HITLER’S LIGHTNING WAR

Chapter 16 section 1-4

GERMANY SPARKS A NEW WAR IN EUROPE Germany sparks a new war in Europe

Stalin signed 10 year agreement: Non-Aggression pact- with Germany- saying they would not fight

Secret part: Germany and Soviet Union agreed to divide Poland, USSR could have Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia

Germany’s lightning attack Blitzkrieg- lightning war Germans used artillery and bombing to attack Warsaw,

capital of Poland France and GB declare war Germany Western half of Poland will fall to Hitler

Soviets make their move Stalin sent Soviet troops to occupy the Eastern half of Poland Finland will resist Finns will accept Hitler’s surrender terms

THE FALL OF FRANCE Hitler send tanks through France, Belgium, Luxembourg

Moved across France Rescue at Dunkirk

Germans had trapped the Allied forces around the Northern French city of Lille

Allies retreated to the beaches of Dunkirk, French Port G.B. set out to rescue the Army Ships crossed the English Channel and carry 338,000 soldiers

to safety

FRANCE FALLS Resistance in France crumbles after Dunkirk

Germans take Paris French leaders surrender Charles de Gaulle- French general, set up exile gov’t in

London Commits all energy to taking back France Will battle Nazi’s until France was liberated in 1944

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN G.B. stood alone against the Nazis

Winston Churchill- new G.B. prime minister Hitler will try to invade G.B. Hitler 1st wanted to destroy RAF- Royal Air Force then land

troops Luftwaffe- German air force began bombing British will not waver

Technological advances help Britain Radar- could tell #, speed, and direction of Luftwaffe Enigma machine- decoded German messages Germans will give up on daylight raids Stunned by British resistance, Hitler called off attacks

Key to this battle: Hitler could be defeated

THE MEDITERRANEAN AND THE EASTERN FRONT Hitler will have a shift in strategy

Turned attention to Med., Balkans, and the Soviet Union Axis forces attack N. Africa

Axis powers- Germany, Italy, Japan Mussolini orders attack on Egypt Suez Canal was key to oil in Middle East

Britain Strikes Back Hitler sends in Afrika Korps- German tank force led by Erwin

Rommel- later called the Desert Fox for his success

THE U.S. AIDS ALLIES Congress will pass Neutrality Acts

Illegal to sell arms or lend $ to nations at war Roosevelt creates Lend-Lease Act

Roosevelt and Churchill met secretly and issued a joint declaration called the Atlantic Charter-Upheld free trade, right to choose own governmentU.S. was in undeclared naval war with HitlerU.S. will enter war because of Japan

JAPAN’S PACIFIC CAMPAIGN

Japan is trying to take over much of Asia Surprise attack on Pearl Harbor

U.S. aware of Japan’s plans for S.E. Asia They wanted American controlled Philippine Islands & Guam So U.S. will send aid to strengthen Chinese against Japan U.S. will cut off oil supplies to Japan Japan will not stop Isoroku Yamamoto- Japanese Admiral who will call for attack

on Pearl Harbor

DAY OF INFAMY December 7, 1941- attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Japanese attack Pearl Harbor 19 ships: 8 Battleships, 2300 killed, 1100 wounded “A date which will live in infamy”- Roosevelt War is declared on Japan and its allies Japanese move on to British colony of Hong Kong and

American controlled Guam and Wake Island

JAPANESE VICTORIES Guam and Wake Island fall to Japan

Turn their attention to Philippines Brutal treatment was used against prisoners

The Allies Strike Back U.S. wanted revenge for Pearl Harbor

Battle of Midway West of Hawaii, American airfield Japanese vs. Americans from Pearl Harbor Yamamoto will order crippled fleet to withdraw Will be the turning tide for the war in Pacific Island hopping

THE HOLOCAUST Nazi’s propose new racial order

Aryans- master race of Germanic peoples All non-Aryans were inferior: especially Jewish Holocaust- mass slaughter of Jews and other groups

Holocaust begins Jews became targets of German failures Nuremberg Laws- took away rights of Jews

Citizenship, marriages

“NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS” German diplomat shot in Paris

By Grynszpan: for revenge of father being deported to Poland Germans launch attack on Jews This night will be known as kristallnacht Kristallnacht became a major policy of Jewish persecution

Flood of Refugees Jews will flee Germany Hitler called it a “Jewish problem” Other countries will turn down the influx of Jewish immigrants

Isolating the Jews Hitler will move Jews into Ghettos- segregated Jewish areas Ghettos were then sealed off Some Jews will form resistance groups in ghettos Jews will struggle to keep traditions

THE “FINAL SOLUTION” Hitler grows impatient

Plan- “final solution” becomes plan for genocide- mass killing of entire people

Plan for conquest depended on purity of Aryan race Killings begin

Hitler’s SS will hunt down Jews Shot prisoners in pits Jews not reached by killing squads went to concentration

camps Final Stage

Extermination camps built with gas chambers Auschwitz- largest of the camps

The Survivors 6 million will die Less then 4 million will survive

THE BATTLE FOR STALINGRAD

Russia joins the Allies after Hitler invades Russia Hitler sends army in to capture Stalingrad

Luftwaffe will night bomb the city Russians trap German’s within the city and cut off supplies In February, German troops will surrender to Soviets German’s were on the defensive and being pushed back

Invasion of Italy Roosevelt and Churchill choose to invade Italy Allied forces take S. Italy Germans seize N. Italy Fighting continues until Germany falls Mussolini found hiding in the back of a truck

THE ALLIED HOME FRONTS Americans produce weapons and equipment for war Mobilizing for war

Prepared for total war Shortage of consumer goods Propaganda used for citizens to help

War limits civil rights Prejudice will arise from war propaganda used against Japanese Internment camps set up This would prevent future invasions from “spies”

Victory in Europe

The D-Day Invasion• Allies plan invasion of France; use deception to

confuse Germans• D-Day—June 6, 1944; day of “Operation

Overlord” invasion of France• Allied forces capture Normandy beaches; liberate

Paris by September

OMAHA BEACH 6/6/44

Landing at Normandy

Planes drop paratroopers behind enemy lines at Normandy, France

Losses were extremely heavy on D-Day

The Battle of the Bulge• U.S., British forces advance on Germany from west,

Soviets from east• Battle of the Bulge—German counterattack in

December 1944• Germans gain early success but forced to retreat

Germany’s Unconditional Surrender• By 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from two sides• Soviets surround Berlin in April 1945 • Hitler commits suicide• On May 9, 1945, Germany officially surrenders, marking V-E Day• President Roosevelt dies in April; Harry Truman becomes president

Victory in the Pacific

The Japanese in Retreat• Allies move to retake the Philippines in late 1944• Battle of Leyte Gulf leaves Japanese navy badly damaged• Kamikazes—Japanese pilots who fly suicide missions• In March 1945, American forces capture Iwo Jima• U.S. takes Okinawa in June 1945; Japan suffers huge casualties

The Japanese Surrender• Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan will cost many lives• He has alternative; powerful new weapon called atomic bomb• Manhattan Project—secret program to develop the bomb• Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945; about 75,000 die• Nagasaki bombed on August 9; 70,000 die immediately • Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945