HITIT UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ART AND SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

I. SEMESTER/FIRST YEAR

General Biology-I (4 0 4)

Scientific method, the formation of organisms, evolution, biological molecular cell structure, cell theory, cell division, gametogenesis, egg types, fertilization and segmentation, protein synthesis, reproductive types, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis and events in the cellular respiratory.

Textbook

· Genel Biyoloji 1. Cilt, William T. Keeton James L. Gould 5. Baskı, 2007, Ankara, Palme Yayınevi

General Biology-I Laboratory (0 2) 1

The subjects are including following; The properties and the use of light microscopy, The properties and the use of a dissecting microscope, The characteristics of the electron microscope, Robert Hooke's cell, Cell structure in plants and animals, Plastids in plants (chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts), Plasmolysis and deplasmolysis in plants, Cell division (mitosis), The structure of a bacteria, Animal tissue (blood cells), Proliferation of yeast by budding, Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in plant cells, Pigment granules in animal cells (fish scales in pigment cells), Rotation and circulation in cells, Crystals in plants (druz, sistolit ve rafid).

Textbook

· Arslan, O., Bahar M., Özel A., Genel Biyoloji Lab. Klavuzu, Palme Yayıncılık

General Chemistry-I (3 0) 3

Introduction: (the matter, the metric system, significant figures), atomic structure, the periodic table, chemical bonds; molecular geometry, chemical equations and quantitative relations, oxidation and reduction reactions, gas, liquid, solutions.

Textbook

•Genel Kimya, Temel Kavramlar, Raymond Chang,Mart 2007 / 4. Baskı / 752 Syf.

General Mathematics-I (4 0 4)

Sets and numbers, absolute value and intervals, lines, functions and limits, continuity, derivatives, applications of differential, the mean value theorem, integrals, mean value theorem for integrals. Inverse functions, logarithms and exponential functions, integration methods, applications of integral, sequences and series, polar coordinates, multiple integrals, elementary differential equations.

Textbooks

· Genel Matematik – 1, Osman Bizim, Ahmet Tekcan, Betül Gezer,Ocak 2012 / 3. Baskı / 344 Syf.

· Genel Matematik – 2, Osman Bizim, Ahmet Tekcan, Betül Gezer,Ocak 2012 / 2. Baskı / 643 Syf.

Suplementary

· Sağlık Bilimciler ve Biyologlar için Matematik. R. Kaya, Anadolu Üniversitesi, 234 s.

General Physics -I (4 0) 4

Physics and measurement, vectors, motion in one dimension, , motion in two dimension, laws of motion, circular motion, work and energy, conservation of energy, linear momentum and collisions, around the axis of rotation of a rigid body, universal law of attraction, fluid mechanics.

Electric fields, Gauss' law, electric potential, capacitance and dielectrics, current and resistance, DC circuits, magnetic fields, magnetic field sources, Faraday's law, inductance, alternating current circuits, electromagnetic waves.

Textbook

· Halliday, D. & Resnick, R. (2002). Çeviri Editörü: Yalçın, C. Fiziğin Temelleri. Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınevi

Suplementary

· Serway, R.A. (1990). Çeviri Editörü: Çolakoğlu, K. Fen ve Mühendislik için Fizik. Ankara: Palme Yayıncılık.

· Ohanian, H.C. (1989). Physics. New York: W.W. Norton & Compony, Inc.

· Fishbane, P.M., Gasiorowicz, S., & Thornton, S.T. (2003). Çeviri Editörü: Türkoğulları, Ü. Temel Fizik. Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınevi.

Turkish Language I (2-0) 2

It is aimed to develop the correct use and writing skills of the Turkish in the lecture including grammar rules and spelling rules.

Textbook

· Türk Dili ve Kompozisyon Bilgileri, (Heyet), Yargı Yayınevi, Ankara 2003.

Suplementary Textbooks

· Türkçe Dilbilgisi, Kaya Bilgegil, Dergâh Yayınları, İstanbul, 1984.

· Yazım Kılavuzu, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2005.

· Her Yönüyle Dil, Doğan Aksan, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2003.

History of Ataturk's Principles Revolutions I (2 0) 2

Political, economic, cultural and socio-psychological problems resulting from the encountering of Western cultures with Turkish culture, at the collapsing of Ottoman state, the reform movements in the framework of the search for solutions in the Ottoman state, Political events in the process of transition from empire to national state, the founding of the Republic of Turkey as a result of the National Struggle given by the leading of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, revolution period after the Lausanne Peace Conference, multi-party democracy transition trials and politics in II. World War and political events.

Textbooks

· Komisyon, Atatürk İlkeleri ve Devrim Tarihi II, Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları, Bursa 2008.

· Atatürk'ün Söylev ve Demeçleri, I-III, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, Ankara, 1997.

Ecology (2 0) 2

The definition of Ecology and environmental sciences, the historical change of Earth and its effects on formation of species, some of basic concepts and theories in Ecology, Abiotic factors and effects on organisms, Biotic factors, population and its structural characteristics, population dynamics, community and its properties, Ecosystems and its properties major ecosystems of the World, Ecological problems of humanity, Conservation of the Nature, Environmental protection and new approaches on Regulation.

Textbook

· Y. Şahin, Ekoloji, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi.

Foreign Language-I (2-0) 2

In this lecture, basic English grammar features will be taught. At the end of the semester, students should have learned basic grammatical features of the English language and aim to develop them by writing, listening, reading and speaking.

Textbook

· Advanced Grammer in Use, Martin Hewings, Cambridge University Press, 2003

II. SEMESTER/ FIRST YEAR

General Biology-II (4 0) 4

Fundamentals of animal classification, animal tissues, animal systems, Fundamentals of animal ecology, plant tissue and characteristics, organographies (vegetative organs), seeds and seed plant general properties of seed and seedless plants, the basic concepts of plant physiology.

Textbook

· Genel Biyoloji 1. Cilt, William T. Keeton James L. Gould 5. Baskı, 2007, Ankara, Palme Yayınevi

Suplementary

· Genel Biyoloji, Abdurrahman Aktümsek, Muhsin Konuk. 3. Baskı, 2010, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.

General Biology-II Laboratory (0 2) 1

Preparation and examination of protozoa culture, animal tissue examination, examining animals belonging to different taxa, examination of plant tissues belonging to different plant groups, examination anatomical and morphological structure of root, stem, leaf and fruit, examination of plant samples of seed and seedless plants.

· Textbook

· Arslan, O., Bahar M., Özel A., Genel Biyoloji Lab. Klavuzu, Palme Yayıncılık

General Chemistry-II (3 0) 3

Electrochemistry, chemical kinetics and chemical equilibrium, chemical thermodynamics, acids and bases, ionic equilibrium, introduction to organic chemistry.

Textbook

· Genel Kimya, Temel Kavramlar, Raymond Chang,Mart 2007 / 4. Baskı / 752 Syf.

Suplementary

· Maddeler ve Değişimler, Temel Kimya – 2 Moleküller, Peter Atkins, Loretta Jones, Ocak 1999 / 1. Baskı / 449 Syf.

General Chemistry Laboratory -II (0 2) 1

Introduction of laboratory glassware, the chemical properties of matter, chemical reaction types, chemical equilibrium, stoichiometry, diffusion, determination of molar mass with freezing point depression, determination of a magnesium equivalent grams of mass, buffer solutions, indicators and pKa determination, acid-base titration, ideal gas constant calculation, the effect of temperature on reaction rate tests.

· Textbook

· Genel Kimya Laboratuvarı 1-2, Hikmet Sayılkan Hüseyin Bağ Funda Sayılkan Bilge Emre, Pagem Akademik Yayıncılık

Introduction to Computer Usage (1 2) 2

Introduction to Computers, basic concepts, Working principle of computers, Binary number system, Bit-byte concept, Computer hardware, components roles, definitions, Software types, operating systems, application software, programming languages, Introduction to Dos-windows operating system. File, directory, drive definitions, windows explorer usage, desktop settings. Start menu commands, control tools, display of system tools programs. Antivirus programs, compression programs, demonstration of the use of image processing programs. Introduction to office programs, explaining the interface, menus, toolbars and views of the word processing program. Different Word applications, Introduction to spreadsheet program, cell structure, page structure, display of data transfer between cells, numerical calculations. Different Excel applications.

Textbook

· Tüm Müfredat Bilgisayar Teknolojisi ve Kullanımı, Sedat Temur ve K. Yalçın, Çizgi Yayın, Konya, 2001

Biophysics (3 0) 3

Interpretation of biological phenomena in terms of physical concepts such as structure, information and energetics, Atom and molecular structure and information about chemical bonds, Structural and functional properties of biomolecules and cell building blocks, Bioenergetics and information theory which are closely related to bioenergetics, Cybernetics and kinetics (enzyme) science, The Progression from single cell to multi cell, Embryonic development, Cell proliferation and differentiation, Regulation and control mechanism of them (cancer that develops with the removing of control)

· Textbook

· Ders notları

Turkish Language II (2-0) 2

Sentence Information, Types of Written and Oral Composition, Characteristics of Prepared and Unprepared Speech (Examples of Conference Presentations in Different Topics), Types of Written Expression (thesis, report, minutes etc.) and Sample Texts. Different Texts from Turkish and World Literature

Textbook

· TDK Dilbilgisi; AK, Coşkun.

History of Ataturk's Principles Revolutions II (2 0) 2

In the context of Atatürk's Principles and Revolutions, which is organized in parallel with the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the Turkish and the restructuring of the state and the society, the internal and external political events that are faced with political, social, economic and cultural developments and changes that are taking place in our society, is evaluated.

· Textbook

· Komisyon, Atatürk İlkeleri ve Devrim Tarihi II, Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları, Bursa 2008.

· Atatürk'ün Söylev ve Demeçleri, I-III, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, Ankara, 1997.

Suplementary

· Bernard Lewis, Modern Türkiye’nin Doğuşu, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yay., Ankara 1993.

· İsmet Görgülü, Ana Hatlarıyla Türk İstiklal Harbi, Kastaş Yayınları, İstanbul 1985.

· Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Söylev, I-II, (Haz. H.V. Velidedeoğlu), Çağdaş Yay., İstanbul 1988.

Foreign Language-II (2-0) 2

Speaking, Writing, Reading and Listening experiences will be tried to develop in this lecture. In addition, students will also need to be able to read and understand works such as books and articles that will be welcomed in their next academic life and to be able to express in Turkish. For this reason, translation techniques will also be emphasized. At the end of the semester, students should have learned basic grammatical features of the English language and aim to develop them by writing, listening, reading and speaking.

Textbook

· Advanced Grammer in Use, Martin Hewings, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

ÜÇÜNCÜ DÖNEM/ İKİNCİ YIL

Cytology (3 0) 3

History of Cell Biology, cell structure, tools of biological structure investigations, chemical and other techniques used in examinations of cells, chemical structure of cell and biosynthesis, bioenergetics, the structure and properties of cell membrane, cell membrane's variations, endocytosis and exocytosis, Transport thermodynamics of energy transformations in mitochondria and chloroplasts, organelle structure and functions (nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisome and vacuole), Intracellular trafficking of proteins, Membrane fusion and vesicular transport, Cytoskeleton.

Textbook

· S. Karol, C. Ayvalı, Z. Suludere, Hücre Biyolojisi, Azim Maatbcılık.

Suplementary

· G. M. Cooper, Hücre: Moleküler Yaklaşım

· H. V. Güneş, Moleküler Hücre Biyolojisi, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi.

Cytology Lab I (0 2) 1

Equipment for examination of biological structures, investigation of the cells, light microscope, polarizing microscope, interference microscope, phase-contrast microscope, X-ray diffraction, structure of eukaryotic cell, structure of animal cell, structure of plant cell, structure of prokaryotic cell, structure of plasma membrane, differentiations on the plasma membrane, endocytosis and exocytosis, structure of microtubules, structure of microfilaments, structure of endoplasmic reticulum, structure of mitocondria, structure of golgi apparatus, structure of lysosome, structure of centriols, structure of ribosomes, structure of nucleus, structure of nucleolus, structure of chromatine, structure of chromosome, chemical and other techniques used in the examination of cells.

Textbook

· M. Ünal, F. Vardar, I. İsmailoğlu, Hücre Biyolojisi Lab., Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.

Organic Chemistry (3 0) 3

Carbon compounds and chemical bonds, sigma and pi bonds. Alkanes and cycloalkanes, be designated, and the free radical reactions. The structures, synthesis alkenes, and addition reactions of alkenes. Stereochemistry. Alkyl halides, nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. Alkynes, structures, synthesis and reactions. Conjugated unsaturated systems and addition reactions. The concept of aromatic compounds and aromatic. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Alcohols, phenols and ethers, be designated the synthesis and reactions. Aldehydes and ketones, nucleophilic addition reactions to the carbonyl group and on the a-carbon reactions. Carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof, their synthesis and the acyl carbon of the nucleophilic displacement reactions. Amines, nomenclature, preparation and reactions.

Textbook

· Organic Chemistry with Biological Applications, 2nd Ed., John McMurry, 2007

Suplementary

· Organik Kimya Tıp ve Biyoloji Öğrencileri İçin, Prof. Dr. Mustafa AKPOYRAZ, Güneş Tıp Kitabevi

· Organic Chemistry, Mc Murry, 2008

Molecular Biology I ( 3 0) 3

The structures and properties of biological macromolecules, Nucleotides building blocks of DNA, Structure and function of DNA and RNA, Genome structure, Organization of chromosomes, Duplication and seperation of chromosomes, Transcription and post-transcriptional modifications, Structure and functions of proteins, DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA repair mechanisms.

Textbook

· Moleküler Biyoloji, N. DİLSİZ, Palme Yayıncılık, 2009.

Suplementary

· G. M. Cooper, Hücre: Moleküler Yaklaşım

Molecular Biology Lab I ( 0 2) 1

Working principles of molecular biology laboratory instruments and apparatus, DNA isolation and quantitative analysis, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and optimization techniques, Gel electropheresis and analysis, gel preparation techniques.

Textbook

· N. Arda, G. Temizkan, Moleküler Biyolojide Kullanılan Teknikler, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım

Laboratory Technique and Job Safety (3 0) 3

General works health and safety rules, The reasons for occupational diseases and Risks in the laboratory. Ways of protection from accidents, injuries and diseases and protection techniques. Safe usage of lab. equipments, Informing about legal regulations. Risks arising from chemical, physical and biological agents, First aid and rescue.

· Textbooks

· Erdik, E., Obalı, M., Yüksekışık, N., Öktemer, A., Pekel, T. ve İhsanoğlu, E., "Denel Organik Kimya", (1997), A.Ü. Fen Fakültesi, Ankara;

· Soydan A. B., Koza G., Tan N., Tunca Ü. Genel Kimya Laboratuar Kitabı.

Biostatistics (3 0) 3

Descriptive statistics, possibility, frequency distributions, guessing, t and x2 tests, sampling. Korelasyon, Recreation, Variance Analysis, Nonparametric Methods, Demography, Index Numbers, Numerical Taxonomy.

Textbook

· Çömlekçi, N., (2005), Temel İstatistik İlke ve Teknikleri, Bilim Teknik Yayınevi, Eskişehir.

Suplementary

· Özdamar, K., (1999), SPSS ile Biyoistatistik, Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.

· Sümbüloğlu, K., Sümbüloğlu, V., (1990), Biyoistatistik , Hatipoğlu Kitabevi, Ankara

FOURTH PERIOD / SECOND YEAR

Tissue Biology (3 0) 3

Epithelial tissue, General features of epithelial tissue, Classification of epithelium and Epithelial Cell Types, Connective Tissue, Ground substance, Cells and wires, Connective Tissue Types, Adipose Tissue, Unilocular and Multilocular Adipose Tissue, Blood, Blood cells, blood platelets and Hematopoiesis, Cartilage tissue, Hyaline, Elastic and Wire (Fibrous) Cartilage, Bone tissue, Bone Cells, Matrix, Periosteum and Endosteum Bone Cell Types, Nerve Tissue, Neurons, Synapses, Neuroglia

Textbook

· Genel Histoloji, Prof.Dr. Turan AKAY(2006)

Suplementary

· Temel Histoloji, Prof.Dr. Yener AYTEKİN (1998)

· Histoloji, Prof.Dr. Şermin PAKER (1993)

· Genel Histoloji Atlası, Prof.Dr. Turan AKAY(2004)

Tissue Biology Laboratory (0 2) 1

Theoretically, taking, painting and microscopically examining all the sections of the described tissues.

Textbook

Ders notları

Plant Anatomy and Physiology (4 0) 4

The subject, scope and history of plant anatomy and physiology, The links between plant functions and the functions of plant anatomy and morphology, Internal structure and functions of plant cells, Structure of tissues and structure of organs, Anatomical features of plant cells and tissues, Chemical Composition of Plant Cells, Cell Wall and Membrane Systems, Permeability, Water and plant Cells, Contents and Functions of Water which in Plant Cells, Basic Events in Plant-Water Relationships, Water Use in Plant cells, Basic Events Related to Acquisition, Transport and Translocation of Water and Melt in Plant Cells, Transport Processes, Biophysics and Biochemistry of Photosynthesis, Light Reactions of Photosynthesis, Physiological and Ecological Importance of Carbon Metabolism, Movement physiology, stress physiology.

Textbook

· Plant Anatomy and Physiology. Aslam Kham. Kalpaz Publition in India, 2001

Suplementary

· Plant Physiology, Taiz, L., Zeiger, E.,

· Bitki Fizyolojisi, Ömer Bozdoğan

· Bitki Fizyolojisi, Önder, N., Yentür, S.,

· Yentür, S. (2000). Bitki Anatomisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, İstanbul.

· Bitki Fizyolojisi, Kadıoğlu, A.,

· Fotosentez, Akman, Y., Küçüködük, M., Evren, H., Öncel, I., Düzenli

· Esau, K. (1977). Anatomy of Seed Plants. University of California, Santa Barbara, California.

Molecular Biology II ( 3 0) 3

DNA replication, Mutations and DNA repair, homolog recombination, transposition, Cell connections, Cell adhesion and Extracellular matrix, gametes and fertilization, Cellular mechanisms of development, Maintenance and repair of differentiated cells and tissues, cancer, The foundations of genetic engineering, Molecular biology of the immune system

Textbook

· Moleküler Biyoloji, N. DİLSİZ, Palme Yayıncılık, 2009.

· Genetik, A. N. Bozcuk, Palme Yayıncılık.

Suplementary

· G. M. Cooper, Hücre: Moleküler Yaklaşım

Molecular Biology Laboratory II ( 0 2) 1

Isolation of genomic DNA from human blood cells, DNA isolation from human cheek epithelial cells, PCR and applications, Methods used to identify the DNA mutations.

Textbook

· N. Arda, G. Temizkan, Moleküler Biyolojide Kullanılan Teknikler, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım

Biodiversity (3 0) 3

Genetic diversity, Species diversity, Ecosystem diversity, Ecological diversity, Advantages on ecosystem functions, Economic benefits and prosperity of biodiversity, Benefits as nutrient and gene source, importance of Biodiversity, Ecology of biodiversity, Environmental health and tourism importance, importance of biodiversity in terms of culture and art, causes of biodiversity in Turkey, diversity of flora and fauna of Turkey.

· Textbook

· Anonim. Türkiye’ nin Biyolojik Zenginlikleri, Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayını, 2005.

Immunology (2 1) 3

Primary and secondary lymphoid organs and tissues, Lymphoid cells, Mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, Mast cells and platelets, complement, inflammation, antibodies, T cell receptors and MHC molecules, Antibody and T cell diversity, Antigen recognition and presentation, Cellular immunological response, Intercellular communication in antibody response, Cytokines, Regulation of immunological responses, Immunological tolerance, Immune response to the virus, Immunological response to bacteria and fungi, Parasite immunology, tumor immunology, primer immunodeficiency, secondary immunodeficiency, type I hypersensitivity reactions, Type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions, type IV hypersensitivity reactions, transplantation and rejection immunology, autoimmunity, immunological diagnostic methods.

Textbook

· Temel ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji, Şemsettin Ustaçelebi, 1.Baskı, Güneş Kitabevi, Ankara, 1999.

Suplementary

· Immunobiology, Janeway, Travers, Walport, Shlomchik, 6th Ed., Garland Science Publishing, USA, 2005.

FIFTH PERIOD / THIRD YEAR

Biochemistry I (3 0) 3

Different systems such as Cell, Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, Enzymes, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes, Oils, Vitamins, Hormones and Immune System are examined.

Textbooks

· P. Karlson (çeviri:A. Telefoncu), "Biyokimya", Arkadaş Tıp Kitapları,1992.

· Lippincott Biyokimyası, Engin Ulukaya ,Nobel tıp kitabevi, 2010

Biochemistry Laboratory I (0 3) 1

Introduction of laboratory materials, Laboratory rules, Solution preparation techniques, pH and buffer solutions, Paper chromatography, Protein reactions (Ninhidrin, Ksantoprotein reactions, Biuret reaction, Tanred, Haller, Purdy), Carbohydrate tests (Qualitative Benedict and Fehling), Determination of carbohydrate by polarimeter and spectrophotometer

· Textbook

· Ders Notları

Physiology I (3 2) 4

Basic principles of animal morphology and physiology, Morphological characteristics of animals will be taught. The physiological characteristics of the morphologically studied creatures in this period will be explained to the students. In this way, the subject will be fully examined and all students will be given the subject.

Textbook

· “Hayvan Fizyolojisi (Animal Physiology)”, 2001. Çevik, İ. E., Göçmen, B., Mermer, A., Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi, No: 169, Bornova-İzmir.

Supplementary Textbooks

· Prof. Dr. Melekper ÖKTAY. Omurgalı Hayvanların Karşılaştırmalı Anatomisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Basımevi- İstanbul

· Eckert: Animal Physiology, 2001. Eckert R, D.J. Randall, W Burggren, K French, WW. Burggren (Editor). W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd; 5Rev Ed edition,

· Dersi veren öğretim üyesinin ders notları, önerilen kaynak kitaplar

Basic Microbiology (3 0) 3

This course covers the structure, metabolism, genetics and ecology of bacteria. It teaches basic methods such as laboratory applications, sterilization techniques and enrichment cultures. In addition, various experiments demonstrating bacterial physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology are performed.

Textbooks

· Lippincott Mikrobiyoloji, Özdem Anğ, Nobel Tıp Kitap Evi, 2010.

· Özçelik, S., Genel Mikrobiyoloji, Yayın No:1, 3. Baskı, SDÜ Ziraat Fakültesi, Isparta, 2009.

Suplementary

· Madigan MT, Martinko JM, Dunlap PV, Clark DP. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Twelfth Edition, Benjamin Cummings, US,2009.

· Bilgehan, H. Temel Mikrobiyoloji ve Bağışıklık Bilimi, 10. Baskı, Barış Yayınları Fakülteler Kitabevi Bornova, İzmir, 2002 

· Hogg, S., Essential Microbiology, John Wiley & Ltd., West Sussex PO19 85Q, England, 2005: 0471497541.

Basic Microbiology Laboratory (0 3) 1

Sterilization and disinfection, Nutrition and reproduction characteristics of microorganisms, Bacteria, Virus, Fungus, differences and reproduction characteristics in vitro, Basic media used in Microbiology Laboratory and usage purposes, Isolation and identification of microorganisms, Measurement of biochemical activities of microorganisms, Dyes and dyeing methods used for dyeing microorganisms, Preparation of microscopic preparations of microorganisms, Serological methods used in recognition of microorganisms.

Textbooks

· Ders notları

Molecular Genetic (3 2) 4

Introduction and History; Application Methods in Genetics and Application Fields of Genetics, Cell division and chromosomes, cell cycle and mitosis division, meiosis division and gametogenesis, genotype, phenotype, gene, allele, cross, definition of monogenic and polygenic inheritance concepts. The essence of Mendel's experiments, Mendelian Genetics (monohybrid, dihybrid and trihybrid crosses), control (test) crosses and statistical analysis of crossing results. Pedigree analysis, deviations from Mendel's ratios (missing dominance, codominancy, multiple alleles, lethal alleles) X chromosome linkage in humans, Reaction Norm, Deviations from Mendelian genetics (complementarity, supplementarity, polygenic inheritance), Probability and Chi Chi test, Sex Identification and Sexual Inheritance, internal and external environmental factors on effective genetic expression (Penetrance, expressivity, suppression and position effect, temperature) (Conjugation, transduction, transformation), Cytoplasmic Inheritance, Linked Genes and Chromosome Maps, Advanced mapping techniques (tetrat analyzes) in eukaryotes and gene mapping in prokaryotic organisms, Mutations, types of chromosomal mutation-I (Changes in chromosome structure), Chromosomal mutation types-II (Changes in the number of chromosomes), Population genetics (Detection of allele frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg law, methods based on the definition of genetic variation and genetic variation), Population genetics-II (Effects that cause allele frequencies to change: Mutation, genetic drift, random allelic frequency changes, migration and natural selection).

· Textbooks

· TEMİZKAN, O. G., Genetik, I. Temel Genetik, İ. Ü. Fen Fakültesi Basımevi, 2. Baskı, İstanbul 1994.

Suplementary

· TEMİZKAN, O. G., Genetik, II. Moleküler Genetik, İ. Ü. Fen Fakültesi Basımevi İstanbul 1994, T. C. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınlarından Sayı = 4067, Fen Fakültesi No = 245, ISBN 975-404-429-9

SIXTH PERIOD / THIRD YEAR

Biochemistry II(3 0) 3

To gain basic biochemistry knowledge about biological molecules, carbonhydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, minerals.

Textbooks

· Biochemistry, D. Voet, Judith G. Voet, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 3rd Ed., 2004.

· Lippincott biyokimya, Engin Ulukaya, Nobel tıp kitabevi,2010

Suplementary Textbooks

· Biyokimya, Kalaycıoğlu L, Serpek B.,Nizamlıoğlu M.,Başpınar N.,Tiftik A.,Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2000.

· Fundamentals of Biochemistry, 2nd Ed., D. Voet, Judith G. Voet, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2006.

· Mathews C.K., Holde K. E., Ahern K. G., Biochemistry, Addison Wesley Longman, San Francisco,1999.

· Pingoud A., Urbanke C., Hoggett J., Jeltsch A., Biochemical Methods, Wiley-VCH, 2002.

Biochemistry Laboratory II(0 3) 1

Experimental Studies Related to Enzymes: Regulation of the functions of enzymes, Enzyme activation, Measurement of enzyme activation, Enzyme characterization, Enzyme stimulating molecules; DNA Isolation from Cultured Cells, PCR, Preparation of Cell Settlement, Cell Degradation, Phenol Extraction, Ribonuclease Treatment, Relation of DNA Restriction Enzymes, Execution of DNA in Agarose Gel.

Textbook

· Ders Notları

Physiology II (3 2) 4

Basic principles of animal morphology and physiology, Morphological characteristics of animals will be taught. The physiological characteristics of the morphologically studied creatures in this period will be explained to the students. In this way, the subject will be fully examined and all students will be given the subject

Textbook

· “Hayvan Fizyolojisi (Animal Physiology)”, 2001. Çevik, İ. E., Göçmen, B., Mermer, A., EgeÜniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi, No: 169, Bornova-İzmir.

Suplementary

· Prof. Dr. Melekper ÖKTAY. Omurgalı Hayvanların Karşılaştırmalı Anatomisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Basımevi- İstanbul

· Eckert: Animal Physiology, 2001. Eckert R, D.J. Randall, W Burggren, K French, WW. Burggren (Editor). W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd; 5Rev Ed edition,

· Dersi veren öğretim üyesinin ders notları, önerilen kaynak kitaplar

· Weaver. Hedrick, Genetics, Third Edition. Wm. C. Brown Publishees. ISBN- O- 697-1600-9, 1997.

Anatomy (3 1) 4

Knowledge of general anatomy, Terminology, Skeletal-muscle-respiratory-circulatory-digestive-excretory-reproductive-endocrine-nervous systems and general properties and working principles of sense organs

· Textbooks

· Cumhur M. (editör), Temel Anatomi, ODTÜ Geliştirme Vakfı, Yayıncılık ve Iletişim, A.Ş.- METU PRESS, 1’inci Baskı, Kasım 2001.

· Netter F.H., Atlas of Human Anatomy, CIBA-GEIGY CORPORATION, SUMMIT NEW JERSEY, 1989.

Molecular Microbiology (3 2) 4

Identification of microbial metabolism, Comparison of metabolic activity types, What is microbial growth?, Calculation of growth kinetics, Assessment of environmental conditions for growth control of microorganisms, Diseases caused by microorganisms, Microorganism host relationship, pathogenicity, types of immunity, practical applications in immunology, immune system diseases, antimicrobial strategies, Eye and skin diseases, Nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, digestive system, urogenital diseases, Environmental and Industrial microbiology, Food microbiology and microorganism based biotechnological applications.

Textbooks

· Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11e/12e, Madigan / Martinko / Dunlap / Clark (ISBN: 0-13-219226-8),  2007-2008

· Microbiology, an introduction, 10 e, Funke/Case/Tortora, 2011

SEVENTH PERIOD / FOURTH YEAR

Graduation Thesis I (0 2) 1

Use of biological databases for literature review, Hypothesis for solving biology problems, Application of molecular biology and genetic techniques in the laboratory individually or in groups, Interpretation of test results, Bioinformatics analysis and presentation of projects.

Genetic engineering (3 2) 4

Introduction to genetic engineering and Identification of usage areas of genetic engineering, Cloning steps and strategies, selection, vectors used in genetic engineering and their properties, host organism types, Genomic and cDNA cloning strategies via blast, theoretical applications cloning primer and vector selection, Generation steps of genomic DNA and cDNA libraries, Usage Areas, Genomic Analysis and Human Genome Project, Mutagenesis of cloned DNA and mutant DNA selection strategies, Theoretical application of genomic and cDNA site direct mutagenesis through blast mutagenesis, Discussion of methods and methods of placing DNA in a host organism, Fusion recombinant protein cloning, Expression and purification steps, SiRNA and miRNA technology and application areas.

Textbooks

· An Introduction to Genetic Engineering, DST. Nicholl, 3. Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2008.

· Introduction to Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, A J. Nair, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2008.

· Genetic Engineering (Genetics & Evolution), R. Hodge,  Facts on File, 2009. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics, SB. Primrose, R. Twyman, 7. Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2006.

· Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction, T. Brown, 6. Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

· Gene Therapy: Treatments and Cures for Genetic Diseases, J. Panno, Facts on File (J), 2010.

Biotechnology (3 2) 4

Introduction to biotechnology, what is biotechnology, world and biotechnology, substrates and biotechnology, genetics and biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology, molecular biotechnology, prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, E. coli, Saccoromyces cerevisiae, DNA, RNA and Protein synthesis, bioprocesses and biotechnology, enzyme technology, manipulation of gene expressions, recombinant protein production, direct mutagenesis, protein engineering, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, antibiotics, transgenic plant and gene therapy.

Textbooks

· Arda, M. (1995). Biyoteknoloji (Bazı Temel İlkeler). KÜKEM Derneği Yayınları, Ankara.

Suplementary

· Telefoncu, A. (1995). Biyoteknoloji. Ege üniv. Basımevi, İzmir.

· Higgens, I.J., Best, D.J., Jones, J. (1985). Biotechnology: Principles and Applications. Blackwell, London.

EIGHT PERIOD / FOURTH YEAR

Graduation Thesis II (0 2) 1

Use of biological databases for literature review, Hypothesis for solving biology problems, Application of molecular biology and genetic techniques in the laboratory individually or in groups, Interpretation of test results, Bioinformatics analysis and presentation of projects.

Evolutionary Biology (3 0) 3

A brief look at evolution and evaluation, An example of evolution: HIV, Evidences of evolution, Geological timelines, Natural selection, The mechanism of evolutionary change: mutations and genetic diversity, Mendel Genetics in Population I: The effect of selection and evolution on mutation, Mendel Genetics in Populations II: Migration, Genetic drift and non-random mating, Evolution in multiple loci: Linkage, Sex and Quantitative genetics, Adaptation and Sexual selection, Story of life, Speciation mechanisms, The creation of evolutionary trees, The origin of life and Precambrian evolution, The cambrian explosion, Human evolution, Molecular evolution, Evolution and Human health.

Textbook

· D. Futuyma, Evolution, Palme Publishing

Biosecurity and Ethics (3 0) 3

Determination of the adverse effects of modern biotechnology application techniques and modern biotechnology products on human and animal health and the environment, To inform about the legal arrangements for the elimination of the probability of occurrence of identified risks or for the control of the damages that may arise in case of the occurrence of risks, International regulations on labeling GMOs, Biosecurity arrangements for GMOs in developing countries, Biosafety Regulations in the European Union, International Biosafety Regulations, To examine the concepts of ethics and morality, To examine the ethical systems, To examine the factors that play a role in the formation of morality, To examine the profession ethics, To examine the results of professional corruption and unethical behaviors in professional life, To examine the concept of social responsibility

Textbook

· Bioethics and Biosafety in Biotechnology, Krishna Newage International Publishers,

Supplementary Textbooks

· Regulating Agricultural Biotechnology: Economics and Policy. Just (Ed.), Alstan (Ed.), Zilberman (Ed.)

· Biotechnology and Biosafety, Serageldin (Ed.), Collins (Ed.) World Bank

· Bioethics Choices, Bioethics Association Publication No.1, Ankara, (1996).

ELECTIVE COURSES

Third Semester

Instrumental Analysis (2 0) 2

Electroanalytical methods and basic principles (potantiometry, conduitometry, voltammetry, polarography, amperometry, electrogravimetry) and applications of these methods to stationary and fluid systems, Definition and some concepts of spectroscopic methods, UV, GB, IR and Raman spectroscopy molecular fluorimetry, nephometry, turbidimetry, polarimetry, refractometry, flame emission spectroscopy (FES), Basic principles of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), electrothermal atomizer AAS (ETAAS), atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) and other spectroscopic analysis techniques.

Textbook

· D. A. Skoog - F.J. Holler –T. A. Nıeman, Instrumental Analysis Principles, Bilim Publications, 2006.

International Environmental Law (2 0) 2

Legal view of the subjects of Water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution (pollution occurring on the soil due to chemicals used in wastes and agriculture), destruction of fauna and flora (destruction of biological diversity, extinction of species), Transgenic pollution (threats to GMO products), ozone depletion, global warming (climate changes that result from increased carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere), Acid rain (a problem of industrial gases especially in industrialized northern countries), Noise pollution (harmful and undesirable open air noises), electromagnetic pollution (radiation and base stations etc.), Desertification (especially overgrazing and fruitful erosion resulting from excessive planting), deforestation (forest fires, establishment of new settlements and opening of agriculture)

Textbook

· Prof. Dr. Nükhet Turgut, Environmental Policy and Law, Imaj Publishing House, Ankara, 2009

Molecular Terminology (2 0) 2

Latin and Greek words and phrases used in molecular biology, idioms, suffixes (prefix, suffix) and jewels

Textbook

· Lecture Notes

Science Philosophy (2 0) 2

What is philosophy? Definition, subject, purpose, methodology, relation between science and philosophy: In what way and why does philosophy deal with science? Believing in science: The importance of science and the need, How do we define science? Fundamental elements of scientific explanations, a) Scientific knowledge, b) scientific method, main concepts of scientific method: Hypothesis, Foresight, Theory, Law, Science, false science, fake-science concepts, The principle of falsifiability, The principle of falsifiability as the criterion for distinguishing the scientific from the non-scientific, Innovations brought about by scientific method of falsifiability principle

Textbook

· Cemal Yıldırım, Bilim Felsefesi, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2006.

· Karl Sagan, Karanlık Bir Dünyada Bilimin Mum Işığı, Tübitak Yayınları, Ankara, 2000

· Bryan Magee, Karl Popper’ın Bilim Felsefesi ve Siyaset Kuramı, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul, 1984

Vocational English (2 0) 2

Explanation of current issues related to Molecular Biology and genetic issues with scientific professional foreign language.

Textbook

· Actual-scientific articles

Fourth Semester

Cell Signal Transduction Pathways (2 0) 2

Receptors responsible for signal transduction in cell membranes and cells (Tyrosine Kinase Receptors, G protein-coupled receptors, etc.), cAMP signal pathway, cGMP signal pathway, Nitric Oxide and Carbon monoxide, Peptide Hormones and Growth Factors, Voltage Working Channels, Calcium mediated signal transduction, Ras, Raf and MAPK pathway, JAK / STAT pathway, Signal transduction and cell skeleton

Textbook

· Lecture Notes

Toxicology (2 0) 2

History of toxicology, development of toxicology, general concepts and principles, Types of poisoning and undesirable effects of poisons, Toxicokinetic, general causes of poisoning diagnosis and treatment, Metals and other inorganic substances, Pesticides, Mycotoxins, Toxic fungi, Bacterial toxins, Animal toxins, Environmental Toxicology

Textbook

· Enviromental Toxicology, Wayne G.Landis, Ming-Ho Yu, Lewis publishers third edition

Stress Biology (2 0) 2

What is Stress? History of Stress, What Causes Stress Changes in the Body? General Pathology of Systematic Stress, Oxygen and Living Things, Radicals as Reactive Species, Stress Protection

Textbook

· RJ. Contrada, A. Baum (2011. The handbook of Stress Science: Biology, Psychology, and Health, ISBN:978-0-82611771-7, Springer Publishing Company, New York.

Pathology (2 0) 2

Introduction to pathology, cell injury, inflammation and healing, etiology, body fluids, immunology, neoplasia, pathology of all systems.

Textbook

· Prof. Dr. Gamze Mocan KUZEY, (2006), Temel Patoloji, Güneş Kitapevi

· Prof. Dr. Uğur ÇEVİKBAŞ, (2003), Robins Temel Patoloji, Nobel Tıp Kitapevi

· Prof. Dr. Şükrü Oğuz ÖZDAMAR, Robins Temel Patoloji Cep Kitabı (2008), Güneş Kitapevi

Vocational English II (2 0) 2

Explanation of current topics related to Molecular Biology and genetics with scientific professional foreign language.

Textbook

· Current scientific articles

Fifth Semester

Cell and Tissue Culture (2 0) 2

Historical development of cell and tissue culture studies, relation with other biology disciplines. Cytoplasmic structure of plant and animal cells, The chemical properties of the cytoplasm, its contribution to the preparation of artificial culture media. Rules that must be observed in synthetic tissue culture (cleaning of materials, purity and freshness, precaution of equipment), What is stock solution? Calculations and preparations for the construction of a stock solution. Secondary metabolites produced by plant and animal cells, The technical details necessary to establish a tissue culture laboratory. Instruments and their importance in tissue culture laboratory.

Textbook

· Basic Cell Culture (2nd edition). J. M. DAVIS, Oxford University Pres, 2002.

Supplementary Textbooks

· Culture of Cells for Tissue Engineering. G. VUNJAK-NOVAKOVIC, Wiley-Liss, 2006.

· Basic Cell Culture Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology). C. D. HELGASON, Humana Press (3rd edition), 2004.

· Plant Tissue Culture. Robertha H.Smith (1991). Academic Pres, New York, Boston. Tokyo.

Scientific Research Methods (2 0) 2

Science; Scientific paradigms (traditional understanding of science, understanding of post modern knowledge); Qualifications of scientific research; Types of scientific research; Parts of a scientific research, Problem selection; Research models (screening and trial models); Universe and sample; The validity and reliability of data collection tools; Content analysis; Survey; Attitude and Attitude scales; Observation; Interview; Ethical rules in the scientific investigation

· Textbook

· İslamoğlu, H.A. (2002). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. İstanbul: Beta.

· Kaptan, S. (1991). Bilimsel araştırma ve istatistik teknikleri. Ankara.

· Karasar, N. (2000). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. (10.baskı). Ankara: Nobel.

· Karasar, N. (1991). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama. (5.baskı). Ankara.

· Kılıççı, Y. (1995). “Bir araştırma raporu eleştirisinde ve düzenlenmesinde kullanılabilecek ölçütler”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11, 179-182.

Stem Cell Technology (2 0) 2

Definition, types and sources of stem cells. Elongation and multiplication of embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cell differentiation and its applications. Non-embryonic stem cells: Adult stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, peripheral blood stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, Stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells. Other adult stem cells. Stem cell plasticity. Stem cell markers. Stem cell usage areas.

Textbook

· Basic Cell Culture (2nd edition). J. M. DAVIS, Oxford University Pres, 2002.

Supplementary Textbooks

· Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Ann A. Kiessling, Scott Anderson, 2006.

Cytogenetic (2 0) 2

Human chromosomes and karyotype analysis methods, mechanism of chromosomal alterations, molecular techniques to detect chromosomal alterations, Clinical outcomes of acquired and structural chromosome changes, evaluation of the risk of reproduction of chromosomal abnormalities, Molecular cytogenetic techniques, gene rearrangements in Molecular diagnosis.

· Textbook

· M. Topaktaş, E Rencüzoğulları, Sitogenetik, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık

Hybridoma Technology (2 0) 2

Definition of hybridoma technology, history of hybridoma technology, definition of lymphocytes, antibodies, antigens and epitope, definition of monoclonal antibody, monoclonal antibody production, living beings used in monoclonal antibody production, Use areas and benefits of monoclonal antibodies, culture of cancer cells, hybridoma imaging techniques (SDS-page, western blots)

Textbook

· Hybridoma technology in the biosciences and medicine. Timothy A. Springer, Plenum Press, 1985

Supplementary Textbooks

· Hybridoma technology in agricultural and veterinary research G- reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subject series. Norman J. Stem, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Rowman & Allanheld, 1984.

· Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Clinic. Zhiqiang An, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

Transgenic Plants (2 0) 2

Strategies used in the problems and solutions in agriculture in the world and in our country, Overview of transgenic plant growth and development, Explants used in developing transgenic plants, Gene transfer methods, Selection and imaging strategies, Stability and level of expression of transgenes, Silencing to develop transgenic products, Strategies developed at the entrance of transgen, expression and stability in plants, Source genes and vectors used in transgenic technologies, Organelle transformation, Biosynthesis and biotransformations.

Textbook

· Transgenic Crop Plants Vol I Principles and Development, Chittaranjan Kole, Charles H. Michler, Albert, G. Abbott, Timothy C. Hall (Eds.), 2010

Supplementary Textbooks

· Compendium of Transgenic Crop Plants Vol.1, Transgenic Cereals and Forage Prosses,Chittaranjan Kole, Timothy C. Hall (Eds.), Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

· Plant Biotechnology, The genetic manipulation of plants, Second Edition, Adrian Slater, Nigel W.Scott, Mark R. Fowler, Oxford University Press, 2008.

SIXTH SEMESTER

Special Virology (2 0) 2

Virology history, Satellites, Viroids and prions, Live host systems, Cell culture methods, Serological / immunological methods, Virus genomes, Virus genetics, Genomic structures: dsDNA, ssDNA (+ sense), dsRNA, ssRNA (+ sense), ssRNA (- sense), ssRNA-RT (+ sense) and dsDNA-RT viruses, Expression of viruses: Expression of genetic information, control of prokaryotic gene expression, Viral diseases, Virus related cancer.

Textbook

· Cann, A. J. (2001) . Principles of Molecular Viroloji. Academic pres ISBN 0-12-158533-6

· Dimmock, N.,Easton A. And Leppard, K. (2006). Introduction to Modern Virology. John Wiley & Sons ISBN-13:978-1405136457

· Carter, J. And Saunders, V. (2007). Virology: Principles and Applications. Wiley ISBN-13: 978-0470023877

· Wagner, E.K.,Hewlett, J., Bloom, D. C. and Camerini, D. (2007). Basic Virology. Wiley-Blackwell ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-4715-6

Chromosomes (2 0) 2

Structure of cell, cell division: cytogenesis, karyokinesis, mitosis division, meiosis division, structure of chromosomes, nucleosome, chromosome condensation of chromatin string, chromosome theory in inheritance, control of cell division.

Textbook

· Karol, S., Suludere, Z. 1992. Hücre Çekirdeği ve Kromozomlar, Gazi Üniversitesi Yayınları No;173

Bacterial Metabolism (2 0) 2

Introduction to metabolism, formation of ATP, enzymes and their roles in metabolism, energy production reactions, acid fermentation (Butyric acid fermentation, butanol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation), Anapleurotic reactions, Transfer of nutrients, Regulation of protein biosynthesis and enzyme activity, Lipid metabolism.

Textbook

· Tortora, G., Funke, B., Case, C. (2002). Microbiology: An Introduction 7th edition, Cummings Publishing Co.

Supplementary Textbook

· B. H. Kim and G. M. Gadd 2008 Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism. Cambridge University Press

Enzymology (2 0) 2

Structure and functions of enzymes, general catalysis mechanisms of enzymes and enzyme kinetics, general principles of enzyme activity units and activity measurements, classification of enzymes and characteristic reactions. Control and inactivation of enzymes. Enzyme sources and criteria enzyme selection criterion, principles of enzyme production from microorganisms, enzyme extraction from various sources, isolation and formulation, application areas of enzymes and immobilized enzymes.

Textbook

· H.Uhling, Industrial Enzymes and Their Applications

Endocrinology (2 0) 2

Identification of endocrine system, chemical stimulants and their effects, chemical structure of hormones, mechanism of hormone function, classification of hormones, endocrine glands and hormones, pituitary gland hormones and their functions, troit and paratroit gland hormones and their functions, glandular hormones and their functions, epiphysis and pancreatic gland and their functions, adrenal gland hormones and their functions, regional regulators.

Textbook

· J. L. Jameson , T. Akçay, Harrison Endokrinoloji, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi

Transgenic Animals (2 0) 2

Gene transfer (micro-injection, embryonic stem cell use, retroviral vectors, other gene transfer methods); Gene transmissions (establishment of transgenic lines, Trangenic animal breeding programs); Transgenic expressions (eukaryotic gene structure and functions, textural properties of transgenic expression, activities of transgenic expressions); Trangenic mouse applications (Disease models, Oncogenes, Immune system); Transgenic applications in farm animals (Growth and carcass compositions, biochemical pathways and yield quality, gene farm, disease tolerance); Transgenic poultry; Transgenic fish; Future prospects and problems in transgenic animals.

Textbook

· Louis-Marie Houdebine, Transgenic Animals, 1997

Suplemantary

· James D Murray, Gary B Anderson, Anita M Oberbauer and Martina M McGloughlin Transgenic Animals in Agriculture, 1999.

Bioinformatics (2 0) 2

Biological databases, bioinformatics resources and information access;

Basis of protein structure, protein databases, protein sequence-structure-function relations, Sequence comparison methods: Binary sequence comparison algorithms, fast database scanning methods, conservation of amino acid residues and score matrices, Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees, Protein families, motifs, patterns ; Screening of secondary protein databases; Pattern, motif screening, Classification of proteins and determination of secondary structures, Protein identification and analysis tools, Display of 3D (three dimensional) structures of proteins, Comparison of protein structures.

Textbook

· Introduction to Bioinformatics. Lesk, A.M. (ed.). Oxford University Press, 2002

Suplemantary

· Introduction to Bioinformatics: a Theoretical and Practical Approach. Krawetz, S.A. and Womble, D.D. (ed.). Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 2003.

· Bioinformatics: Genes, Proteins and Computers, Orengo, C.A., Jones, D.T. and Thornton, J.M. Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers, New York, 2003.

· Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis. Mount, D.W. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Cold Spring Harbor, USA, 2004.

· Structural Bioinformatics. Bourne, P.E. and Weissig, H. John Wiley, 2003.

Molecular Technology (2 0) 2

Current information on technologies and applications in the field of Molecular Biology and Genetics.

Textbook

· Courses notes and articles.

Medical Biochemistry (2 0) 2

Body fluids and CSF biochemistry, Coagulation biochemistry, Liver-kidney-thyroid function tests, Cancer biochemistry and tumor markers, Plasma proteins and acute phase reactants, Lipoproteins and atherosclerosis.

· Textbook

· Prof. Dr. İdris Mehmetoğlu, Klinik Biyokimya El Kitabı (Hematoloji ve Seroloji Laboratuvarları İlaveli), Nobel Tip Kitabevi, 2013

Microbial Biotechnology (2 0) 2

Genomic cloning and sequence analysis, genomic sequence analysis, eukaryotic microbial genomes, evolution and gene families of organelles, molecular cloning, plasmids and lambda bacteriophages used as cloning vectors, proteomics, isolation of plasmid DNA, restriction endonucleases of recombinant plasmids, Host organisms used in cloning, synthetic DNA polymerase chain reaction, genes cloned in bacteria, insulin and vaccine production, recombinant vaccines, DNA vaccines, cloning vectors used in plants, applications in plant biotechnology, basic information on genetic engineering.

Textbook

· Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M., Dunlap, P.V., Clark, D.P., Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Twelfth Edition, Benjamin Cummings, US,2009.

Suplemantary

· Smith, JE, Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.

Environmental Biotechnology (2 0) 2

In this course; Biotechnological applications in biodegradation, environmental microbiology, micro-organisms used in biotechnological applications, biotechnological applications in solid wastewater treatment, wastewater and treatment, heavy metal pollution and remediation, microbial leaching, biogas production, biodegradation in coal desulphurization.

Textbook

· Course notes

Forensic Genetics (2 0) 2

Genetic Markers and Blood Groups, Biological Specimens and DNA Isolation Methods, Mitochondrial DNA and Analysis Techniques - Use in Forensic Occurrence, SNP (Single Nucleotid Polymorphism) and Identification, Advancement of DNA Banks in Case Analysis.

Textbook

· John M. Butler Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing (2009) National Institute of standards and  technology Gaithersburg,Maryland,USA

· William Goodwin, Adrian linacre, Sibte Hadi. An Introduction To  Forensic Genetics   (2007) Jhon Wiley Ltd.England, ISBN:978-0-470-01025-9

Embryology (2 0) 2

The history of animal embryology, Embryology types, Oogenesis, Spermatogenesis,

Sperm and egg morphology, Egg types, Egg types, Segmentation and types, Gastrulation and types, Morphogenesis, Determination, Induction and organizational regions, Fertilization, Mesoderm and Ceulom formation, embryonic and ontogenic development in various animal groups.

Textbook

· T. W. Sadler, Langman Medikal Embriyoloji, Palme Yayıncılık

Human Genetics (2 0) 2

Human Genetics, Chromosome anomaly diseases and detection methods, Mitochondrial inheritance, Molecular mechanism of hereditary metabolic diseases, Behavioral genetics, Developmental genetics, Immunogenetics, Pharmacogenetics, Human genetics and society

Textbook

· Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications, R Lewis, 9. Edition,  McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math, 2009.

· Human Genetics and Genomics, BR. Korf, 3. Edition, Wiley-Blackwel, 2006

· Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine, R Nussbaum, RR. McInnes,  HF Willard, 7 edition,  Saunders, 2007.

EIGHTH PERIOD

Biotechnological Metabolites (2 0) 2

Biotechnological metabolites (primary and secondary metabolites); Microbial production of primary metabolites (organic acids and organic solvents); Secondary metabolite production; Biopharmaceuticals; Antibiotic production; Biopharmaceuticals; Recombinant drugs (hormone, vaccine, interferon and antibody production)

Textbook

· Biotechnology: Secondary Metabolites K. G. Ramawat , J. M. Merillon ; ntroduction to BiotechnologyWilli ThiemanMichael A. PalladinoWilliam

· Thiemanhttp://www.campusi.com/author_.htm;http://www.campusi.com/author_.htm Biotechnology of Antibiotics and Other Bioactive Microbial Metabolites Giancarlo Lancini, Rolando Lorenzetti;

· Course notes

Antibiotics and Biotechnological Production (2 0) 2

Antibiotic types and their mechanisms of action, Macrolide antibiotics, Poliketide antibiotics, Aminoglycoside antibiotics, Beta-lactam antibiotics, Synthesis of antibiotics, Regulation of antibiotic synthesis, Genetics of antibiotic synthesis, Genes responsible for regulation, Biology of some antibiotics producing microorganisms, Strain preservation and storage, Fermentation technology

Textbook

· Biotechnology of Antibiotics and other Bioactive Microbial Metabolites G. Lancini, R. Lorenzetti, Springer; 1 edition (1993)

Suplemantary

· Secondary-Metabolite Biosynthesis and Metabolism (Environmental Science Research) Richard J. Petroski, Susan P. McCormick, Springer; 1 edition (1992)

Vaccine Production Technology (2 0) 2

Preparing Live Viral Vaccine and Inactivated Viral Vaccine, Inoculation to Chicken Egg Embryo, Cell Culture Inoculation, Inactivation Methods, Lyophilization

Textbook

· Derek T. O’Hagan (2000).  Vaccine adjuvants: Preparation methods and research protocols, Humana Press, New Jersey, 342.

· Guido Grandi. (2004). Genomics, proteomics, and vaccines Chichester ; Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 313.

Recombinant DNA Technology (2 0) 2

Genomic application methods, molecular biology methods used in recombinant DNA technology, cloning and expression of genes, DNA cutting enzymes, cloning and expression vectors used in gene transfer, DNA gel electrophoresis, hybridization methods, gene transfer methods, DNA sequence analysis, Polymerase Chain Reactions, Genomic and cDNA libraries and their uses, Gene Expression and protein analysis, Effects of recombinant DNA technology

Textbook

· Principles of Gene Manipulation Sandy B., Primrose, Richard M. Twyman, Madlen, MA; Oxford: Blackwell Pub., (2006)

Suplemantary

· Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction, Fourth Edition T.A Brown

· An Introduction to Genetic Engineering (Studies in Biology) (2002) Desmond S. T.

Proteomics Genomics (2 0) 2

Prokaryote - eukaryote difference, Protein chemistry,  The structure of the plasmid DNNA, Genomic Cloning and Sequence Analysis, Proteomics, Genetic Mapping, Characterization of genomes, Proteomic and Genomic Applications, Human Genome Project, Bioinformatics Analyzes.

Textbook

· Introducing Proteomics: From concepts to sample preparation, mass spectrometry and data analysis, josip Lovric, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011

· Intoduction to Proteomics: Principles and Applications (Methods of Biochemical Analysis), Nawin C.Mishra, Wiley, 2010

· Proteomics in Practice: A guide to successful experimental design. Reiner Westermeier, Tom Naxen, Hans-Rudolf Höpker, Wiley-VCH, 2008

Nanobiotechnology (2 0) 2

Bionanotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Molecular and Chemical Foundations of Interaction in Nanometer Biological Combination, Molecular Recognition and the Formation of Biological Structures, Bionanotechnology and its application areas (DNA and protein nano structures, DNA and protein based electronic applications, DNA arrays, DNA-Nanomechanical devices , DNA-based information repositories)

Textbook

· Bionanotechnology –Global Prospects, David E.Reisner, CRC Press

· Bionanotechnology-Elisabeth S.Papzoglou, Aravind Paryhasarathy, Morgan& Claypool Publishers

· Nanobiotechnology , concepts , applications and perspectives,  C.M Niemeyer, C.A. Mirkin, WILEY-VCH

Neurobiology (2 0) 2

Moving in Cell, Action Potential, Basic Functions of Synapses, Neurotransmitters-Neuromodulators, Second Reporters and Neuronal Function, Organization of Nervous System, Sensory Receptors and Basic Working Mechanisms, Skeletal Muscle Contraction, Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Neuronal Plasticity, Physiology of Neuroglia Cells

Textbook

· The Neuron: Cell and Molecular Biology, Irwin B. Levitan, Leonard K. Kaczmarek, Oxford University Press, USA; 3rd edition (2001)

Medical Microbiology (2 0) 2

Introduction and history, laboratory techniques, sampling, preparation of laboratory report, microorganisms in the normal flora of human body parts, infections caused by human flora or normal flora elements, properties of microorganisms, microbiological diagnosis, definition and treatment methods of diseases and practices.

Textbook

· Lewinson, W., Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji ve İmmunoloji, Çeviren Tuncay Özgünen, Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri, Ankara 2004.

Suplemantary

· Madigan, M.T., Martinko JM, Dunlap PV, Clark DP. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Twelfth Edition, Benjamin Cummings, US,2009.

Cancer Biology (2 0) 2

Kanser moleküler biyolojisi, geçmişi, bugünü ve geleceği ile tedavi stratejileri, Kanser moleküler biyolojisi ve mekanizmaları, hedefler ve tedavi ediciler (terapotik maddeler). Kansere neden olan defektif mekanizmalar, terapotik ajanlar, karsinogenesis, tümor virolojisi, onkogenler, tumor baskılayıcı genler, hücre döngüsü regülasyonu, angiogenesis, invazyon, metastasiz, kanser genomiks, kanser epidemiyolojisi ve kanser terapileri bu dersin içeriğini oluşturacaktır.

Textbook

· Molecular Biology of Cancer: Mechanisms, Targets, and Therapeutics, Lauren Pecorino, Oxford University Press, USA, 2008

· Cancer Biology, Raymon W. Ruddon, Oxford University Press, USA, 2007

· Principles of Cancer Biology, Lewis J. Kleinsmith, Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2005.

Biomembranes (2 0) 2

Functions of cell membrane and membranes, Chemical structure of cell membranes, Proteins in the horizons, Lipids in the membranes, Carbohydrates in the membranes, Chemical differences of the membranes, Liquid-Mosaic membrane model, Morphological differentiation of cell membranes, Morphological differentiation of cell membranes, , Facilitated Diffusion, Identification of Cells, Cell Adhesion, Intracellular Membrane Circulation; Their structure and functions, enveloped signals, negative receptor proteins

Textbook:

Course notes

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