hiv prevention gender toolkit
DESCRIPTION
The Office on Women's Health (OWH) of the department Health & Human services, is comitted to reducing the impact of HIV/AIDS among women and girls in teh United States. OWH recognizes gender as a key driver of the epidemic among women and girls, men and boys, and the importance of gender-responsive approaches to HIV prevention.TRANSCRIPT
HIV Preven*on Gender Toolkit: Addressing gender as a key social determinant driving the HIV epidemic
Naima Morales Cozier JSI Research and Training Ins*tute
Poll: Gender refers to how society and culture conceptualizes the differences between the sexes (females and males). What is your gender? • Woman • Transwoman • Man • Transman • Non binary gender • I’d rather not say
Today’s webinar will
1. Provide an overview of the toolkit and its raHonale;
2. Review the key concepts of gender that impact HIV risk;
3. Introduce levels of gender integraHon; 4. Highlight the benefits of integraHng gender; and 5. Outline the HIV Preven*on Gender Toolkit
training.
Project HOPE: Who we are
Project Helping Organiza*ons Provide Effec*ve HIV/AIDS Preven*on for Women and Girls
NaHonal NaHve American AIDS PrevenHon Center JSI Research and Training InsHtute, Inc. • Increase individual and organizaHonal capacity of OWH grantees to provide gender-‐responsive HIV prevenHon programs
The Office on Women’s Health (OWH) of the Department of Health & Human Services is commi\ed to reducing the impact of HIV/AIDS among women and
girls in the United States.
OWH recognizes gender as a key driver of the epidemic among women and girls, men and boys, and the importance of gender-‐responsive approaches to HIV prevenHon.
Take into account the needs of women/girls and men/boys related to biological sex and gender differences.
These programs consider gender norms, roles and inequaliHes, and take acHon to address them.
Gender-‐responsive Programs…
Interna*onal Commitment to Gender-‐ responsive HIV/AIDS Programs
Poll: To your knowledge, does your jurisdicHon currently have programs in-‐place that you would consider gender-‐responsive? • Yes • No • Under development • Not sure
HIV PREVENTION GENDER TOOLKIT
The Toolkit is a guide for program managers and planners to help
understand key gender concepts and integrate a gender perspecHve in HIV
prevenHon programs
The Toolkit is designed for programs that provide services to heterosexual
women and girls
Is applicable to other audiences
The Toolkit intends to raise awareness of how gender as a
social determinant impacts gender norms, roles, relaHons and inequaliHes that affect
heterosexual women’s and girls' ability to negoHate safer sex, and access prevenHon and health
services.
Section 1 Introduction Section 2 HIV/AIDS among Women and Girls in the United States Section 3 Social Determinants of Health: Gender as a Key Determinant of HIV/AIDS Section 4 Human Rights, Social Determinants of Health and HIV/AIDS Connections Section 5 Domains of Gender Section 6 Gender Analysis Section 7 Assessing Organizational Gender-responsiveness Section 8 Gender Integration in the Program Cycle
Domains of Gender
Gender Norms
Gender Roles
Power and Decision-‐making
Access to and
Control of Resources
Gender as Social Determinants of Health
Domains of Gender
Gender Norms
Women should be…
Subordinate Monogamous Emotional Mothers
Men should be…
Dominant Virile Unemotional Heterosexual
Norms vary according to culture, race, ethnicity, age, socio-‐economic status, and social sedng
Poll: Have you ever been discouraged (or encouraged) from a job or career because your of gender? • Yes • No • I don’t recall
Gender Roles
Learned behaviors given in society and cultural group, that determine which acHviHes and responsibiliHes are perceived as male and female • ProducHve, reproducHve and community roles Change with economic, social and poliHcal circumstances
Woman’s Roles
Man’s Roles
Power and Decision-‐making
Extent to which women and men and girls and boys are in a posiHon to act in their own best interest to protect themselves from HIV infecHon • Families, sexual relaHonships, friendships, community, and workplaces
Reflects the distribuHon of power that is shaped by social, cultural, poliHcal and economic insHtuHons
Access to and Control of Resources
1. Knowledge of resources 2. Opportuni*es to use a resource 3. Power to decide how to use a resource
Resources
Intrapersonal (self-esteem, self-confidence) Income and Employment Information Education Transportation Political power Time
Gender Domain HIV Risk and Vulnerability
Gender Norms Women as subordinate: limited opportuniHes to be proacHve about reducing HIV risk Men as virile: reaffirm masculinity with mulHple partners
Gender Roles Women most oien have all three types of gender roles: Limited Hme to seek and uHlize health informaHon and services
Power and Decision-‐making
Unequal power in gender relaHons in heterosexual relaHonships, cause inequality in sexual rela*onships and may result in men’s sexual desires to take precedence
Access to and Control of Resources
Women and girls may have access to female condoms, but they must rely on the cooperaHon of their male partners to use this resource
Impact
Use of condoms and other risk reducHon opHons
Decisions to enter HIV treatment
Success of medicaHon adherence
Gender Norms
Gender Roles
Power and Decision-‐making
Access to and
Control of Resources
Gender Integration: Organizational Assessment
Gender-‐responsive organizaHons should have • Full buy-‐in, poliHcal commitment to gender equity
• Gender balance: non-‐conforming gender idenHHes, women and men at all levels of organizaHon
• Staff and Board with skills and knowledge of gender equity issues to support gender integraHon
• Gender awareness to be used in agency and program decision-‐making, hiring and resource allocaHon
Gender Integration: Program Cycle
Program Cycle
Are sensiHve to power
imbalances in relaHonships
Gender-‐responsive HIV PrevenHon Programs should…
Address healthy and pleasurable sex, not just disease
prevenHon
Avoid gender exploita*ve & stereotypical images and messages
Engage men and women as co-‐equals
Challenge clients to think cri*cally about gender
norms
Create a safe space for parHcipants to quesHon
gender norms for themselves
Gender-‐responsive staff…
Are sensiHve to power imbalances in client relaHonships and its impact
on decision-‐making
Are comfortable with gender non-‐
conformity
Are sensiHve to IPV/abuse
when promoHng safer sex opHons
Understand the differences
between gender and sex
Are able to set aside gender biases -‐not villainizing men or vicHmizing
women
Benefits of Gender-responsive Programming
Gender-‐responsive programming for HIV prevenHon…
• Creates an environment that reflects the realiHes of women and girls and men and boys
• Addresses social and cultural norms that impact risk behavior and drive the HIV/AIDS epidemic
• Promotes gender equity
Evidence gender integraHon works
InternaHonal gender-‐based intervenHon studies found that young men were less likely to support inequitable gender norms.
Pulerwitz J, Martin S, Mehta M, Castillo T, Kidanu A, Verani F, Tewolde S. Promoting Gender Equity for HIV and Violence Prevention: Results from the Male Norms Initiative Evaluation in Ethiopia. Washington, DC: PATH; 2010 Pulerwitz J, Barker G. Measuring attitudes toward gender norms among young men in Brazil: development and psychometric evaluation of the GEM Scale. Men and Masculinities. 2008;10:322–38
Brazil -‐ Significant changes in condom use and STI
symptoms aier 6 and 12 months.
India -‐ Significant changes in condom
use, men’s reported use of
sexual harassment and men’s violence against a partner aier 3 months.
Ethiopia -‐ Significant reducHon in
men’s reported use of violence aier 6 months.
HIV Prevention Gender Toolkit Training
Gender Toolkit Training
Length: Two days
Where: TBD
Target Audience : State and local health department staff involved in capacity building, program planning, evaluaHon, and contract monitoring of • HIV, STD, and Hep C prevenHon and treatment programs • Teen pregnancy prevenHon and family planning programs
Day One: Gender Toolkit Training
• IntroducHon and Overview • HIV/AIDS among Women and
Girls in the United States • Risk, Vulnerability and Social
Determinants of Health • Understanding Gender • Gender IntegraHon in HIV
Programming • IntroducHon to Gender Analysis
Day Two: Gender Toolkit Training • Applying Gender Analysis to a
Program Needs Assessment • Applying Gender Analysis to Develop
Gender-‐specific Program Goals and ObjecHves
• Applying Gender Analysis to Program Design and EvaluaHon
• IntegraHng Gender into ExisHng Programs
• Wrap-‐up and EvaluaHon
Toolkit Training’s Alignment with Public Health AccreditaHon Board Standards and Measures Standard 7.2 Iden*fy and implement strategies to improve access to health care services 7.2.3A Lead or collaborate in cultural competent ini*a*ves to increase access to health care services for those who may experience barriers due to cultural, language or literacy differences
Toolkit Training’s Alignment with Public Health AccreditaHon Board Standards and Measures Standard 8.2 Assess Staff Competencies and address gaps by enabling organiza*onal and individual training and development opportuni*es 8.2.3S Provide consulta*on and/or technical assistance to Tribal and local health departments regarding evidence-‐based and/or promising prac*ces
Toolkit Training’s Alignment with Public Health AccreditaHon Board Standards and Measures Standard 10.2 Promote understanding and use of the current body of research results, evalua*ons, and evidence-‐based prac*ces with appropriate audiences. 10.2.4T Provide technical assistance to state and local health department, and other public health system partners in applying relevant results, evidence-‐based and/or promising prac*ces
Questions
