HIV / AIDSHIV / AIDS

THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION CODE OF ORGANISATION CODE OF

PRACTICE ON HIV / AIDS AND PRACTICE ON HIV / AIDS AND THE WORLD OF WORKTHE WORLD OF WORK

We are in Good CompanyWe are in Good Company

HIV/AIDS affects us allHIV/AIDS affects us all

Our Colleagues

Our Families

We all need to be aware

ALL THE TIME

Our Friends

Ourselves

IN TIME

HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS What exactly is this disease?What exactly is this disease?

HIVHIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus

The virus weakens the body’s immune system.The virus weakens the body’s immune system.

After infection, a person develops antibodies.After infection, a person develops antibodies.These are an attempt by the immune system to These are an attempt by the immune system to resist attack by the virus.resist attack by the virus.

If a person is tested for HIV and these antibodies If a person is tested for HIV and these antibodies are found, he or she is sometimes called HIV are found, he or she is sometimes called HIV positive or simply HIV+.positive or simply HIV+.

HIV /AIDSHIV /AIDSSo What is AIDS?So What is AIDS?

AIDSAIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Because HIV weakens the body’s immune Because HIV weakens the body’s immune system, a person becomes vulnerable to a system, a person becomes vulnerable to a range of opportunistic infections, which range of opportunistic infections, which the body could normally fight off. It is one the body could normally fight off. It is one of these infections which will ultimately of these infections which will ultimately cause death, some years after infection.cause death, some years after infection.

HIV / AIDSHIV / AIDSHow is it transmitted?How is it transmitted?

Sexual intercourse - 70/80%Sexual intercourse - 70/80% Blood Transfusion - 3/5 %Blood Transfusion - 3/5 % Mother to Child transmission -5/10%Mother to Child transmission -5/10% Injecting drug use - 5/10%Injecting drug use - 5/10% Health Care (needle stick injuries) - Health Care (needle stick injuries) -

<0.01% <0.01%

HIV / AIDSHIV / AIDSHow it is NOT transmitted.How it is NOT transmitted.

Kissing, hugging, shaking handsKissing, hugging, shaking hands Mosquito or insect bitesMosquito or insect bites Coughing and sneezingCoughing and sneezing Sharing toilets or washing facilitiesSharing toilets or washing facilities Using utensils or consuming food and Using utensils or consuming food and

drink handled by someone who has HIV.drink handled by someone who has HIV.

There is no recorded instance of the virus There is no recorded instance of the virus being transmitted through First Aid being transmitted through First Aid procedures.procedures.

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSA Global DisasterA Global Disaster

In the twenty years since it appeared, In the twenty years since it appeared, HIV/AIDS has killed more people than the HIV/AIDS has killed more people than the bubonic plague of the fourteenth century, bubonic plague of the fourteenth century, or the influenza epidemic following the or the influenza epidemic following the 1914-1918 war.1914-1918 war.

There is no cure.There is no cure. Present treatments are expensive and Present treatments are expensive and

unavailable to the vast majority of victims.unavailable to the vast majority of victims. Millions more will die.Millions more will die.

HIV/AIDS – THE EPIDEMICHIV/AIDS – THE EPIDEMIC

At the end of 2001, estimated 40 million At the end of 2001, estimated 40 million people living with AIDS.people living with AIDS.

Just under half are women and 8% childrenJust under half are women and 8% children In 2001 HIV/AIDS caused 3 million deaths.In 2001 HIV/AIDS caused 3 million deaths. 5 million new cases were reported.5 million new cases were reported.

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSGlobal and Regional TrendsGlobal and Regional Trends

RegionRegion Total no. of People Total no. of People living with HIV/AIDSliving with HIV/AIDS

People newly People newly infected during infected during 20012001

Deaths due to Deaths due to HIV/AIDS in 2001HIV/AIDS in 2001

Sub-Saharan Sub-Saharan AfricaAfrica

28,500,00028,500,000 3,500,0003,500,000 2,200,0002,200,000

Asia & PacificAsia & Pacific 6,600,0006,600,000 1,070,0001,070,000 435,000435,000Americas & Americas & CaribbeanCaribbean

2,870,0002,870,000 235,000235,000 115,000115,000

Europe & Europe & Central AsiaCentral Asia

1,550,0001,550,000 280,000280,000 31,00031,000

North Africa & North Africa & Middle EastMiddle East

500,000500,000 80,00080,000 30,00030,000

Australia & Australia & New ZealandNew Zealand

15,00015,000 500500 <100<100

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSWider effectsWider effects

in the world of workin the world of work Reduced supply of LabourReduced supply of Labour

Loss of skilled and experienced workersLoss of skilled and experienced workers

Absenteeism and early retirementAbsenteeism and early retirement

Stigmatization and discrimination against workers with HIVStigmatization and discrimination against workers with HIV

Increased labour costs for employers from health insurance to Increased labour costs for employers from health insurance to retrainingretraining

Reduced productivity, contracting tax base and negative Reduced productivity, contracting tax base and negative impact on economic growthimpact on economic growth

A threat to food security as rural workers are increasingly A threat to food security as rural workers are increasingly affectedaffected

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSWider effectsWider effects

in the world of workin the world of work Falling demand, investment discouraged and enterprise Falling demand, investment discouraged and enterprise

development undermineddevelopment undermined

Social protection systems and health services under pressureSocial protection systems and health services under pressure

Increased burden on women to combine care and productive Increased burden on women to combine care and productive workwork

Loss of family income and household productivity, Loss of family income and household productivity, exacerbating povertyexacerbating poverty

Orphans and other affected children forced out of school and Orphans and other affected children forced out of school and into child labourinto child labour

Pressure on women and young people to survive by providing Pressure on women and young people to survive by providing sexual servicessexual services

The United NationsThe United NationsDeclaration of Commitment on Declaration of Commitment on

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS In a special Session held in June 2001, five In a special Session held in June 2001, five

priorities made clear:priorities made clear:

1.To ensure that people everywhere, particularly 1.To ensure that people everywhere, particularly the young, know what to do to avoid the young, know what to do to avoid

infection.infection. 2.To stop the most tragic form of infection –from 2.To stop the most tragic form of infection –from

mother to child.mother to child. 3.To provide treatment for all those infected.3.To provide treatment for all those infected. 4.To redouble the search for a vaccine as a cure.4.To redouble the search for a vaccine as a cure. 5.To care for all those whose lives have been 5.To care for all those whose lives have been

affected by AIDS, particularly more than 13 affected by AIDS, particularly more than 13 million orphans.million orphans.

THE ILO CODE OF PRACTICETHE ILO CODE OF PRACTICE This code establishes both the rights and This code establishes both the rights and

responsibilities of the tripartite partners as responsibilities of the tripartite partners as well as key principles of workplace policy:well as key principles of workplace policy:

Prevention through education, gender-aware Prevention through education, gender-aware programmes and practical support for behaviour programmes and practical support for behaviour change.change.

Protection of workers’ rights including Protection of workers’ rights including employment protection, gender equality, employment protection, gender equality, entitlement to benefits and non discrimination.entitlement to benefits and non discrimination.

Care and support, including confidential voluntary Care and support, including confidential voluntary counseling and testing, as well as treatment in counseling and testing, as well as treatment in settings where local health systems are settings where local health systems are inadequate.inadequate.

The ILO’s 10 key principles for The ILO’s 10 key principles for developing policiesdeveloping policies

Recognition of HIV/AIDS as a workplace issue.Recognition of HIV/AIDS as a workplace issue. Non-discrimination.Non-discrimination. Gender EqualityGender Equality Healthy work environment.Healthy work environment. Social DialogueSocial Dialogue No screening for purposes of exclusion from No screening for purposes of exclusion from

employment or work processes.employment or work processes. ConfidentialityConfidentiality Continuation of employment relationshipContinuation of employment relationship PreventionPrevention Care and Support.Care and Support.

THE ILO CODE OF PRACTICETHE ILO CODE OF PRACTICE

The ILO states that the workplace The ILO states that the workplace (world of work) is a vitally important (world of work) is a vitally important

arena in which to raise awareness and arena in which to raise awareness and effectiveness in the fight against the effectiveness in the fight against the spread of HIV/AIDS and the required spread of HIV/AIDS and the required

responses to the effect of the disease.responses to the effect of the disease.

Why have a workplace policy on Why have a workplace policy on HIV/AIDS?HIV/AIDS?

A workplace policy provides the framework for A workplace policy provides the framework for enterprise action to reduce the spread of enterprise action to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS and manage its impact.HIV/AIDS and manage its impact.

The policy should:-The policy should:-• Provide a clear statement about non-discriminationProvide a clear statement about non-discrimination• Ensure consistency with appropriate national lawsEnsure consistency with appropriate national laws• Lay down standard of behaviour for all employees Lay down standard of behaviour for all employees

(whether infected or not)(whether infected or not)• Give guidance to supervisors and managersGive guidance to supervisors and managers• Help employees living with HIV/AIDS to understand what Help employees living with HIV/AIDS to understand what

support and care they will receive, so that they are more support and care they will receive, so that they are more likely to come forward for voluntary testinglikely to come forward for voluntary testing

• Help to stop the spread of the virus through prevention Help to stop the spread of the virus through prevention programmesprogrammes

• Assist an enterprise in planning for HIV/AIDS and Assist an enterprise in planning for HIV/AIDS and managing its impact, thus ultimately saving moneymanaging its impact, thus ultimately saving money

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSWhy make it a workplace issue?Why make it a workplace issue?

Firstly:Firstly:HIV/Aids has a huge impact HIV/Aids has a huge impact on the world of work –on the world of work –reducing the supply of labour reducing the supply of labour and available skills, and available skills, increasing labour costs, increasing labour costs, reducing productivity, reducing productivity, threatening the livelihoods of threatening the livelihoods of workers and employers and workers and employers and undermining rights.undermining rights.

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSWhy make it a workplace issue?Why make it a workplace issue?

Secondly:Secondly:The workplace is a good place to The workplace is a good place to tackle HIV/AIDS. Standards are tackle HIV/AIDS. Standards are set for working conditions and set for working conditions and labour relations. Workplaces are labour relations. Workplaces are communities where people come communities where people come together and they discuss, together and they discuss, debate and learn from each debate and learn from each other. This provides an other. This provides an opportunity for awareness opportunity for awareness raising, education programmes raising, education programmes and the protection of rights.and the protection of rights.

HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDSWhy make it a workplace issue?Why make it a workplace issue?

ThirdlyThirdly

Employers and trade Employers and trade unions are leaders in their unions are leaders in their communities and countries. communities and countries. Leadership is crucial to the Leadership is crucial to the fight against HIV/AIDS.fight against HIV/AIDS.

What is Saybolt’s connection to the ILO What is Saybolt’s connection to the ILO code of practice and the world of work?code of practice and the world of work?

In June 2001, Juan Somavia – Director General of In June 2001, Juan Somavia – Director General of the ILO presented the above Code of Practice to the ILO presented the above Code of Practice to the UN General Assembly.the UN General Assembly.

The Code of Practice was subsequently adopted The Code of Practice was subsequently adopted by the UN Secretary General as a framework for by the UN Secretary General as a framework for its own personnel policy.its own personnel policy.

Saybolt Saybolt views compliance with the views compliance with the ILO Code of ILO Code of Practice on HIV/AIDSPractice on HIV/AIDS as an integral part of the as an integral part of the commitments regarding the United Nations commitments regarding the United Nations Global CompactGlobal Compact..

What is Saybolt expected to do?What is Saybolt expected to do?

Formulate a progressive Company charter with Formulate a progressive Company charter with specific policies based on the Code of Practice specific policies based on the Code of Practice including strategies and safeguards on:including strategies and safeguards on:

• Education and awarenessEducation and awareness• Screening and DiscriminationScreening and Discrimination• ConfidentialityConfidentiality• FacilitiesFacilities• SecuritySecurity

What more?What more?

Construct and apply forums to increase Construct and apply forums to increase awareness and active participation of staff by awareness and active participation of staff by suitable methods such as:suitable methods such as:

WorkshopsWorkshops Group DiscussionGroup Discussion Professional AddressesProfessional Addresses Inclusion in existing agendasInclusion in existing agendas

Periodically evaluate the progress and effect of Periodically evaluate the progress and effect of the above.the above.

Why a trainings manual?Why a trainings manual? The manual is a training instrument which emphasizes The manual is a training instrument which emphasizes

practical activities and guidelines to help our practical activities and guidelines to help our constituents and other users apply the Code to constituents and other users apply the Code to national strategic plans and to develop targeted and national strategic plans and to develop targeted and effective workplace policies and programmes. It is also effective workplace policies and programmes. It is also a source of information on HIV/AIDS from the a source of information on HIV/AIDS from the perspective of the world of work.perspective of the world of work.

The manual is designed to be a living document. It is The manual is designed to be a living document. It is possible to modify activities and add modules or possible to modify activities and add modules or special guidelines for specific sectors and groups, for special guidelines for specific sectors and groups, for particular countries or local situations.particular countries or local situations.

The manual is not designed to be read like a novel, The manual is not designed to be read like a novel, from cover to cover. Consider it more as a menu: pick from cover to cover. Consider it more as a menu: pick out the parts that interest you!out the parts that interest you!

What are the main aims of the trainings What are the main aims of the trainings manual?manual?

To encourage Directors, Managers and Staff To encourage Directors, Managers and Staff to to ““openopen” ” the subject of HIV/AIDS in the the subject of HIV/AIDS in the workplace in order to:workplace in order to:

i.i. Increase the awareness of the problemIncrease the awareness of the problemii.ii. Educate employees in the avoidance of riskEducate employees in the avoidance of riskiii.iii. Dispel erroneous myths regarding the spread of Dispel erroneous myths regarding the spread of

the diseasethe diseaseiv.iv. Eradicate all forms of discrimination resulting Eradicate all forms of discrimination resulting

from the diseasefrom the diseasev.v. Provide security measures for those affectedProvide security measures for those affected

What is in the ILO Manual?What is in the ILO Manual? The manual consists of eight modules under the The manual consists of eight modules under the

following headings:following headings:

• HIV/AIDS: the epidemic and its impact on the world HIV/AIDS: the epidemic and its impact on the world of workof work

• HIV/AIDS and human rightsHIV/AIDS and human rights• Workplace action through social dialogue: the role Workplace action through social dialogue: the role

of employers workers and their organisationsof employers workers and their organisations• A legal and policy frame work on HIV/AIDS in the A legal and policy frame work on HIV/AIDS in the

world of work: role of governmentworld of work: role of government• The gender dimensions of HIV/AIDS and the world The gender dimensions of HIV/AIDS and the world

of workof work• Workplace programmes for HIV/AIDS preventionWorkplace programmes for HIV/AIDS prevention• Care and SupportCare and Support• HIV/AIDS and the informal economyHIV/AIDS and the informal economy

What is in the ILO Manual?What is in the ILO Manual?

Each Module contains:Each Module contains:

• Presentation of the issuesPresentation of the issues• Learning Activities (group work, role play etc)Learning Activities (group work, role play etc)• Case StudiesCase Studies• Extracts showing examples of legislation, Extracts showing examples of legislation,

policies and collective agreementspolicies and collective agreements• ReferencesReferences

What is the key to effective What is the key to effective participationparticipation

OPEN

the subject of HIV/AIDS for discussion in the workplace

A way forward.A way forward.

Overcome the sensitivities of the subject Overcome the sensitivities of the subject caused by sex, religion and culture and caused by sex, religion and culture and OPEN the subject in the workplace.OPEN the subject in the workplace.

In discussion lies awarenessIn discussion lies awareness In awareness lies understandingIn awareness lies understanding In understanding lies preventionIn understanding lies prevention

Prevention is the only known curePrevention is the only known cure

Do not allow this to beDo not allow this to be

THE END