04

9,00

X-

Var

anus

Apr

-02

47,3

0-

-2,

604,

71-2

4-

711

201,

7940

1,33

<2-

Var

gA

ug-0

136

,31

2,55

-1,

259,

2312

-25

2630

5,67

503,

54<1

-V

asco

nia

Jan-

0324

,9-

-0,

457,

0-6

-30

-30

38,9

--

<2-

Veg

aJu

n-95

18,3

0-

-0,

14-

-9

-670

-20

8371

,00

--

--

Vill

a Fo

rtuna

Mar

-96

43,2

0-

-2,

705,

88-3

6-

116

303,

2750

2,30

--

Vity

azJu

l-02

34,4

0-

--

--5

4 -

--

--

--

--

Wab

asca

Oct

-99

20,0

0-

-0,

652,

54-5

4-

-725

3012

0,50

5046

,15

--

Waf

ra R

ataw

iW

alio

Nov

-98

36,3

02,

503,

000,

5510

,04

-23

727

2820

7,37

403,

64<1

-

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

71

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

STi

erra

Del

Fue

goN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

25

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.To

na-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.To

paci

o-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Tr

iton

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

3B

3Th

is c

rude

oil

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Trol

lN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Turk

ish

Indi

geno

usN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

20

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.U

dang

-55

55A

5B

5U

kpok

iti30

3030

A8

B8/

B7

Um

m S

haif

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1U

rals

(Bal

tic)

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

1M

ay b

e ca

lled

Rus

sian

Exp

ort B

lend

. See

com

men

ts 'A

nnex

A'.

Ura

ls (B

lack

Sea

)N

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2

May

be

calle

d R

ussi

an E

xpor

t Ble

nd.

This

cru

de o

il m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. Se

e co

mm

ents

'Ann

ex A

'.U

rals

Hea

vy (2

)N

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Val

d'A

gri

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

1V

aran

dey

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1V

aran

usN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B1

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.V

arg

2525

25A

4B

4V

asco

nia

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

4/A

2B

2V

ega

-57

57A

5B

5V

illa

Fortu

naN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

This

cru

de o

il m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s.V

ityaz

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Wab

asca

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

3B

2W

afra

Rat

awi

See

Rat

awi.

Wal

ioN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2

B2

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

25

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

72

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)W

ando

oA

ug-9

719

,40

--

0,00

1,00

-42

-33

-52

-720

171,

0040

48,6

0-

-W

est D

eser

tA

ug-0

341

,0-

-2,

5513

,5-3

-33

-20

4,65

--

<5-

Wes

t Tex

as In

term

edia

teJa

n-02

39,8

07,

80-

0,95

4,74

-36

-18

1419

204,

9240

3,08

5,3

-W

est T

exas

Sou

rO

ct-8

632

,30

5,60

-1,

03-

-27

-12

17-

--

--

--

Wet

Yom

boW

idur

iM

ay-9

232

,80

--

0,05

44,9

143

4648

6350

24,6

160

16,4

1-

-W

oolly

butt

Jun-

0348

,60

2,30

-0,

24-

-43

--

-20

1,71

401,

25-

-W

ytch

Far

mJu

l-01

41,2

04,

609,

202,

006,

21-1

5-

1824

304,

5450

3,11

<1-

Xi X

iang

Oct

-97

32,2

0-

-0,

0021

,26

36-

4245

4022

,50

609,

51-

-

Yan

gaA

pr-8

929

,20

--

0,59

--6

-

--

2068

,94

--

--

Yiz

heng

Jan-

8528

,45

--

0,40

17,1

330

3341

4440

45,1

060

18,8

0-

-Y

me

May

-97

38,0

0-

-2,

257,

249

-24

2720

6,29

403,

66-

-

Yom

boSe

p-99

17,7

01,

80-

0,25

7,11

-9-

1528

4081

7,00

6022

4,00

--

Zaaf

aran

aJu

n-95

23,1

0-

-0,

756,

346

-30

3440

41,0

060

19,8

4-

-Za

firo

Jun-

0331

,90

5,50

-1,

392,

63-4

8-9

1020

2010

,77

405,

94<2

-Za

gors

koye

Jun-

0241

,2-

--

--1

8-

--

--

--

--

Zaire

Exp

ort

Zaki

nska

yaFe

b-02

46,8

--

--

-15

--

--

--

--

-Za

kum

(Low

er)

Nov

-00

39,8

04,

806,

901,

856,

50-1

8-9

1719

204,

4040

2,79

2X

-

Zaku

m (U

pper

)M

ay-9

633

,70

6,20

7,90

1,90

4,58

-51

-24

320

308,

0940

6,30

3 - 5

-Za

rzai

tine

Aug

-03

43,2

06,

708,

402,

222,

00-2

10

1722

204,

6930

3,70

1 - 8

X0,

23

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

73

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SW

ando

oN

o H

eat

No

Hea

t25

A1

B1

The

wax

con

tent

is so

low

, was

hing

is u

nnec

essa

ry.

Wes

t Des

ert

2525

25A

7B

4/B

3W

est T

exas

Inte

rmed

iate

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1W

est T

exas

Sou

r-

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.W

et Y

ombo

See

Yom

bo.

Wid

uri

-60

60A

5B

5W

oolly

butt

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Wyt

ch F

arm

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1X

i Xia

ng-

5050

A8

B8/

B7

Trea

t as F

uel O

il. W

ashi

ng m

ay b

e po

ssib

le a

t hig

h te

mpe

ratu

re.

Mor

ein

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Y

anga

--

--

-M

ore

info

rmat

ion

requ

ired.

Yiz

heng

-45

45A

3B

3Y

me

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

2/B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 3

0C

may

be

requ

ired.

Yom

bo-

6060

A5

B5

Zaaf

aran

a-

3030

A8

B7

Zafir

oN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A2/

A1

B1

Zago

rsko

yeN

o H

eat

No

Hea

t-

A2/

A1

B2/

B1

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Za

ire E

xpor

tSe

e C

ongo

Com

posi

te.

Zaki

nska

ya-

--

--

Mor

e in

form

atio

n re

quire

d.Za

kum

(Low

er)

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B2

/B1

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

25

Cm

ay b

e re

quire

d.Za

kum

(Upp

er)

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

1B

1Za

rzai

tine

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

2/A

1B

1Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 2

5C

and

botto

m w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d. H

owev

er, t

here

will

be

an a

ssoc

iate

d lo

ss o

flig

ht e

nds f

rom

the

carg

o.

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

74

CR

UD

E TY

PEU

PDA

TED

API

VA

POU

RG

AS<

C4

TOTA

LPO

UR

CLO

UD

VIS

CO

SITY

H2S

H2S

Ben

zene

GR

AV

ITY

PRES

SUR

EW

AX

PO

INT

POIN

T(C

alc)

mm

2 /sO

ilPh

ase

Vap

our

Phas

e(p

sig)

(% m

/m)

(% m

/m)

(C

)(

C)

(ppm

)

Con

firm

ed(%

m/m

)(T

ypic

al)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

(Ran

ge)

T 1V

1T 2

V2

(Typ

ical

)Ze

it B

ayD

ec-9

435

,30

1,60

6,54

2,48

5,06

-93

2138

208,

1750

3,52

--

Zuat

a M

ediu

mJu

n-03

28,5

--

1,28

0,5

-60

--4

-20

15,7

--

<2-

Zuei

tina

Mar

-96

39,0

04,

805,

000,

808,

600

628

3220

8,81

306,

010,

1X

0,12

AN

NEX

D -

CR

UD

E O

IL D

ATA

SH

EETS

75

CR

UD

E TY

PEM

INIM

UM

TEM

PER

ATU

RE

CO

W C

OD

ESR

EMA

RK

SR

EQU

IRED

(C

)R

EQ

(CO

WT)

(SB

T)LO

AD

CA

RR

IAG

ED

ISC

HA

RG

EA

W/A

SB

W/B

SZe

it B

ayN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

This

cru

de m

ay b

e su

bjec

t to

wax

layd

own

in c

old

cond

ition

s. H

eatin

g to

25

Can

d bo

ttom

was

hing

may

be

requ

ired.

How

ever

, the

re w

ill b

e an

ass

ocia

ted

loss

of

light

end

s fro

m th

e ca

rgo.

Zuat

a M

ediu

mN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

A1

B1

Zuei

tina

No

Hea

tN

o H

eat

No

Hea

tA

3/A

2B

3/B

2Th

is c

rude

may

be

subj

ect t

o w

ax la

ydow

n in

col

d co

nditi

ons.

Hea

ting

to 3

0C

and

full

cycl

e w

ashi

ng m

ay b

e re

quire

d.

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