Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh dgkuh

Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr

uo tuokpu vkanksyu

bl fdrkc dk izdk'ku Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr us^lj nksjkcth VkVk VªLV* osQ lg;ksx ls fd;k gSA

bl vkanksyu dk edln vke turk esaiBu&ikBu laLÑfr fodflr djuk gSA

Bharatiya Chitrakala Ki KahaniManik Walawalkar

Series EditorTaposh Chakravorty

Copy EditorRadheshyam Mangolpuri

Cover & GraphicsJagmohan

First EditionNovember, 2007

ContribuationRs. 35

PrintingAakrisht GraphicsGurgaon, Haryana

Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh dgkuhekf.kd okykoydj

iqLrdekyk laikndrkiks'k pØorhZ

dkWih laikndjk/s';ke eaxksyiqjh

doj ,oa xzkfiQDltxeksgu

izFke laLdj.kuoacj] 2007

lg;ksx jkf'k35 #i;s

eqæ.kvko`Q"V xzkfiQDlxqM+xkao] gfj;k.kk

Publication and Distribution© Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti

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website: www. bgvs.org

BGVS NOVEMBER 2007 2K 0035 NJVA 0094/2007

Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh dgkuh

ekf.kd okykoydj

4

Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh dgkuh

Hkkjr osQ fdlh Hkh xkao dh lqcg ns[ksaµ izlUu okrkoj.k esa iqrkbZfd;k gqvk vkaxu] mlesa cukbZ gqbZ lisQn jaxksyh vkSj mlesa 'kqHklwfprdjus okyk gYnh&oqQeoqQe dk fryd--- yxHkx gj fnu dk Lokxr,sls gh jaxksa vkSj js[kkvksa ls gksrk gSA jaxksyh dh bu js[kkvksa ls ;g?kj ;k vkaxu fdl izns'k dk gS] ;g vki crk ldrs gSaA oSQls\js[kkvksa osQ y;nkj cy ls vkSj muls curs vkdkjksa lsA ;g egkjk"Vªdh jaxksyh gS] caxky dh vYiuk gS] nf{k.k dh dksye ;k jktLFkkudk eaMy gSµ ;g vki crk ldrs gSaA bl utkdr Hkjh jaxksyh dkvkLokn ysdj vkxs c<+sa rks NksVh&lh lhf<+;ksa osQ ikj ?kj dk njoktkfn[krk gSA bl ydM+h osQ njokts dh pkS[kV ij Hkh oqQN&u&oqQNuDdk'kh ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bl uDdk'khnkj njokts dks yka?kdj?kj esa >kaosaQ rks irk pyrk gS] ?kj fdruk Hkh NksVk vkSj lknk gks]mlesa txg&txg dyk osQ uewus fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ?kj osQ iqjkus crZu]nh,] ydM+h dh vyekfj;ka vkSj ,slh dbZ phtksa ij ikjaifjddkjhxjh osQ fu'kku cus gksrs gSaA

,d oDr ,slk Fkk fd loZlkekU; euq"; dk thoueku HkhlkSan;Z ls Lif'kZr FkkA gekjs R;kSgkjksa dh fof/ vkSj muls lacaf/rjaxlaxfr bldh lk{kh gSA Hkkjr osQ fofHk tkfr;ksa esa ^thorh* ;kuhekr`nsork dh iwtk gksrh gSA vyx&vyx izns'kksa esa ukx] gkFkh] 'ksjvkfn izkf.k;ksa dh Hkh iwtk gksrh gSA bl iwtk osQ cgkus ?kj dh vkSjrsa

5

nhokjksa ij fp=k cukrh gSaA dbZ txgksa ij yksx 'kknh dk ?kj ,sls ghfp=kksa ls ltkrs gSaA bruk gh ugha] uotkr f'k'kq osQ tUe vkSj ?kj esafdlh dh e`R;q tSlss izlaxksa ij Hkh fp=k cukus dh izFkk gSA jaxksyh gks;k ,sls fp=k] Hkkjrokfl;ksa osQ fy, ;s osQoy fp=k ugha gSaA muosQfy, ;g tUe ls e`R;q rd thou dh vuar Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fDrgSA

fp=kdyk dk mn~xe oSQls gqvk] bldh ,d dFkk Hkkjrh; iqjk.kksaesa fy[kh gqbZ gSA fo".kqèkeksZÙkj iqjk.k osQ 35 osa vè;k; osQ izkjaHk esa;g dFkk gSA ,d ckj ukjk;.k Íf"k ri osQ fy, cSBs FksA banznso usviuh lkjh vIljkvksa dks mudh riL;k Hkax djus osQ fy, Hkstfn;k] fdUrq Íf"k us mu vIljkvksa dks ns[kdj] mu ij eksfgr gksusdh ctk; ve`rjl ls mohZ ij] ;kuh tehu ij] ,d yko.;orh dkfp=k cuk;kA ;gh yko.;orh ;kuh moZ'kh FkhA Íf"k us bl fp=k esaizk.kksa dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj og fp=k thfor gks x;kA Íf"koj }kjkfufeZr bl laqnj vIljk dks ns[kdj banz dh lkjh vIljk,a 'kfe±nkgksdj ogka ls pyh xb±A blosQ i'pkr ukjk;.k Íf"k us fp=k dk'kkL=k rS;kj dj mls fo'odekZ dks fl[kk;kA vkSj ;gha ls fp=kdykdk tUe gqvkA

ge vius vkl&ikl esa vusd fp=k ns[k ns[krs gSaµ dHkh ?kjksaesa] dHkh eafnjksa esa] dHkh dk;kZy;ksa esa vkSj dHkh dyk&nh?kkZvksa esaA¶vkidks dkSu&lk fp=k ilan vkrk gS\¸ vxj ge ;g loky iwNsarks vkieas ls gj ,d dk tokc vyx&vyx gksxkA fdlh dksi'kq&iafN;ksa osQ fp=k ilan vk,axs] fdlh dks balkuksa osQ] fdlh dksfliZQ isM+&ikS/ksa osQ fp=k vPNs yxsaxsA dksbZ dgsxk] eq>s oLrq&fp=k ;kladYi&fp=k ilan gSaA fp=k vPNk yxrk gSµ bldk eryc D;kgksrk gS\ fp=k dk fo"k;] vkdkj] jax] js[kkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ cuk gqvkfp=k vPNk yxrk gSA fiQj Hkh bl vPNk yxus dk eryc D;k gksrkgS\ fdlh fp=k dk fo"k; cgqr vPNk gS_ ij mldh js[kk,a vkSjvkdkj vPNs u gkas rks D;k gksxk\ fo"k; Bhd ls le> esa vk,xk

6

ugha vkSj fiQj fp=k T;knk vPNk ugha yxsxkA vkSj ge osQoy ^fp=kBhd gS*] ,slh fVIi.kh dj NksM+ nsaxsA bldk eryc gS fd fp=k esavko';d gj ?kVd Bhd ls fpf=kr fd;k x;k gks rks gh fp=k vPNkvkSj lqanj gksrk gSA vc ;g vPNk fp=k cuk,a oSQls\ vkidk tokcgksxkµ gkFk esa isfUly ;k pkWd ysdjA ,d rjg ls ;g Hkh lgh gSAoSls NksVs cPps osQ gkFk esa Hkh isfUly ;k pkWd Fkek nks rks og Hkhnhokjksa ij oqQN&u&oqQN t:j cuk nsrk gSA FkksM+h le> vkus ij mls?kj] vkneh] ioZr] iaNh tSls vkdkj cukuk vkus yxrk gSA/hjs&/hjs og bUgha vkdkjksa dks feykdj ,d lewpk fp=k cukusyxrk gSA bl fp=k dh 'kqjQvkr gksrh dgka ls gS\ fcanq lsA vusdfcanq feykdj ,d js[kk curh gS vkSj js[kkvksa dks eksM+dj rS;kj gksrsgSa vkdkjA bUgha vkdkjksa esa fiQj jax Hkjdj fp=k curk gSA dbZ fp=kksaesa jax ugha gksrs] osQoy js[kk,a gksrh gSaA ,sls fp=kksa dks js[kkadu dgrsgSa vFkkZr ,sls fp=kksa esa Hkh fopkj o Hkko&Hkkouk,a gksrh gSaA fdlh Hkhfp=k dh js[kkvksa esa] vkdkjksa esa] jaxksa esa ;fn fopkj] Hkko&Hkkoukvksadks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gks rks gh mlls vPNh vfHkO;fDr gks ldrhgSA

bl fdrkc esa ge cgqr ls fp=k ns[ksaxs Hkh vkSj mudh tkudkjhHkh ysaxsA ysfdu mlls igys ^fp=k oSQls ns[krs gaS]* vkb, blosQ ckjsesa FkksM+h ckr djrs gSaA dbZ ckj fp=k osQ lkFk esa mldh tkudkjhfy[kh gksrh gS& dykdkj dk uke] fp=k dh dyk&vof/] vkdkjekuvkSj fp=k dk ekè;eA ;g ckr lp gS fd fliZQ tkudkjh i<+dj gefp=k dks le> ugha ik,axsA ysfdu bl tkudkjh ls fp=kdkj us ftlifjfLFkfr esa fp=k dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS] mldk vuqeku yxk ldrs gSaAfp=k osQ vkdkjeku ls fp=k esa cuk, x, vkdkj vkSj izfrekvksa dkvanktk gksrk gSA dbZ ckj ,slk ns[kk x;k gS fd fp=k dk ekè;efp=kdkj dh igpku curk gSA viuh dyk fufeZfr osQ fy, fp=kdkjus ;gh ekè;e D;ksa viuk;k] ;g ge lksprs gSaA fp=k osQ ckjs esa ;gi<+uk rks vko';d gS] ysfdu mlls Hkh vko';d gS fp=k dks

7

ckj&ckj ns[kdj mls vuqHko djukA fp=k le>us osQ fy, mlls?kaVksa rd ckrsa djuh iM+sxh vkSj vxj ,d ckj mlls vkidh nksLrhgks xbZ rks fp=k [kqn&c&[kqn viuh dgkuh crkus yxrk gSA

dksbZ fp=kdkj viuh dykÑfr esa balku] i'kqq&i{kh vkSj oLrqdh izfrek,a fudkyrk gS rks dksbZ fp=kdkj osQoy jax vkSj js[kkvksa osQla;ksx ls fp=k cukrk gSA ftuesa izfrek,a gksrh gSa] mUgsa izfr:i fp=kdgrs gSa vkSj ftuesa ,sls fof'k"V vkdkj] izfrek,a ugha gksrha] mUgsavizfr:i ;k vewrZ fp=k dgrs gSaA vewrZ fp=k le> esa gh ughavkrk] ,slk dgdj os bls ekWMuZ vkVZ dgrs gSaA vkius dHkh vka[ksaewandj 'kkafr dk vuqHko fd;k gS\ ,slh 'kkafr dks eglwl djrs oDrcan vka[kksa osQ lkeus oqQN jax] vkdkj utj vkrs gSaA mlesa dksbZfof'k"V dgkuh ;k izlax ugha gksrkA og rks osQoy eu osQ fopkjksa dkizfrfcac gksrk gSA gksyh [ksyrs oDr ge ;g ugha lksprs fd viusnksLrksa dks ge fdl vkdkj ;k jax ls jaxsaxs\ ge rks cl jaxksa dhckSNkj djrs gSaA ge eu osQ mlh vkuan dks iwjs ekgkSy esa izfrfcafcrdjrs gSaA vewrZ fp=k ,slk gh gksrk gS] fujkdkj vkuan tSlkA

fp=k cukus osQ fy, vktdy dbZ vyx vkSj u, ekè;emiyC/ gSaA bu ekè;eksa dh otg ls fp=k dks ,d fuf'pr :i izkIrgksrk gSA (;g crkus dk rkRi;Z bruk gh gS fd gj fp=kdkj dkviuk ,d ekè;e gksrk gSA) mÙke cukus osQ fy, osQoy fp=kdkjhdk Kku mi;qDr ugha gSA bldh Hkh ,d dFkk fo".kq/eksZÙkj iqjk.k esagSA otz uke dk ,d f'k"; ekoZQ.Ms; Íf"k osQ ikl f'kYidkjhlh[kus osQ fy, vkrk gSA og Íf"koj lss ewfrZ'kkL=k fl[kkus dh fourhdjrk gSA ekoZQ.Ms; Íf"k mlls dgrs gSa] ¶ewfrZ'kkL=k lh[kus osQ fy,fp=kdkjh vkuh t:jh gSA¸

¶rks fiQj eq>s fp=kdkjh fl[kk,aA¸ ,slh fourh otz djrk gSA

¶fp=kdyk dk Kku ikus osQ fy, u`R; lh[kuk t:jh gSA¸ Íf"kle>krs gSaA otz u`R; fl[kkus dh fourh djrk gSA

8

Íf"k dgrs gSa] ¶ok| osQ Kku fcuk u`R; ugha vk ldrkA¸

¶rks ok| fl[kkb,A¸

otz dh bl fourh ij ekoZQ.Ms; Íf"k dgrs gSa] ¶ok| dk KkuizkIr djus osQ fy, lkfgR; vkSj xhr dk Kku Hkh vko';d gSA¸

vkf[kj xhr'kkL=k ls otz dh f'k{kk 'kq: gksrh gSA eryc ;g gSfd lc dyk,a ,d&nwljs ls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA lcesa ls FkksM+k&FkksM+k jlysdj gh gesa mls vuqHko djuk pkfg,] lh[kuk pkfg,A

xqiQkfp=k& fHkecsVdk (e-iz-)

;g fp=k eè;izns'k osQ fHkecsVdk xqiQkvksa esa gSµ vkfnekuo }kjkfpf=kr fd;k gqvk] yxHkx nl gtkj o"kZ iqjkuk fp=kA bu xqiQkvksa dh[kkst gky gh esa gqbZ gSA egkjk"Vª osQ iqjkrRo&fo|k osQ vH;kld ,oala'kks/d Jh gfjHkkmQ okd.kdj us bu xqiQkvksa dh [kkst dhAiqjkrRo&fo|k vFkkZr iqjkru vo'ks"kksa dk vH;klA fHkecsVdk tSlhxqiQk,a iwjs Hkkjr esa dbZ txgksa ij ikbZ tkrh gSaA ysfdu vH;kldksa usbu fHkecsVdk xqiQkvksa dks vfr izkphu vkSj vf/d egÙoiw.kZ ekuk gSA

xqiQkfp=k fHkecsVdk] e-iz-(xqiQkfp=k dk cuk;k gqvk vH;kl vkjs[ku)

9

bu fp=kksa dks xkSj ls ns[ksa rks le> esa vkrk gS fd ;g osQoynhokjksa o Nrksa ij cuk, gq, fp=k gh ugha gSa] cfYd bUgsa iRFkjksa esagYdk&lk rjk'kk x;k gSA vkfnekuo dk thou oSQlk Fkk] bldhdYiuk vki dj ldrs gSaA ?kus taxyksa esa viuh vUu] oL=k vkSjfuokl dh ewy t:jrksa dks iwjk djrs gq, og f'kdkj djrk FkkAmldk lkjk thou bl f'kdkj ls gh tqM+k gqvk FkkA blfy, mlosQxqiQkfp=k Hkh blh fo"k; osQ gSaSA xk;] cSy] lqvj] fgj.kµ ,sls yxHkx452 izk.kh bu xqiQkfp=kksa esa fn[kk, x, gSaA dbZ izkf.k;ksa osQ isV esamlosQ cPps Hkh fpf=kr fd, x, gSa] ekuks tSls mldk ^,Dl&js*fudkyk gksA

f'kdkj vkSj bu ewy t:jrksa dk fp=k cukus ls D;k laca/ gksldrk gS\ vktdy ge fdlh dke ij tkus ls igys Hkxoku dhiwtk djrs gSaA oSls ml oDr Hkh vkneh f'kdkj djus ls igys mlizk.kh osQ ckjs esa lkspdj Hkxoku dh iwtk djosQ fp=k cukrk FkkAf'kdkj osQ fy, vko';d rduhd vkSj ekufld 'kfDr og fp=kcukdj izkIr dj ysrk FkkA fp=k esa izk.kh osQ 'kjhj esa ?kqls gq, ck.kfn[kk, x, gSaA izk.kh dks dgka ck.k ekjus ls mldh rqjar e`R;q gksxh]'kk;n bldk Hkh vH;kl fp=k osQ ekè;e ls fd;k x;k gksxkA ftlizk.kh dk f'kdkj djuk gS] yksx mldk fp=k cukdj mldh iwtkdjrs gksaxs& ;g Hkh ,d laHkkouk gSA izk.kh izÑfr dk ,d ?kVd gSAmldk f'kdkj djus ls izk.kh 'kki nsaxs] mlls cpus osQ fy, ,slhiwtk,a gksrh gksaxhµ vH;kldkas dk ;g ekuuk gSA fp=k cukus osQ fy,,slh dbZ izsj.kk,a gSaA ;g xqiQkfp=k ns[krs gq, ge ml vkfne tekusesa [kks tkrs gSaA ml le; osQ thou dk fopkj djrs gq, lkspus Hkhyxrs gSaµ oSQls ft, gksaxs ;s vkfne yksx\

vtark xqiQkfp=keè;izns'k ls vc ge pyrs gSa egkjk"Vª osQ vkSjaxkckn ftys esaA ;gkadk gjk&Hkjk [kwclwjr ifjlj] igkM+ksa ls cgrs gq, ikuh dk laxhr]

10

iafN;ksa dk xqatu] lkFk esaiSQyh gqbZ lqugjh /wiA ;s gaSvtark dh xqiQk,a vkSj ;gmQij fn;k gqvk fp=k bUghaxqiQkvksa dk izfl¼ fp=k^iÁikf.k cksf/lRo* gSA blfp=k osQ ckjs esa FkksM+k vkSjtku ysa rks ;g nksckjk ;kogka tkdj izR;{k :i lsns[krs oDr bldk vkuUnnqxquk gks tk,xkA

vtark dh xqiQkvksa osQbu fp=kksa dk xqIrdky esafuekZ.k gqvkµ igyh lnhls NBh lnh osQ dky esaAfHkecsVdk osQ xqiQkfp=k vkSj

vtark osQ xqiQkfp=k osQ dky esa dkiQh vUrj gSA dkxt] diM+k] jaxokys ekè;e f'kYidkjh osQ iRFkj ;k ydM+h tSls ekè;e ls defVdkmQ gaSA le; dh xksn esa os tYnh gh u"V gks tkrs gSaA ,sls ghoqQN bl chp dh dkykof/ esa gqvk gksxkA flaèkq laLÑfr ls 'kqaxdkyrd dh f'kYidyk vkSj okLrqdyk osQ vo'ks"k feys gSaA fp=kdkjh osQ,sls egÙoiw.kZ vo'ks"k u feyus osQ dkj.k ge lh/k xqIrdky esavkrs gSaA vtark osQ ;s xqiQkfp=k fHkecsVdk osQ xqiQkfp=kksa dh rjg osQoynhokjksa ij cuk, gq, ugha gaSA bu xqiQkvksa dh nhokjksa dh lrg fof'k"Vizdkj osQ IykLVj ls iksrdj cukbZ xbZ gSA bl iqrkbZ dh izfØ;k esa^izsQLdks ra=k* vkSj Vsaijk ra=k* ,sls nks izdkj gSaA Vsaijk ra=k* esa lw[kh lrgij fp=k cukrs gSa vkSj ^izsQLdks ra=k* esa lrg xhyh gksrh gSA

vtark fp=k osQ fo"k; ckS¼ /eZ ls lacaf/r gSaA buesa izeq[kfo"k; gS ^tkrd dFkk* vFkkZr~ Hkxoku cq¼ osQ iqutZUe dh dFkkA

iÁikf.k cksf/lRo] vtark xqiQkfp=k]xqiQk Øe&9

11

blosQ vykok] ml oDr dh nSuafnu thoup;kZ] izk.kh] iaNh bR;kfnosQ oqQN fp=k ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA ;s fp=k ckS¼ /eZ ls dkiQh tqM+sgq, gSaA blh dky esa ckS¼ /eZ dk izpkj ,oa izlkj iwjs Hkkjr esa cM+siSekus ij gqvkA ;gh mldk izeq[k dkj.k gSA ;s fufeZr fp=k blizpkj dk gh ,d fgLlk FksA bu fp=kksa osQ fy, izko`Qfrd jaxksa dkbLrseky fd;k x;k FkkA gYnh ls cuk ihyk jax] nh, dh dkfy[k lscuk dkyk jax] isM+ osQ iÙkksa ls cuk gjk jax] ysfi> yk>qyh osQ iRFkjls cuk uhyk jax vkSj feê ðh osQ yky jax ls fofo/ NVk,a cukbZ tkrhFkhaA

izfØ;k tkuus osQ ckn vc fiQj ls ^iÁikf.k cksf/lRo* ns[krsgaSA cksf/lRo Hkxoku cq¼ dk Kku izkfIr ls igys dk jktl :i gSAiÁ vFkkZr~ dey vkSj ikf.k ;kuh gkFkA gkFk esa /kj.k fd;k gqvkuhydey bl fp=k dk vkd"kZ.k fcanq gSA gkFk dh y;nkj eqnzk fdlhoqQ'ky u`R;kaxuk tSlh fn[krh gSA Hkxoku cq¼ jktk osQ :i esa fn[kk,x, gSaA ekFks ij eqoqQV] xys esa ekyk] da/s ij tusmQ] gkFk esa dM+k]dej dk oL=k] dejiêðs osQ eksfr;ksa dh fijkoV cM+h laqnjrk lsfpf=kr dh xbZ gSA cq¼ dh iwjh izfrek nkbZa vksj >qdh gqbZ gS] ysfdumudk psgjk gYdk&lk ckb± vksj >qdk gSA bl dkj.k fp=k esa ,dfof'k"V y; dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA psgjs ij fn[kk, x, 'kkar vkSjla;eh Hkko] dey ia[kqfM+;ksa tSlh v/ksZUehfyr vka[ksa] lh/h ukdvkSj ekFks ls guqoVh rd iSQyk gqvk mtyk psgjs dk fLergkL; cq¼osQ jktlh :i dks vf/d mBko nsrk gSA gj ckj ;g fp=k ns[krs gq,oqQN vkSj u;k ikus dk vkuUn feyrk gSA bl cksf/lRo osQ ihNsjktegy dk oqQN fgLlk] vkneh] iaNh tSls vkdkj Hkh fn[krs gSaA;gka vafdr ;s fp=k vkidks osQoy mldh HkO;rk dk vanktk nsldrs gSaA ^iÁikf.k cksfèklRo* gks ;k ^dkyh jkuh*] ^eka vkSj cPpk*gks ;k ^banz vkSj vIljk*µ lHkh fp=k laqnj gaSA ;g lc i<+us osQ ckn]vtark tkdj ;s fp=k izR;{k :i ls ns[kus ij vkidks vf/d vkuUnvk,xkA

12

y?kqfp=k 'kSyhfp=k dh tkudkjh esa ^y?kqfp=k 'kSyh*] ;g Bhd i<+k vkius! tSlsfHkfÙkfp=k& nhokj vkdkj dk] oSls gh ^y?kqfp=k*] vFkkZr~ NksVs vkdkjdkA lkekU;&rkSj ij ,sls fp=k dkxtksa ij cuk, tkrs gSaA lkekU; fp=kdh rjg ;g rqjar ugha curkA ^y?kqfp=k* cukus osQ fy, ,d [kklfdLe dk dkxt gkFk ls cuk;k tkrk FkkA bl ij ckjhd js[kkvksa lsckgjh vkdkj cukdj mls izko`Qfrd jaxksa ls jaxk tkrk FkkA mlij fiQjckjhfd;ka fn[kkrs Fks vkSj lcls vkf[kj esa lqugjs jax dk ysiu gksrkFkkA blosQ fy, [kjk lksuk bLrseky djrs FksA fp=k osQ lHkh jax,d&nwljs esa ?kqyfeydj FkksMk+ lkSE; gks vk,a vkSj fp=k FkksM+kpedhyk yxss] blosQ fy, fpdus iRFkj ls fp=k ij f?klkbZ gksrh FkhAy?kqfp=k dk vkdkj de&ls&de 8x10 lsaVhehVj vkSj vf/d ls

vfèkd 70x50 lsaVhehVj gksrk FkkAvkdkjksa dh y;nkj ckgjh js[kk,avkSj likV jax&ysiu] y?kqfp=k 'kSyhdh fof'k"Vrk ekuh tkrh gSA Hkkjrh;fp=kdkjksa dks ;g fp=k'kSyh eqxyfp=kdkjksa us fl[kkbZ vkSj eqxyksadks ikjlh fp=kdkjksa usA blls vkibldk vanktk yxk ldrs gSa fd;g ijEijk fdruh iqjkuh gS vkSjfdruh nwjh r; djosQ vkbZ gSA

eqxy y?kqfp=k 'kSyhckcj] gqek;aw] vdcj] tgkaxhj]'kkgtgka] vkSjaxtscµ ;s uke vkiusbfrgkl esa i<+s gksaxsA vdcj dhdFkk,a] 'kkgtgka dk rktegy]f'kokth egkjkt vkSj vkSjaxtsc dh

taxyh gkFkh ij vaoqQ'k dh dksf'k'kesa vdcj] ekè;e& dkxt ijuSlfxZd jax] fp=kdkj&feldhu

13

dFkk,a izfl¼ gSaA bUgha ckn'kkgksa osQ tekus esa eqxy y?kqfp=k 'kSyh dkfuekZ.k gqvkA ;g le; Fkk 15 oha ls 17 oha lnh dkA ml oDrHkkjr eqxyksa osQ v/hu FkkA bu lHkh jbZl ckn'kkgkas us dbZ fp=kdkjvius njckj esa j[ks FksA ehj lÕ;n vyh] v}&vy&lktSn ,slseqxy y?kqfp=kdkjksa us ckloku] feldhu] nkloFk tSls Hkkjrh;fp=kdkjksa dks rS;kj fd;kA vkxs pydj bUgha fp=kdkjksa us ^njckjhfp=kdkj* osQ :i esa cgqr maQpk LFkku izkIr fd;kA eqxy y?kqfp=k osQfo"k; Fks jktk dk 'kkS;Z vkSj ijkØeA ge>ukek] vdcjukek (vdcjpfj=k)] rqrhukek (rksrs dh dFkk,a)] je>ukek (egkHkkjr) tSsls mltekus osQ xzaFkksa dh fo"k;&oLrq ij Hkh dkiQh fp=k cuk, x,A lkfgR;vkSj fp=kdkjh dk ?kuk laca/ ;gka ns[kus dks feyrk gSA

mQij dk ;g fp=k vdcjukek ls gSA blesa frjNh fp=kdkjh dhxbZ gSA fp=k osQ ,d fljs ls nwljs fljs rd >sye unh dk iqy cuk;kx;k gSA frjNh js[kkvksa osQ dkj.k fp=k nks fgLlksa esa caV ldrk gSAfp=k nks fgLlkas esa u caVs fp=kdkj ^feldhu* us fp=k osQ mQijh fgLlsesa jktegy fn[kkdj bldh lko/kuh cjrh gSA >sye unh osQ iqyls xqtjus okys nks enksUeÙk gkFkh vkSj mu ij vaoqQ'k j[kus okysckn'kkg vdcj bl fp=k esa fn[kk, x, gSaA Hkkxrs gq, gkFkh] unh dk[kkSyrk gqvk ikuh] ikuh esa vLrO;Lr uko vkSj lsodµ buosQgkoHkko ls fp=k esa ,d xfr dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA fp=k dh xeZ vkSjBaMh jaxlaxfr fp=k&fo"k; dh xfr dk iwjd gSA fp=k ns[krs gq,gekjh utj Hkh fp=k osQ vkdkjksa dh rjg Hkkxus yxrh gSA vdcjckn'kkg osQ 'kkS;Z vkSj rkdr] mlosQ jgu&lgu dk gesa ,glkl gksrkgSA vdcj ckn'kkg osQ mlh BkV ls ge Hkh vius&vki fp=k esa'kkfey gks tkrs gSaA

vdcj osQ ckn ckn'kkg tgkaxhj dks izÑfr ls yxko FkkA mlusvius ^eUlwj* tSls fp=kdkjksa ls i'kq] iaNh] iwQy] isM+&ikS/s vkfnfo"k; ij fp=k cuok,A ^tsczk*] ^rqdhZ eqxkZ* mUgha esa ls oqQN izfl¼fp=k gSaA 'kkgtgka dks fp=kdyk ls vf/d okLrqdyk eas jQfp FkhA

14

vkxjs dk rktegy mlosQ okLrq&izse dk lcls cM+k lk{kh gSA mlusvius njckjh fp=kdkjksa ls okLrqdyk osQ uewus fp=kkas esa cuok,AmlosQ ckn ckn'kkg vkSjaxtsc xíh ij cSBkA bls fp=kdyk esa dksbZfo'ks"k jQfp ugha FkhA bl nkSjku mlosQ vkSj mlosQ v/hu jktkvksa osQnjckjh fp=kdkjksa dks dke feyuk eqf'dy gqvkA fiQj /hjs&/hjs ;sfp=kdkj fgUnw jktiwr jktkvksa osQ vkJ; esa pys x,A ;g i<+rs gq,le> esa vkrk gS fd jktk&egkjktkvksa us viuh&viuh ilan osQvuqlkj fp=kdkjksa ls fp=k cuok,A blfy, ;g fp=kdkjh njckjhdyk dgykrh gSA

jktiwr y?kqfp=k 'kSyh

jk/k&Ñ".k okyk fp=k dkiQh laqnj gS u\ ;g fp=k jktiwr y?kq'kSyhosQ fd'kux<+ uked mi&'kSyh dk gSA jktiwr 'kSyh eq[; :i ls nksfgLlksa esa caVh gqbZ gSA igyk izdkj gS jktLFkkuh y?kq'kSyhA blesa HkhvkSj mi&izdkj gaSA bu mi&izdkjksa osQ uke muosQ izns'kksa osQ uke osQvuqlkj j[ks x, gSaµ tSls esokM+] cwanh] t;iqj] tks/iqj] fd'kux<+]dksVk bR;kfnA nwljk izeq[k izdkj gS igkM+h y?kqfp=k 'kSyhA blosQmi&izdkj gSa c'kksyh] oqQyq] xqysj] tEew] dkaxM+k] x<+oky vkfnAbuesa ls oqQN uke tkus&igpkus yxrs gSa u\ gks ldrk gSA vkf[kj ;s

Hkh rks Hkw&izns'kksa osQ gh uke gaSA

bu lHkh 'kSfy;ksa esa FkksM+k&cgqr iQoZQ gS] ftlosQ dkj.k gemldks vyx ls igpku ldrs gSaA blosQ ckjs esa ge vf/d foLrkjls ugha lkspsaxsA ysfdu FkksM+h tkudkjh ysuk vko';d gSA jktLFkkuh'kSYkh esa ckgjh js[kk,a xgjh gksrh gSaA fp=k dh jaxlaxfr rstLoh gSµfcYoqQy jktLFkkuh yksxksa dh ixM+h dh rjg] muosQ ?kk?kjs vkSj pksyhosQ jaxksa dh rjgA igkM+h fp=k'kSyh esa uktqd js[kk,a] lkSE; jaxlaxfrfn[kkbZ nsrh gSµ oqQYyw] tEew ;k fgekpy osQ 'kkar BaMs ekSle osQtSlhA ets dh ckr ;g gS fd jktiwr y?kqfp=k 'kSyh osQ fo"k; eqxy

15

y?kqfp=k 'kSyh ls fcYoqQy gh fHk gSaA bl y?kqfp=k 'kSyh esaxhr&xksfoUn] Hkkxor iqjk.k tSls jk/kÑ".k osQ izsedkO; ij vk/kfjrfp=k fn[krs gSaA bruk gh ugha] buesa jkxekyk (Hkkjrh; laxhr osQ jkxksaosQ Hkko)] ckjgeklk] uk;d&ukf;dk Hksn ij vk/kfjr fp=k gaSAjktiwr y?kqfp=k 'kSyh izÑfr] L=kh&iq#"k dh izse Hkkoukvksa] HkfDr&jldks egÙoiw.kZ ekurh gSA

;gka fn;k x;k ;g fp=k fd'kux<+ 'kSyh dk gSA jk/k vkSj Ñ".kdk ;g fp=k HkfDr&jl dk vkfo"dkj dg ldrs gSaA blesa fn[kkbZxbZ jk/k dks ^cuhBuh* Hkh dgrs gSaA ^cuhBuh* vFkkZr~ lt/t djrS;kj gqbZ prqj L=khA fd'kux<+ osQ jktk lkoar flag [kqn Ñ".kHkDrFksA og [kqn ,d mRÑ"V dfo Hkh FksA mUgksaus ^ukxjhnkl* miuke lsizse&dkO; fy[ksA mudh izs;lh mudh lkSrsyh eka dh nklh Fkh] ftlsos I;kj ls ^cuhBuh* dgrs FksA lkoar flag osQ njckjh fp=kdkjksa usjktk osQ dkO; ij vk/kfjr fp=k cuk,A mlesa dkO;kuq:i vius jktkdks Ñ".k :i esaa vkSj mudh izs;lh dks jk/k :i esa fpf=kr djosQ]muosQ HkfDr&izse dks vtj&vej dj fn;kA cuhBuh jkèkk dk psgjkns[kas rks pkSM+k eLrd] yEch >qdh gqbZ vka[ksa] muosQ fdukjs dh deytSlh xqykch NVk] èkuq"k dh vkÑfr okyh HkkSagsa] xkykas ij ygjkrh

jk/k vkSj Ñ".k] ekè;e& dkxt ij uSlfxZd jax] fp=kdkj&fugkypan

16

ckyksa dh yVas] lh/h yach ukd] irys gksBksa ij eqLoqQjkrk dksey psgjkAjk/k dk ;g psgjk cgqr gh eksgd fn[krk gSA mlosQ ifj/ku] eksfr;ksaosQ xgus] mldh ckjhfd;ka] lqugjh uDdk'kh okyh ikjn'kZd pqujhµmldh eksgdrk dks vkSj c<+krs gSaA Ñ".k rks ewyr% nsork Lo:i gaSAmudk Hkh pkSM+k ekFkk] dey dh vkÑfr okyh HkkSagsa] dey tSlhvka[ksa] lh/h ukd] uktqd guqoVh] laosnu'khy gksBksa ij fn[kk;k x;kÑ".k gkL;] osQlfj;k jax dh [kwclwjr ixM+hµ Ñ".k dk ;g jktl:i] jk/kÑ".k dk ,d&nwljs dh vksj ns[kuk] ;g lc mfpr izse&HkkoukO;Dr djrk gSA cuhBuh osQ ckjs esa ,d vkSj ckr gSA blosQ gkL; dhrqyuk fyvksuknksZ&nk&foaph osQ eksukfylk* ls dh tkrh gSA bls Hkkjrh;eksukfylk* Hkh dgk x;k gSA vkius eksukfylk* dk fp=k ns[kk gS\ ugha\rks t:j nsf[k, vkSj crkb, vkidks D;k yxrk gS\

okjyh fp=kdykD;k vkidks ,slk yxrk gS fd ;g xksy vkSj f=kdks.kh balku vkiusdgha ns[ks gSa\ 'kk;n gks ldrk gSA vktdy ;s fp=k cMs+&cM+sljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa esa] migkj&x`gksa esa vkSj cM+s&cM+s ?kjksa esa Hkh fn[kusyxs gSaA ;g ^okjyh fp=kdyk* gSA vly esa fHkecsVdk dh vkfnefp=kdkjh ls tqM+h gqbZ] vkfne fp=kdyk ijEijk] Hkkjr osQ vyx&vyxizns'kksa esa vkt Hkh ekStwn gSA laFkky] xksaM+] okjyhµ bUgha esa ls oqQNgSaA egkjk"Vª osQ Fkkus ftys esa ;g okjyh fp=kdkjh dbZ o"kks± ls 'kq:gSA ysfdu bldh [kkst gky gh osQ oqQN lkyksa esa gqbZA Jh HkkLdjoqQyd.khZ uked fp=kdkj us ;g fp=kdkjh iwjh nqfu;k osQ lkeus ykbZFkhA okjyh lekt vkt Hkh vkfnekuo dk thou gh O;rhr dj jgkgSA okjyh ?kjksa esa vkt Hkh R;kSgkjksa osQ cgkus vkSjrksa }kjk nhokjksa ijfp=k cukus dh izFkk gSA ;gka ikjEifjd izFkk ls rks fL=k;ka fp=k cukrhgSa] ij ;g lqudj rkTtqc gksxk fd muosQ vPNs fp=kdkj osQ rkSj ij]ftls jk"Vªifr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gS] ^thO;k lksE;kEg'kk* uked iq#"k fp=kdkj gSA

17

okjyh yksx xkscj ;kxs# ls nhokjksa dh iqrkbZ djrsgSaA fiQj mlij pkoy osQxhys vkVs ls fp=k cukrs gSaAbuosQ ?kjksa osQ lkeus [ktwjosQ isM+ gksrs gaSA blh isM+dk dkaVk os fp=k cukus osQfy, bLrseky djrs gSaA igysbudk lkjk thou taxy esa[kkuk tek djrs gq, chrrkFk kA vktdy ;s yk sxFkksM+h&cgqr [ksrh djus yxsgSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd buosQfp=kksa esa isM+] iaNh] ckny] [ksr] fcPNw] lkai] dhV] igkM+] igkM+ksa ijcuk eafnj vkSj Hkxoku Hkh gksrs gSaA xksykdkj [kM+s gq, yksx vkSjchpkas&chp rkjik ok| ctkus okyk iq#"kµ ;g okjyh fp=k dk lclsizfl¼ vkdkj gSA ;g okjyh u`R; dk fp=k gSA iwue dh jkr esa ;syksx ^rkjik* uked lkewfgd u`R; djrs gSaA okjyh vkfne yksxizÑfr esa jgdj izÑfr osQ gh fp=k cukrs gSaA vki buosQ cuk, fp=kns[ksaA fp=k esa fn[kkbZ xbZ izÑfr dh ckjhfd;ksa dk vkuUn t:jyhft,A dhM+s] eksj osQ lqUnj vkdkj] ?kjksa osQ vukt esa yxs pwgs]chp esa gh Hkkxus okyk fgj.k] isM+ ij cSBs eksj dk f'kdkjµ ,slhdbZ NksVh&NksVh ckjhfd;ka vkidks fn[kasxhA vktdy buosQ xkao esajsyxkM+h] Vªd] oxSjk vkus&tkus yxs gSaA blhfy, ;s vkÑfr;ka HkhbuosQ fp=kksa esa fn[kus yxh gSaA ;g lc fp=k esa <wa<+uk okdbZ etsnkjvuqHko gksrk gSA ,slk gh vuqHko xksaM+] laFkky fp=k <wa<+us esa gksrk gSA

iê ðfp=k ns[kkckHkkjr tSls cgqjaxh] cgq<axh vkSj cgqHkkf"kd ns'k esa lfn;ksa ls vusd

okjyh fp=k (egkjk"Vª)ekè;e&xs# ij pkoy dk vkVk

18

ijaijk,a jgh gaSA vkfne dyk ijaijkvksa osQ lkFk ;gka yksd ijaijk,aHkh gaSA iê ðfp=k] dyedkjh] e/qcuhµ ;s ,slh gh oqQN yksd ijaijk,agSaA xkao esa jgus okys yksxksa dks 'kk;n iê ðfp=k ekywe gksxkA iê ðfp=kfdlh dFkk ij vk/kkfjr fp=k& Üka[kyk gksrh gSA vkerkSj ij jkek;.k]egkHkkjr] Ñ".k xkFkk blosQ fo"k; gksrs gSaA iê ðfp=k fufeZfrvktdy cgqr gh de gks xbZ gSA ysfdu bldh izLrqfr vkt Hkhvusd xkaoksa eas gksrh gSA fdlh ,d jkr esa xkao dh fL=k;ka] cPps]iq#"k bdêòk gksrs gaSA fdlh ?kj ;k eafnj dk cM+k&lk vkaxu yksxksa lsHkj tkrk gSA dykdkj iê ðfp=k ysdj vkrk gSA nh, osQ mtkys esadykdkj ,d&,d fp=k izLrqr dj xkus yxrk gSA xkuk jQdrs ghdFkk 'kq: gks tkrh gSA xkuk] fiQj dFkkµ ,sls dFkk vkxs c<+rh gSAvkt dk flusek ;k ,sfues'ku fiQYe dk ;g 'kqjQvkrh :i gSA

laFkky ijxuk esa bldks tknwiVqvk* dgrs gSaA caxky esa iêðns[kkck*]jktLFkku esa ^iV* rks egkjk"Vª esa ;g ^fp=kdFkh* osQ uke ls tkuktkrk gSA mM+hlk] xqtjkr] vka/zizns'k esa Hkh ;g iêðfp=k ijaijk gSA bulHkh 'kSfy;ksa esa FkksM+k cgqr iQoZQ gSA egkjk"Vª dh fp=kdFkk dkxt ijcukbZ tkrh gSA

ekè;e&diM+k] dkxt ij uSlfxZd jax (iVfp=k&vksfM+;k)

19

Hkkjr osQ ckdh txg ij iê ðfp=k diM+s ij cuk, tkrs gSaAdiM+s ij cuk, bl fp=k dks xksykdkj yisVdj j[krs gSaA dkxt ijcus fp=k dks ,d osQ mQij ,d j[krs gaSA iê ðfp=k osQ fy, iwjs Hkkjresa izko`Qfrd jaxksa dk bLrseky gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh ;gn`';&JO; dyk&ijaijk cM+h gh vkd"kZd gSA ;g lc i<+dj D;kvkidks ugha yxrk fd vki Hkh vius vkl&ikl osQ iê ðfp=k <wa<+djmuosQ dykdkjksa osQ lkFk mudh izLrqfr ns[krs gq, dksbZ jkr xqtkjsa\

dyedkjh fp=k

iêðfp=k dh rjg dyedkjh* Hkh diM+s ij cukbZ tkusokyh fp=k&ijaijkgSA ;g eq[;r% vkaèkz dh fp=k&ijaijk osQ fp=k gSa] tks ogka osQ eafnjksa esayxk, tkrs gSaA dyedkjh 'kCn ^dye* (iQkjlh) 'kCn ls vk;k gSAdye vFkkZr~ ys[kuhA lwrh diM+s ij dye ls fp=k cuk, tkrs gSaAfp=k esa ys[kuh dk bLrseky gksus ls ;gka js[kkvksa dk egÙo vf/d gSA;g ys[kuh [ktwj ;k ckal dh ydM+h ls curh gSA js[kkadu osQ fy,uqdhyh] rks jax&dk;Z osQ fy, xksykdkj ys[kuh cukbZ tkrh gSA bu fp=kksaosQ ijaijkxr fo"k; lgt :i ls iqjk.k&dFkkvksa ij vk/kfjr gaSA mQijosQ fp=k esa Ñ".k&vtqZu dk laokn gSA bu fp=kksa esa e;kZfnr jaxlaxfr dk

bLrseky gksrk gSA nsorkvksaosQ fp=k uhys] ekuokÑfrihys vkSj jk{kl yky jax lsfn[kk, tkrs gSaA vktdyikjaifjd dyedkjh ls cM+hfp=k jpuk,a cukus okysdkjhxj de gks x, gSaAysfdu vkt Hkh cM+h nqdkuksaesa iwQyiÙkksa dh dyedkjhokys csM'khV] oqQrsZ&iStkes]ijns vkfn diM+s ns[kus dks

feyrs gSaAdyedkjh fp=k (vka/zizns'k)

ekè;e&diM+s ij jax

20

e/qcuh fp=k 'kSyh^fefFkyk* dk uke vkius jkek;.k esa i<+k gksxkA fefFkyk izns'k fcgkjesa gSA blh fefFkyk dh dyk dks e/qcuh dgrs gSaA blosQ eq[;fo"k; jkek;.k ij vk/fjr gksrs gaSA ewyr% e/qcuh fp=k ?kjksa ij cursgSaA iwtk?kj] cSBd[kkuk (esgeku tgka cSBrs gSa) vkSj 'kknh dk dejk,slh rhu txgksa ij fp=k cukus dh ijaijk gSA vktdy dkxt ijHkh fp=k cuk, tkrs gSaA bu fp=kksa esa Hkh yksd fp=k&ijaijk tSlsizko`Qfrd jaxksa dk bLrseky gksrk gSA ,d vkSj ets dh ckr ;g gS fdjax lrg ij Bhd ls fpiosQ] blosQ fy, blesa cdjh osQ nw/ vkSjccwy osQ isM+ osQ fpd dk feJ.k fd;k tkrk gSA fefFkyk dhfp=kÑfr esa vkt Hkh ?kjksa esa cukbZ xbZ owQfp;ksa dk gh bLrseky djrsgSaA jax&ysiu vkSj ckjhfd;ka fn[kkus dk lkfgR; mruk fodflr ughagSA 'kk;n blhfy, bu fp=kksa dk xzkeh.k ygtk vkt Hkh dk;e gSAvktdy bu fp=kksa dh fons'kksa esa cM+h ekax gSA blfy, Hkkjrh;dkjhxjksa osQ esyksa vkSj cktkjksa esa ,sls fp=k ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA

e/qcuh fp=k (fcgkj)

21

Hkkjrh; ledkyhu fp=kdyk(vktknh osQ igys vkSj ckn dh Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk)

ledkyhu vFkkZr~ vkt dkA geus vkfne vkSj yksdfp=kdyk Hkhns[khA lkyksa&lky viuh fof'k"Vrkvksa osQ lkFk budk fuekZ.k gksrkjgk gSA ij dyk izokg viuk ewyLo:i dk;e j[kdj n`'; izokgcnyrk jgk gSµ tSls vtark osQ cq¼fp=k] eqxy y?kqfp=k vkSj jktiwrfp=k 'kSyhA

17 oha 'krh esa Hkkjr esa bZLV bafM;k daiuh dk vkxeu gqvkAO;kikj m|ksx osQ fy, vk;h gqbZ bl oaQiuh us /hjs&/hjs ;gka osQjktdkt vkSj lektdkt esa Hkh viuk iSj ilkjuk 'kq: fd;kA cknesa iwjs Hkkjr ij gh dCtk fd;kA Hkkjr dks viuh Lora=krk osQ fy,cM+k la?k"kZ djuk iM+kA 1947 esa Hkkjr fiQj ls vktkn gqvkA blnkSjku dk bfrgkl lHkh dks Kkr gSA Hkkjr dh Lora=krk osQ iwoZ vkSji'pkr dh fp=kdyk blh bfrgkl ls lacaf/r gSA bfrgkl dk ukelqudj ?kcjkb, erA ;g iwjk bfrgkl fp=ke; gSA ij bls ns[krs oDrla;e ls jQddj fopkj t:j djuk iMs+xkA

geus 17 oha 'krh rd dh y?kqfp=k 'kSyh ns[khA bl 'krh rdbZLV bafM;k oaQiuh us viuh tMa+s iwjs Hkkjr eas iSQyk yh FkhaA bloaQiuh osQ vf/dkfj;ksa osQ lkFk vk, gq, fp=kdkjksa us ;gka osQizkÑfrd n`';] ;gka dh tkfr;ksa osQ m|ksx vkSj O;olk;] muosQ fp=k]vkSj jgu&lgu rFkk jktk&egkjktkvksa dk O;fDr fp=k cukuk 'kq:fd;k FkkA Hkkjrh; fp=kdkjksa us blls igys iQksVks tSls fn[kus okys]Nk;kizdk'k fn[kkus okys fp=k ns[ks gh ugha FksA y?kqfp=k 'kSyh laqnjFkh] ij mlesa y;nkj js[kk,a] likV jax&ysiu Fkk vkSj fo"k; Hkhjk/kÑ".k osQ FksA [kqn dk Hkh fp=k cuk ldrs gSaµ Hkkjrh; fp=kdkjksasdks bldk igyh ckj ,glkl gqvkA ;gka ls Hkkjrh;ksa dks ;FkkFkZoknhfp=k&'kSyh dh vkl yxhA vkt Hkh vxj dksbZ vkidk fp=k cuk,rks vkidks vPNk gh yxrk gSA gS u\

22

17 oha 'krh osQ eè; esa fp=kdyk ls lacaf/r vkSj ,d ?kVuk?kVhA enzkl] dydÙkk] eqacbZ vkSj ykgkSj esa dyk&f'k{kk nsus okyhlaLFkk,a fczfV'k ekxZn'kZu esa 'kq: gqb±A mldk ifj.kke vkiosQ lEeq[kgSA Hkkjr dh ikjaifjd fp=kdyk fufeZfr BaMh gks xbZA Hkkjrh;fp=kdyk fczfV'k i¼fr ls nh tkus okyh f'k{kk ysus yxsA blesa;FkkFkZoknh fp=k.k oSQls djas] ;FkkFkZ n`'; esa ikl vkSj nwj dh phtsaoSQls fn[kk,a] oLrq ij fn[kus okys Nk;k&izdk'k vkSj ekSle dkifj.kke oSQls fn[kk,a] ;g lc fl[kk;k tkrk FkkA Hkkjrh; fp=kdkjksaus igys dHkh blosQ ckjs esa lkspk ugha FkkA Hkkjrh; fp=kdkj buckgjh phtksa dh ctk; vkRek] eu] tSls fo"k; ij fp=kfufeZfr djrsFksA ;gka ls gekjh fp=kfufeZfr esa iwjk cnyko vk;kA

jktk jfo oekZjktk jfo oekZ Hkkjr osQ izfl¼ fp=kdkjksa esa lcls izeq[k uke gSAbudk tUe 1847 esa osQjy osQ fdYyheUuqj xkao esa gqvkA Hkkjr esadyk f'k{k.k 'kq: gksus dk ;g le; FkkA jfo oekZ osQ ekek fp=kdkjFksA jktk jfo oekZ dk izkFkfed f'k{k.k muosQ blh ekek osQ iklgqvkA vkxs Hkh budk dyk f'k{k.k fdlh Hkh dyk laLFkku esa ughagqvkA os [kqn vius&vki gh fp=kdyk lh[krs x,A =kko.kdksj laLFkkuesa vkus okys fczfV'k fp=kdkjksa osQ fp=k.k dk os ckjhdh ls fujh{k.kdjrs FksA =kko.kdksj osQ nhoku ek/ojko us jktk jfo oekZ dksfp=kdkjh osQ fy, izksRlkfgr fd;kA

jktk jfo oekZ us jko.k&tVk;q ;q¼] Ñ".k&f'k"VkbZ] Ñ".k&cyjke]uy&ne;arh] 'koaqQryk] eRL;xaèkk tSls ikSjkf.kd fo"k; ij fp=k cuk,AblosQ fy, bLrseky fd;k gqvk oSQuokl vkSj rSyjax ekè;e ik'pkR;FksA muosQ }kjk cuk;k gqvk osQjy L=kh dk fp=k ^uk;j laqnjh* osQ ukels cM+k gh e'kgwj gSA 1873 esa ^f'kdkxks* dh izn'kZuh esa muosQ 10fp=k pqus x, FksA ml le; fons'k tkuk vkSj vius fp=k iznf'kZrdjuk mruk vklku ugha FkkA cgqr gh yack vkSj egaxk liQj Fkk vkSj

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dbZ lkjh dfBukb;ka gksrh FkhaAij jktk jfo oekZ us ;g djfn[kk;k FkkA ik'pkR; ns'kksa esavius fp=k iznf'kZr djus okys;s igys Hkkjrh; fp=kdkj FksA

jktk jfo oekZ dk bl{ks=k esa ,d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ; k s xn ku g S A og g S^vksfy;ksxzkiQ* dh fufeZfrAvksfy;ksxzkiQ eqnzk&fp=k.k dkizdkj gSA vkt oSQysaMj ;kfp=k dk eqnz.k ftruk vklkugS] mruk fodflr ra=kKku mloDr ugha FkkA mUgksaus teZuhls ml oDr dk fodflr ra=k Kku Hkkjr esa yk;k vkSj eqacbZ esa ,dNikbZ izsl 'kq: fd;kA ogka mUgksaus vius fp=kksa dk eqnz.k djosQmldh izfr;ka fudkyhaA ;s dkWfi;ka vke yksx Hkh vklkuh ls [kjhnlosaQ] ,slh dherksa esa csphaA oSQuOkkl ij cuk ewy fp=k [kjhnuklkekU; yksxksa osQ cl esa ugha FkkA ij mudk ilanhnk fp=k muosQ iklgks] blfy, ;g vPNk mik; FkkA Hkkjr osQ vke yksxksa osQ ?kjksa esajktk jfo oekZ osQ fp=k igqapus dk ;gh dkj.k FkkA

;gka fn;k x;k jfo oekZ dk fp=k y?kqfp=k 'kSyh osQ Ñ".k vkSjvtark osQ cq¼ ls fcYoqQy gh vyx gSA bldk dkj.k ;FkkFkZokn gSA;g igys osQ fp=kksa esa ugha FkkA ;FkkFkZokn vFkkZr okLro esa tSlkfn[ksxk oSlk gh] gqcgw! bl fp=k esa ikaMoksa dk nwr cudj dkSjoksa osQnjckj esa x, gq, JhÑ".k dk fp=k.k gSA Ñ".k dk tks'k vkSj dkSjoksadk vgadkj nksuksa Hkkoukvksa dk feyki bl fp=k esa fn[kk;k x;k gSAfp=k dh jpuk ,sls dh xbZ gS] ekuks vly esa njckj Hkjk gksAjktnjckj dk fp=k gksus osQ dkj.k] njckjh yksxksa osQ v/ksoL=k] eqoqQV

Ñ".k f'k"VkbZ] ekè;e& oSQuokl ijrSy jax] fp=kdkj& jktk jfo oekZ

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vkSj nwljs xgus] njckj dh okLrq] ';ke o.kZ Ñ".k ij fof'k"V fn'kkesa fn[kk, x, izdk'k dh otg ls Nk;k&izdk'k dk ,d vuwBk [ksyfn[krk gSA ;wjksfi;u 'kSyh dk ;FkkFkZoknh fp=k.k djus dk ;ghdyk&ra=k jktk jfo oekZ us vkRelkr dj fy;k FkkA vkt vki muosQcuk, ewy fp=k osQjy osQ jk"Vªh; dyk laxzgky; esa vkSj cM+kSnk osQl;kthjko xk;dokM+ osQ jktegy esa ns[k ldrs gSaA jfo oekZ osQfp=kksa dks feyh izflf¼ osQ dkj.k gh mUgsa ^fp=kdkjksa dk jktk* vkSj^jktkvksa dk fp=kdkj jktk jfo oekZ* dgk tkrk gSA

f=kankn;g fp=k fp=kdkj f=kankn dk gSA 19 oha 'krh osQ vkf[kj esa vkSj 20oha 'krh osQ 'kq: esa eqacbZ dykdkjksa dk izeq[k osQUnz FkkA lj ts-ts-LowQy vkWiQ vkVZ esa ml oDr Hkkjr Hkj ls vusd dykdkj vkdjdyk lh[k jgs FksA f=kankn ,sls gh ,d xkao ls vk, gq, fp=kdkj FksAbuosQ fp=kksa esa muosQ xksok dhik'oZHkwfe dh >yd fn[krh gSAbZlkbZ] iqrZxkyh yksx xksok esacM+h la[;k esa FksA blfy, ogkaosQ pky&pyu] R;kSgkj] mRlovkSj nSuafnu pky&pyu ijmldh Nki utj vkrh gSAfiQMy ,d ;wjksfi;u ok| gSA;g ok| ctkus okyk ,d okndblesa fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA mldkpsgjk] Ropk ij yky jax dhvkHkk vkSj mldk igukokHkkjrh; laLÑfr dk ugha gSµ;g ns[krs gh irk pyrk gSAva/sjs ,dkar esa cSBk gqvk oknd

fiQMyj] ekè;e& oSQuokl ijrSyjax] fp=kdkj& f=kankn

25

rUe;rk ls ok| idM+s gSA f=kankn us Nk;k&izdk'k ls ,d vyx ghokrkoj.k dh fufeZfr dh gSA muosQ jax&ysiu esa jaxkas osQ LVªksDl jktkjfo oekZ osQ fp=kksa esa ugha fn[ksaxsA ;g eqDr jax&ysiu fczfV'kvdkneh ls izHkkfor FkkA fczfV'k vdknfed 'kSyh osQ ;FkkFkZokn dkeqacbZ osQ fp=kdkjksa ij oSQlk vlj Fkk] bldk ;g vPNk mnkgj.k gSA

vouhUnzukFk VSxksj;g ml oDr dk fp=k gS tc Hkkjr dh Lora=krk osQ fy, Lons'khdk vfHk;ku tksj idM+ jgk FkkA vius ns'k esa cuus okyh oLrqvksa dkgh fopkj djuk gSµ ;g fopkj ^Lons'kh* vkanksyu osQ ekè;e lslkeus vk;kA jk"VªkfHkeku txkus dk iz;kl 'kq: gqvkA ^Losn'kh*vkanksyu us Hkkjr esa bfrgkl jpkA ,slk gh ,d iwjd vkanksyu caxkyesa 'kq: gqvk] ftlls ^caxky LowQy* ;k ^caxky 'kSyh* dgk x;kAcaxky 'kCn gksus osQ ckotwn bldk osQoy caxky izkar ls laca/ ughaFkkA bldk laca/ Fkk osQoy Hkkjrh;rk lsAvouhUnzukFk VSxksj bl vkanksyu osQ mn~xkrkFksA ;g loZifjfpr johUnzukFk VSxksj osQHkrhts FksA

vouhUnzukFk dh VSxksj ?kjkus dh lqjf{krvkSj lqf'kf{kr i`"BHkwfe FkhA os mPpfo|kfoHkwf"kr FksA Lokeh foosdkuan] vkuanoqQekjLokeh] cgu fuosfnrk] johUnzukFk VSxksjµbruk gh ugha] egkRek xka/h us Hkh ;wjksfi;udyk dk fojks/ fd;k FkkA vouhUnzukFk dkbu foHkwfr;ksa osQ lkFk lh/k laca/ Fkk vkSjmUgksaus ^caxky LowQy* osQ vkanksyu dh'kqjQvkr dhA og lky Fkk 1895 dkAvouhUnzukFk [kqn ,d fp=kdyk f'k{kd FksA^dydÙkk LowQy vkWiQ vkVZ* vkSj 'kkafr

Hkkjrekrkekè;e& dkxt ij ty]fp=kdkj&vouhUnzukFkVSxksj

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fuosQru osQ ^dykHkou* esa mUgksaus fo|knku dk dk;Z fd;kA uanykycksl] vflr oqQekj gy/j] osQ- O;adVIik] f{krasnzukFk etwenkj tSlsdykdkjksa dh ,d ih<+h dk mUgksaus fuekZ.k fd;kA uanyky cksl usvkxs pydj Hkkjrh; dyk esa cM+k ;ksxnku fn;kA gfjiqjk dkaxzsl osQvf/os'ku esa E;qjy ;kfu nhokj fp=k cukus osQ fy, mUgsa vkeaf=krfd;k x;k FkkA

vouhUnzukFk dk f'k{kd osQ :i esa ;ksxnku egÙoiw.kZ gS gh]ysfdu os ,d mÙke fp=kdkj Hkh FksA ^Hkkjrekrk* mudh 'kSyh dkmÙke mnkgj.k gSA vouhUnzukFk osQ fp=kfo"k; vjch;u ukbZV~l] mej[kÕ;ke] lkfgR; vkSj Hkkjrh; iqjk.k&dFkkvksa ij vk/kfjr gaSA bufo"k;ksa ij muosQ vusd fp=k izfl¼ gSaA ysfdu Hkkjrekrk dk ;gfp=k mlls cgqr gh vyx gS] fiQj Hkh ;g egRoiw.kZ dykÑfr gSAHkkjr tSls cgqHkkf"kd lkaLÑfrd ns'k esa Hkkjrh;rk dh ,d gh izfrekfn[kkuk vklku ugha FkkA mÙkj ls nf{k.k rd vkSj iwjc ls if'pe rdfofo/ os'kHkw"kk gSA ,d ,slh os'kHkw"kk] 'kjhj dk <kapk] ,d ,slk :irS;kj djuk tks Hkkjr osQ fdlh ,d izns'k dk ugha] cfYd iwjs Hkkjrdk gksµ ,d vR;ar eqf'dy dke FkkA vouhUnzukFk us bl eqf'dydke dks fd;kA bl fp=k esa Hkkjrekrk dh vkÑfr vLi"V] /qa/yhik'oZHkwfe ls /hjs&/hjs mQij vk jgh gS] ,slk vkHkkl gksrk gSA mlusosQlfj;k oL=k&ifj/ku /kj.k fd, gSaA gkFk esa ekyk o xzaFk tSls vk;q/gaSA ;s vk;q/ fgald ugha gSa] cfYd vfgalk dk voyac djus okys gaSAmlosQ oL=k fdlh fof'k"V izns'k osQ ugha gaSA os iwjs Hkkjr dkizfrfuf/Ro djrs gaSA ,d L=kh osQ :i esa ;g Hkkjrh;rk dk lqyHkn';:i gSA

johUnzukFk VSxksjjohUnzukFk VSxksj dk uke vf/drj yksxksa dks lkfgR;dkj osQ :i esaekywe gSA 'kkafr fuosQru vkSj johUnzukFk VSxksj dk ,d&nwljs ls vVwVfj'rk gSA bfrgkl dh fdrkcksa esa johUnzukFk fp=kdkj Fks] ,slk i<+us

27

dks feyrk gS_ ysfdu muosQ fp=k vf/drj dgha ns[kus dks ughafeyrs gSaA bldk izeq[k dkj.k gS fd johUnzukFk us 65 lky dh mezesa xaHkhjrk ls fp=k cukuk 'kq: fd;kA muosQ tks oqQN fxus&pqus fp=kgSa os 'kkafr fuosQru osQ dyknkyku esa ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA 'kkafrfuosQru osQ euksgkjh okrkoj.k esa pIiy fudkydj ge ogka osQdyknkyku esa izos'k djrs gSa vkSj johUnz laxhr dh rky ij fFkjdrhgqbZ johUnzukFk dh lgt lqanj dyk&Ñfr;ka gekjs lEeq[k gksrh gaSA

johUnzukFk VSxksj lkfgfR;d vkSj rRoK FksA fnuHkj os [kwcfy[krs FksA fy[krs&fy[krs dbZ 'kCn feVk, tkrs rks dHkh dksbZfopkj&iw.kZ :i /kj.k djus rd os viuh gh /qu esa [kks tkrs FksAmlh dkxt ij xhxhZVk (;kfu isu ls mQy&tywy vko`Qfr;ka) tkrkFkkA ;gh 'kCn feVkrs gq, vkSj xhxhZVk gqvk tksM+dj fp=k cu tkrkgSA ;g ckr ,d ckj muosQ è;ku esa vkbZA fiQj D;k] vkSj cgqr lkjsfp=k cuus yxsA jkst u,&u, fp=kA fp=k cukuk vkSj jax Hkjuk vyx

'kh"kZdghu] ekè;e&dkxt ij L;kgh] fp=kdkj& johUnzukFk VSxksj

28

ugha FkkA fy[kkbZ osQ dksjs dkxt] L;kgh] ys[kuhµ ;gh muosQ fp=kosQ ekè;e FksA mlh ls fy[kuk] mlh ls fp=k cukuk vkSj jax HkjukHkh mlh lsA bu fp=kksa osQ fo"k; vf/drj eu osQ dkYifudvkdkj] vklikl dh vkSjrsa] cPpksa osQ nq[kh psgjs gksrs FksA johUnzukFkdk laosnu'khy eu nq[kh eu dh vksj f[kap tkrk vkSj muosQ fp=kksaesa og O;Dr gksrk FkkA os dgrs Fks] ¶eSa fu.kZ; ysdj fp=k ughacukrk] fp=k cukrs&cukrs izfrek,a vkdkj ysrh gaSA¸ ;g i<+djyxrk gS fd vc ge Hkh csf>>d xhxhZVk ldrs gSaA mls dksbZ fp=kdgs ;k u dgsA

tkfeuh jkW;tkfeuh jkW; gSa caxky osQ fp=kdkjA ^caxky LowQy* ls budk izR;{klaca/ ugha Fkk] ij ;wjksih; fp=kdyk ls mcdj mls NksM+dj mUgksausu;k jkLrk viuk;kA [kqn dh ,d Lora=k 'kSyh cukbZA ;FkkFkZoknhfp=k.k i¼fr osQ dkj.k yksx ;wjksfi;u 'kSyh dh vksj vkdf"kZr gks jgsFks] ogha tkfeuh jkW; mlls D;ksa mdrk x,] ;g le>uk t:jh gSAmudk cpiu xqtjk caxky osQ ,d NksVs ls xkao esaA xjhc fdlku osQ?kj esa mudk tUe gqvkA ?kj esa iSls dh vehjh ugha Fkh] ij vkliklfuPNy] fu"iki yksx FksA izÑfr dh vehjh Fkh] R;kSgkj&mRlo Fks]ikjaifjd dFkk vkSj izFkk FkhA bUgha dh laxr esa os cM+s gq,A laFkky

laFkky u`R;] ekè;e& dkxt ij izko`Qfrd jax] fp=kdkj& tkfeuh jkW;

29

yksd thou] dkfy?kV fp=k&ijaijk dk muij dkiQh izHkko FkkA ,slsgkykr esa dyk egkfo|ky;h f'k{kk dk ijk;k yxuk LokHkkfod FkkAos xkao okil ykSV vk,A lgt&vklku vkdkj cukdj mlesa jaxHkjuk 'kq: fd;kA ;s jax Hkh uSlfxZd FksA xksy psgjk] eRL;kÑfrvka[ksa] /uq"kkÑfr HkkSagas] 'kjhj ij de ls de vkHkw"k.k] Bksl vkSjy;nkj ckgjh js[kk,a] likV jax&ysiuµ Hkkjrh; dyk dh fof'k"Vrkdks mUgksaus vius vH;kl ls u;k :i fn;kA laFkky nsgkrh efgyk,a]xzkeh.k f[kykSus] xzkeh.k tuthou] iqjk.kdFkkµ ;s muosQ fp=kksa osQfo"k; FksA tkfeuh jkW; dks johUnzHkkjrh fo|kihB us MkWDVjsV nsdjlEekfur fd;kA Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkh mUgsa iÁHkw"k.k iqjLdkj nsdjmuosQ ;ksxnku dks iz.kke fd;k gSA

ve`rk 'ksjfxyokjyh] e/qcuh tSlh dbZ fp=k ijaijk,aa geus ns[khaA ;gka dhefgykvksa us bu ijaijkvksa dks tru djosQ vkxs c<+k;k] ij mUgsaHkkjrh; L=kh fp=kdkj dh igpku ugha feyhA fdlh fof'k"V ifjfLFkfr;k izlax osQ ckjs esa mUgsa D;k yxrk gS] bu fp=kdrkZvksa us vius fp=kesa dgus dk iz;kl ugha fd;kA dgrs Hkh oSQls\ ,d rks ;s efgyk,ai<+h&fy[kh ugha Fkha vkSj nwljs ;g fd Hkkjr esa iqjQ"k&lÙkkRedlekt gSA ;gka L=kh dks [kqn dh jk; j[kus osQ fy, cgqr gh /S;Zfn[kkuk iM+rk FkkA bl i`"BHkwfe esa igyk efgyk uke lqukbZ fn;k1934 osQ cknA ;g uke Fkk ve`rk 'ksjfxyA

;gka vki tks fp=k ns[k jgs gSa mlesa lHkh vkSjrsa gSaA blesa Hkhos vkd"kZd vkSj lqanj ugha gSaA xkao dh lh/h&lknh vkSjrsa gSaA os urks jk/k gSa] u ukf;dk_ u ekrk gSa] u nsohA Hkkjrh; L=kh dk ml oDrdk izfrfcac blesa gSA ,slk D;ksa Fkk\

ve`rk 'ksjfxy dk tUe ;wjksi esa gqvkA muosQ firk fl[k vkSjekrk gaxsfj;u FkhaA mudh i<+kbZ ;wjksi esa gqbZ vkSj mUgksaus dyk f'k{kkdk ^eDdk* le>s tkus okys isfjl osQ vkVZ LowQy ls dyk dh f'k{kk

30

izkIr dhA LokHkkfod rkSj ij muosQ dk;Z eas ;wjksih; laLÑfr osQLiwQrZ vkSj Lora=k fopkj fn[krs FksA 1934 esa os ;wjksi ls Hkkjr ykSVhavkSj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh [kkst esa iwjs Hkkjr esa ?kwehaA Hkkjrh; Lora=krkvkanksyu osQ fopkjksa dks le>dj mUgksaus mlls ,d dne vkxs tkusdk iz;kl fd;kA

verk 'ksjfxy us jfo oekZ dh rjg oSQuokl vkSj rSyjaxksa dkbLrseky fd;kA bldh otg ;g Fkh fd os viuh Hkkouk,a bl ekè;eesa vf/d vPNh rjg ls O;Dr dj ldrh FkhaA ysfdu muosQfp=kfo"k; xzkeh.k tuthou ls lacaf/r jgsA mQij osQ fp=k dk uke gSÜkaxkj*A fp=k ns[kus ij le> esa vkrk gS fd L=kh dks mUgksaus osQoylqMkSy] lqanj] vkd"kZd ugha fn[kk;k gSA mUgksaus L=kh osQ vareZu rdigqapus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA ekuks ;s efgyk,a fdlh lgsyh ls ckr djjgh gkas] ,slh laosnu'khyrk dk Hkko muosQ fp=k esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;gfp=k ns[krs gq, gesa Hkh mlh laonsu'khyrk ls Ükaxkj djus okyh L=kh esa>kaduk iM+sxk Bhd ls] rHkh ge mldks le> losQaxsA

,e-,iQ- gqlSuvkius xtxkfeuh] ehuk{kh fiQYesa ns[kh gaS\ fp=kdkj ,e-,iQ- gqlSu

Ük`axkj djrh vkSjrsa ekè;e&oSQuokl ij rSyjax] fp=kdkj& ve`rk 'ksjfxy

31

dk uke bu fiQYeksa dh otg ls ?kj&?kj esa igqapkA fp=kdkj gqlSu dkcpiu cM+h xjhch esa xqtjkA ia<jiqj xkao ls eqacbZ vk;k gqvk ;gyM+dk pyfp=kksa osQ cM+s&cM+s b'rsgkj jaxrk FkkA vkxs izksxsflovkfVZLV xzqi ls mldk lacaèk gqvk vkSj blh ls mldk iwjk thoucny x;kA

izksxsflo vkfVZLV xzqi osQ ckjs esa crkuk ;gka cgqr t:jh gSAU;wVu lqtk] ,l-,- jtk] ,p-,- xkMs] lnkuan ckdjs vkSj ,e-,iQ-gqlSuµ bu lcus feydj 'kq:fd;k bl xzqi dksA ;g Lora=kHkkjr osQ dykdkjksa dk igyklaxBu FkkA blesa ls dbZ dykdkjfiQj fons'kksa esa LFkkfir gq,Axk;rksaMs] lkear] jk;ck] gtjuhl,sls oqQN dykdkj bl laxBuesa lgHkkxh gq,A bl xzqi osQjtk] gqlSu] vkSj xk;rksaMs dk;ksxnku egÙoiw.kZ jgk gSA

foy{ k. k c q f¼eÙ k k odYiuk&'kfDr vkSj cstksM+ esgurosQ cy ij fp=kdkj gqlSu dkO;fDrRo curk x;kA cpiu lsgh gksfMZax osQ cM+s vkdkjksa dksjaxus dh vknr dh otg lscM+k fp=k cukus dk ncko muosQeu esa dHkh vk;k gh ughaA 'kq:osQ fnuksa esa mUgksaus [kqn dh feêðhls] cpiu dh ;knksa ls] vktw&cktwosQ yksxksa ls izsfjr gksdj fp=kksadk fuekZ.k fd;kA vkxs pydj

?kksM+k] ekè;e oSQuokl ij rSyjax]fp=kdkj& ,e-,iQ- gqlSu

32

os jktdh;&lkekftd ?kVukvksa ij vk/kfjr fo"k; lacaf/r fp=kksa esaO;Dr djus yxsA enj Vsjslk] tehu] ljLorh] ?kksMs+ tSlh mudhfofo/ fp=k& Üka[kyk,a izfl¼ gSaA blesa ?kksM+s dh fp=k& Üka[kyk,a viuhjs[kkvkas vkSj jax&;kstuk osQ dkj.k dkiQh e'kgwj gqb±A vR;ar LiwQrZvkSj tks'kiw.kZ js[kk,a fp=k dh fof'k"Vrk,a gaSA ?kksM+s dk ;g fp=k blhÜka[kyk ls fy;k x;k gSA ?kksM+s dh jÝrkj] mldh rkdr] nkSM+rs oDrmlosQ Hkko] eqM+k gqvk iwjk 'kjhjµ ;g lc tksjnkj jax&ysiu lsmUgksaus [kwch ls fn[kk;k gSA fp=k ns[krs oDr eu esa loky vkrk gSfd ?kksM+s dh tks jÝrkj gS dgha mlh jÝrkj ls rks ;g fp=k cuk;kx;k ugha gksxk\

jtkHkkjrh; rRoKku vkSj vH;kl ls ftuosQ fopkj rS;kj gq, vkSj bufopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr ftuosQ fp=kksa ls gqbZ mUgha esa ls ,d gSa jtkAbl fdrkc dh 'kqjQvkr esa fcanq osQ ckjs esa geus i<+k gSA fcanq ls js[kkvkSj vkdkj rS;kj gksrs gSaA osQoy fp=kdyk gh ugha] lkjs fo'o dhmRifÙk fcanq ls gqbZ gSµ bl ladYiuk dk bUgksaus vH;kl fd;kA

ekè;e& oSQuokl ij rSyjax] fp=kdkj& jtk

33

izdk'k nsus okys lw;Z dk xksy] jkr osQ panzek dk xksy tSslh izfrek,abuosQ 'kq: osQ fp=kksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gaSA /hjs&/hjs lw;Z] panz tSlsfof'k"V lanHkZ tkdj osQoy fcanq ;k xksy vfLrRo osQ :iksa esa jtkosQ fp=kksa esa vkus yxsA lkFk gh f=kdks.k] pkSdksj tSls ewyHkwr vkdkjvkSj dHkh&dHkh bl lkjs ls tqM+k gqvk Hkkjrh; rRoKku dk dksbZ'yksdA ftls vki ns[k jgs gSa ;g fp=k Hkh ,sls gh fp=kksa esa ls ,dgSA bUgksaus tSls f=kdks.k] pkSdksj ewyHkwr vkdkjksa dh ;kstuk dh] oSlsgh yky] ihyk] uhyk tSls 'kq¼ jaxksa dk iz;ksx fd;kA budk cpiueqacbZ esa chrk vkSj egkfo|ky; dh i<+kbZ Hkh ogha gqbZA izksxzsflovkfVZLV xzqi osQ 'kq: osQ dykdkj lHkklnksa esa ls jtk Hkh ,ddykdkj FksA ckn esa os isfjl esa LFkkfir gks x,A vkt Hkh ;wjksi esajgdj os Hkkjrh; rRoKku ij vk/kfjr dyk&fufeZfr dj jgs gSaA

oh-,l- xk;rksaMsbl fdrkc dh 'kqjQvkr esageus vewrZ fp=k oSQls ns[kktk,] mls oSQls le>k tk,µblosQ ckjs esa FkksM+k&cgqr i<+kgSA Hkkjrh; dyk&bfrgkl esavewrZ fp=k'kSyh osQ fy,fp=kdkj xk;rksaMs cM+k ghtkuk&ekuk uke gSA tSlk fdgeus igys ns[kk gS] vewrZfp=kksa esa dksbZ igpkuus yk;dfof'k"V izfrek ugha gksrhA;g fp=k rks osQoy vkdkjksals curk gSA xk;rksaMs osQ 'kq:osQ fp=kksa dks NksM+dj yxHkxlHkh vewrZ fp=k gaSA budk fp=kdkj& oh-,l- xk;rksaMs

34

dyk f'k{k.k eqacbZ osQ lj ts-ts- dyk egkfo|ky; esa gqvk] ysfduckn esa os fnYyh esa jgus yxsA blh otg ls mudh deZHkwfe fnYyhjghA os dkiQh fparu vkSj euu djrs FksA mudk Hkkjrh; vè;kRevkSj ckS¼&tSu rRofoKku dk vH;kl FkkA blh vH;kl ls mudhfp=kfufeZfr gqbZ gSA fp=k cukus dh izfØ;k muosQ fy, ekuks lekf/{k.k dh vuqHkwfr gksrh FkhA fp=k vkSj muosQ fp=k&fopkj ,d:i gkstkrs FksA buosQ fp=kksa esa xgjs jax dh i`"BHkwfe ls /hjs&/hjs Li"V gksusokys vkdkj fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA Nkis x, fp=k js[kkadu dks vki cgqr nsjrd ns[krs jgsaxs rks vkidks vkdkjksa dk [ksy eglwl gksxkA FkksM+h ghnsj esa vki bl fp=k osQ ckjs esa Lora=krk ls lkspus yxsaxsA

euthr ckokHkkjrh; feFkdksa (iqjk.kdFkkosQ lanHkZ) osQ izfr vyxgh nf"Vdks.k gS euthr ckokdkA bldks bUgksaus viusfp=kksa osQ ekè;e ls O;Drfd;k gSA buosQ fp=kksa esansoh&nsorkvksa dh fofo/izfrek,a vfHkuo :i esafn[kkbZ nsrh gaSA mUgksaus 'kq¼yky jax dh i`"BHkwfe ij,d ikao okyh xk; vkSjNg gkFkksa okys Hkxoku dhvkÑfr;ksa dh jpuk dh gSA,slh fofp=krk&iw.kZ jpuk,amudh fp=k dh fufeZfr dhfo'ks"krk jgh gSA 'kq¼ jaxksadh ;kstuk tSls euthr ckok

/eZjkt is cSBs Ng gkFk okys Hkxokuekè;e& oSQuokl ij tyjax

fp=kdkj&euthr ckok

35

osQ fp=kksa dh [kkfl;r gS] oSls gh Hkkjrh; ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa osQ feFkddk vFkZ fudkydj mls vius fp=k esa izLrqr djuk HkhA Ñ".k] nqxkZ]f'ko] x.ks'k] guqeku tSls fofo/ fo"k;ksa ij muosQ }kjk cuk, x, fp=kizfl¼ gSaA

izHkkdj cjos^esa<s+* okyk fp=k izHkkdj cjos dh izfl¼ fdrkc ^dksjk oSQuokl* lsfy;k x;k gSA cjos osQ fp=kksa esa iRFkj] fejph] isM+] i'kq] cht] tSlsNksVh&cM+h oLrqvksa osQ vkdkj fn[krs gSaA ^fulxZ osQ ewyk{kj* ukedfp=k esa vHkh&vHkh tehu ls mQij vk;k gqvk uUgk ikS/k] isM+] iÙkk]iaNh] eNyh] iQy] iQwy tSls vusd vkdkj gSaA vkius dHkh vklekuesa gkFkh osQ vkdkj dk ckny ns[kk gS] ;k fiQj isM+ osQ iÙks tSlsfn[kus okyk eNyh dk vkdkj] ;k fiQj fdlh mcM+&[kkcM+ cknyesa psgjk\ ,sls dbZ vkHkklh vkdkj buosQ fp=kksa esa fn[krs gSaA izÑfrosQ izfr xgjh J¼k vkSj[kqn osQ fp=k ls lPps jgscjos us ^dksjk oSQuokl*uked fdrkc esa fy[kkgS] ¶ukfHk osQ ewy ls isafVaxdk tUe gksuk pkfg,A ogkals fudys vkdkj Hkw[kftrus gh lPps gksrs gSaA¸

Hkqisu [kDdjHkqisu [kDdj fp=kdkj osQ rkSj ij e'kgwj ugha FksA budk ftØ dykfopkjd vkSj leh{kd osQ rkSj ij gksrk gSA Hkqisu [kDdj xqtjkr izkarosQ egÙoiw.kZ fp=kdkj gSaA budh cgqr&lh fp=k izfrek,a vke yksxksadh vkt dh ifjfLFkfr osQ ckjs esa dgrh FkhaA buosQ bl fp=k dk ukegS ^xHkkZoLFkk esa HkDr* (The Pregnant Devotee) bl fp=k dh

esa<s (jsoM+)] ekè;e& dkxt ij js[kkadufp=kdkj& izHkkdj cjos

36

ladYiuk osQ ckjs esa mUgksaus,d txg fy[ k k g S ]¶nsouanu uked muosQ ,dfe=k ,d ckj muosQ ?kjvk,A os B.M dh lqcg esaeksVh&lh pknj lj vkSj iwjs'kjhj ij yisVdj gkFk esaekyk fy, tki dj jgs FksAmUgsa ns[kdj ,slk vkHkklgksrk Fkk ekuks lkeus dksbZL=kh cSBh gSA¸ ,slh gh cSBhvoLFkk esa Hkqisu [kDdj usmudk fp=k cuk;kA 'kjhjij yisVh ;g píj lkM+htSlh yxrh gS vkSj nsouanu dh rksan xHkkZoLFkk dh lwpuk nsrh gSAizkr% igj esa gkFk esa ekyk fy, Ñ".k uke dk tki djus okysnsouanu isV esa HkfDr&jl ls xHkkZoLFkk esa gSa] ,slk yxrk FkkA

uljhu eksgEenhuljhu eksgEenh osQ vewrZ fp=kksa ij tSu] ckS¼ vkSj rkvks fopkjiz.kkyh dk izHkko FkkA bUgksaus oqQN le; ,e-,l- ;wfuoflZVh]iWQdYVh vkWiQ iQkbZu vkV~Zl] cM+kSnk osQ dyk egkfo|ky; esa f'k{kdosQ :i esa dke fd;k FkkA fp=k cuh js[kkvksa dks oSQls ns[ksas] ,slk iz'uvkiosQ eu esa mBuk LokHkkfod gSA ysfdu vewrZ fp=k bruh vklkuhls Li"V ugha gksrkA gka] vxj vkius uljhu osQ Nk;k&fp=k ns[ks gkasrks vkidks mudh fp=k cukus dh izfØ;k 'kk;n le> vk,A muosQ,d Nk;kfp=k esa tehu ij ckjg cts dh /wi fxjh gqbZ fn[kkbZ nsrhgSA tehu ij dksbZ ,d lh<+h] tehu ij j[kh oLrqvksa dk mQijhi`"BHkkx vkSj budk [kM+k fgLlkµ bruk gh gesa fn[krk gSA eryc

xHkkZoLFkk esa HkDr] ekè;e& dkxt ijtyjax] fp=kdkj& Hkwisu [kDdj

37

i`"BHkkx ij iM+h dM+d /wi vkSj [kM+s fgLls dh ^xgjh Nkao* dhosQoy js[kk,a bl Nk;kfp=k esa gSaA og Nk;k&fp=k ;gka Nki ugha losQgSa] ij bl fp=k osQ js[kkvksa dh jpuk Hkh ,sls gh n`'; ls tqM+h gqbZgS vFkkZr~ ,slk fp=k osQoy ns[kdj le> ysuk FkksM+k eqf'dy gksxkAij vki Hkh ,sls gh utfj;s ls vius bnZ&fxnZ ns[kuk 'kq: djsaxs rksNk;k&izdk'k osQ bl yqHkkous [ksy esa js[kkvksa osQ dbZ n`'; vkidksHkh t:j fn[kkbZ nsaxsA

lq/hj iVo/Zu^vke balkuksa osQ izfr vkReh;rk j[kus okys vkSj balkuksa osQ fp=kdkj*µ,slh gh lq/hj iVoèkZu dh igpku gSA bUgksaus egkfo|ky; esafp=kdkjh dh ckdk;nk i<+kbZ ugha dhA is'ks ls ;s MkWDVj gSaµjsfM;ksyksftLVA buosQ fp=kksa esa balku osQ izfr tks vkReh;rk fn[krh gS]bldk dkj.k budh oS| dh f'k{kk vkSj is'kk gks ldrk gSµ ,slkbudk ekuuk gSA blosQ vykok ekDlZoknh vkanksyu esa oqQN dkyrd lgHkkfxrk vkSj ekDlZoknh fopkj&iz.kkyh budh fp=kfufeZfr dhiwjd FkhA ;gka Nik gqvk fp=k osQoy ,d vkjs[ku gSA ^ekspkZ dhvksj* fdlh ekspkZ ls tqM+s gq, vkneh dk LosQp gSA xkSj ls ns[kas rksirk pysxk fd ml vkneh osQ ,d gkFk esa ykBh gS vkSj bl ykBh

'kh"kZdghu] ekè;e& dkxt ij L;kgh fp=kdkj& uljhu eksgEenh

38

ij mlosQ gkFkksa dh etwcr idM+gSA ,d iSj mQij mBk, og jkLrkjksosQ [kM+k gSA psgjs ij mxz HkkoosQ lkFk FkksM+h ek;wlh NkbZ gSA vkeyksxksa dh ekspkZ vkSj gM+rky dhotg ls gksus okyh gkyr dk ,glklgksrk gSA buosQ vf/dka'k fp=kksa esavkt osQ 'kgjh balku osQ nSuafnuthou osQ fofo/ lanHkZ gaSA

X X X X

fp=kdyk dks le>us osQ fy, ge,d lkFk bl liQj ij py iM+sFksA fHkecsVdk xqiQkvksa osQ vkfnekuoosQ fp=kksa ls geus 'kqjQvkr dhAvc ge blosQ vafre iM+ko rdigaqp x, gSaA

Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh ;g yachdgkuh] dbZ lfn;ksa dk ;g liQj]iapra=k dh dFkkvksa tSlh ljl ughagSA ij cqf¼ vkSj eu dks fofLer j[kus okyh t:j gSA bldh dbZegÙoiw.kZ ?kVuk,a geus ns[kha] ij vkSj dbZ izdkj osQ fp=k] mldhdgkfu;ka] 'kSyh osQ ckjs esa ge txg dh e;kZnk osQ dkj.k ;gka crkugha ldrsA ge xqiQk fp=kksa ls lh/k vtark fp=kksa ij vk x,] vkSjogka ls eqxy y?kq'kSyh rd igqapsA vtark fp=k 'kSyh osQ ckn vkSjeqxy y?kq'kSyh ls igys eafnj fHkfÙk fp=kksa dh cgqr cM+h ijaijk Hkkjresa jgh gSA vkt Hkh nf{k.k osQ eafnjksa esa vkSj flfDde osQ iWxksMkeafnjksa esa eafnj&fp=k fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA Hkkjrh; dyk bfrgkl esa y?kqfp=k'kSyh Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gSA blosQ nks egÙoiw.kZ izdkj Hkh geus ns[ksA ;g

ekspkZ dh vksj]ekè;e& dkxt ij js[kkadufp=kdkj& lq/hj iVo/Zu

39

'kSyh vkt Hkh vfLrRo esa gSA vkLFkk gks rks utnhdh dyk&laxzgky;esa ;k vkl&ikl osQ xkaoksa esa ge bUgsa [kkst ldrs gSaA D;k irk] ,slh[kkst esa vkt rd u feyk gqvk fp=k Hkh fey tk,A

jktk jfo oekZ osQ ckjs esa geus i<+kA ij mudk osQoy fp=kns[kdj eu ugha HkjrkA muosQ izfr vkSj tkuus osQ fy, fdrkcksa vkSjdyk laxzgky; dk lgkjk ysuk iMs+xkA ogha ckr ^caxky 'kSyh* osQckjs esa Hkh gSA vouhUnzukFk osQ dbZ vkSj lqanj fp=kksa dh ckrsa jg xbZgSaA uanyky cksl] vflr oqQekj gy/j] f{krsanzukFk etwenkjµ buosQfp=k ;gka Nki ugha losQA mudh ijaijk dks vkxs pykus okys x.ks'kikbZu] osQ-th- lqczã.;e tSls vusd fp=kdkj vkSj muosQ fp=kksa osQckjs esa tkuuk vkidks t:j vPNk yxrk gSA ;g lc tkurs gq, Hkhfdrkc dh e;kZnk dks è;ku esa j[kuk iM+kA ysfdu ;gka oqQN vkSjdykdkjksa osQ uke crkuk t:jh gSA isLruth ckseuth] ,e-,iQ-fiBkokyk] ,e-oh- /qja/j] ,y-,l- rkldj] ,u-,l- csanzs] ,-osQ-gsCcjµ ;s lc igys dh ih<+h osQ O;fDr&fp=kdkj] fulxZfp=kdkjvkSj jpukdkj gSaA budh fp=kÑfr;ka Hkh cM+h vPNh gaSA xk;rksaMs]jtk] cjos] uljhu eksgEenh] Hkqisu [kDdj] euthr ckok ls ysdjlq/hj iVo/Zu rd osQ fp=k geus ns[ksA ledkyhu fp=k'kSyh osQvyx&vyx fp=k cukus okys fp=kdkj vkSj mudh fp=kÑfr;kale>us osQ fy, bu fp=kdkjksa dks ;gka varHkwZr fd;k x;k gSA buosQvykok lehj ekasMy] jkschu eksaMy] vatyh byk esuu] jhuh /qeky]vrqy nksfM;k] Vh- oh- larks"k] fj;kt dksew] ufyuh eykuh] vdcjinelh tSls vusd dykdkjksa osQ fp=k vki ns[k ldrs gSaA ;s fp=kns[kus osQ fy, vki fdrkcksa dk] v[kckj dk vkSj lcls egÙoiw.kZdyknkyku dh enn ys ldrs gaSA fp=k oSQls ns[kas] mldk jlxzg.koSQls djsa] oSQls le>sa] blosQ ckjs esa geus 'kq: esa i<+k gSA fiQj Hkh'kq:&'kq: esa fp=k&izn'kZuh ns[krs oDr 'kk;n eqf'dy yxsxhA ysfdufp=k ls ckras rks djks] og Hkh vkils nksLrh dk gkFk c<+k,xkA

40

Hkkjrh; rRoKku dgrk gS] ¶dksbZ Hkh dyk vykSfdd vkuannsrh gSA¸ eryc dksbZ Hkh pht vxj vki [kjhnrs gSa ;k feyrh gSrks og oLrq&fo"k; dk vkuan gSµ ykSfdd vkuanA ij dykfufeZfrns[kus ls] lquus ls ;k fuekZ.k djus ls tks vkuan feyrk gS ogvykSfdd vkuan gSµ vkRek dk vkuanA

;gka ls vkxs dk liQj vc vkidks r; djuk gSA cgqr fp=kns[kus gSa] mUgsa le>us dk vkuan Hkh ysuk gSA ,d okD; ;kn vk;k]¶gj dykdkj dksbZ [kkl balku ugha gksrk] ij gj balku esa ,d [kkldykdkj t:j gksrk gSA¸ vkiosQ vanj dk ,slk gh dksbZ tkuk&vutkukdykdkj izsfjr gksdj fp=k cuk ldrk gSA vkxs osQ fp=k&liQj osQfy, vkidks gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,aA