history part 22 22] mughal empire notes - tnpsc tricks...akbar (1556 – 1605) during 1st five years...
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History Part – 22
22] Mughal Empire
Notes
Mughal Empire
Mughals belonged to a branch of the Turks called Chaghtai, which is named after
the second son of Chengiz Khan, the famous Mongol Leader.
The Foundation of the Mughal Empire in India was laid by Babur, who was a
Chagthai Turk.
Babur (1526 -1530)
Babur is the founder of the Mughal Empire in India.
He is a descendant of Timur (from his father’s side) and Chingez Khan
(from his Mother’s side).
His original name was Zahiruddin Muhammad.
In 1494 at the age of 11, Babur succeeded his father Umar Shaikh Mirza as
the ruler of Farghana (now a province of ChineseTurkistan).
Daulat Khan, the most powerful noble of Punjab, who was discontented with
Ibrahim Lodi, invited Babur to invade India.
Took interest in conquering India and launched four expeditions between
1519 and 1523.
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First battle of Panipat (21st April 1526)
B/w Babur & Ibrahim Lodi
Lodi was Killed
Babur occupied Delhi
Babar sent his son Humayun to seize Agra; & Claimed himself “ Emperor of
Hindustan”
cannons were used in india
Battle of Khanua (Near Agra → 1527)
Babur V/S Rana Sanga of Mewar
Babur won the battle & assumed the title of Ghazi
Babur’s Military Conquests
In 1504, Babur occupied Kabul.
In 1524, Babur occupied Lahore buthad to retreat to Kabul after Daulat
Khan turned against him.
In November1525, Babur attacked and occupied Punjab again.
On 21st April 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first Battle of
Panipat and quickly occupiedDelhi and Despite of vast and superior troop
Ibrahim Lodi lost in the battle due to Babur’s superior strategy and use of
artillery.
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The First Battle of Panipat marked the foundation of Mughal dominion in
India.
Babur occupied Delhi and sent his son Humayun to seize Agra.
Babur proclaimed himself as “Emperor of Hindustan”.
Rana Sangha
Rana Sangha of Mewar was a great Rajput warrior.
Hegave the toughest resistance to Babur’s expansion plans.
OnMarch 16, 1527, Rana Sangha, along with rulers of Marwar, Amber,
Gwalior, Ajmer and Chanderi and Sultan Mahmood Lodi (whom Rana
Sangha had acknowledged as ruler of Delhi) met Babur in a decisive contest
at Kanhwa, a village near Agra. The aim was to prevent the imposition of
another foreign repression on Babur succeeded over them by using similar
tactics as in the Battle of Panipat and assumed the title Ghazi.
In 1528, Babur captured Chanderi from another Rajput ruler Medini Rai.
On May 6, 1529, Babur met the allied Afghans of Bihar and Bengal on the
banks of Gogra,near Patna and defeated them. With this battle, Babur
occupied a considerable portion of northern India.
Babur met the allied Afghans ofBihar and Bengal on the banks
of Gogra, near Patna, and inflicted a crushing defeat on them. In the next
year, Babur defeated the Afghans in the Battle of Gogra in Bihar.
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On December 26, 1530, Babur died at Agra, at the age of His body was first
laid at Arambagh in Agra, but was later taken to Kabul, where it was
buried in one of his favourite gardens.
Estimate Of Babur
Babur was a great statesman and a man of solid achievements
He was also a great scholar in Arabic and Persian languages.
Turki was his mother tongue.
He wrote his memoirs, Tuzuk-i-Baburiin Turki language.
Humayun (1530-1540) and (1555 - 1556)
Humayun was the eldest son of Babur.
He was lacking wisdom, discretion, and strongdetermination and diligence
of his Thus, as a king he was a failure.
Humayun means “fortune” but he remained the most unfortunate ruler of the
Mughal Empire.
Humayun work as governor Badakshan
Six months after his succession,Humayun besieged the fortress of Kalinjar in
Bundelkhand, gained a decisive victory over Afghans at Douhrua and drove
out Sultan Mahmood Lodhi from Jaunpur, and even defeated Bahadur
Shah of Gujarat. His victories, however, were short-lived due to weakness of
his character.
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Humayun had three brothers, Kamran, Askari and Hindal
Humayun divided the empire among his brothers but this proved to be a
great blunder on his part.
Kamran was given Kabul and Kandahar.
Sambhal and Alwar were given to Askari and Hindal respectively.
Humayun captured Gujarat from Bahadur Shah and appointed Askari as its
governor
But soon Bahadur Shah recovered Gujarat from Askari who fled from there.
In the east, Sher Khan became powerful. Humayun marched against him and
in the Battle of Chausa, held in 1539, Sher Khan destroyed the Mughal army
and Humayun escaped from there.
Humayun reached Agra to negotiate with his brothers.
In 1540, in the Battle of Bilgram or Ganges also known as Battle of Kanauj,
Humayun was forced to fight with Sher Khan alone and after losing his
kingdom, Humayun became an exile for the next fifteen years.
In 1952, during his wanderings in deserts Sindh, Humayun married Hamida
Banu Begum, daughter of Sheikh Ali Amber Jaini, who had been a preceptor
of Humayun’s brother Hindal.
On November 23, 1542, Humayun’s wife gave birth toAkbar at Amarkot
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Amarkot’s Hindu chief RanaPrasad promised Humayun to help him to
conquer Thatta
However, Humayun could notconquer Bhakker or secure Thus, he left India
and lived under the generosity of ShahTahmashp of Persia.
Shah of Persia agreed to help Humayun by lend him a force of 14,000 men
on a condidtion to confirm to Shia creed, to have the Shah’s name
proclaimed in his Khutba and to give away Kandhar to him on his success.
In 1545, with Persian help Humayun captured Kandhar and Kabul and
recapture delhi and agra
Humayun sought help from the Iran ruler.
Later, he defeated his brothers Kamran and Askari.
In 1555, Humayun defeated the Afghans and recovered the Mughal throne.
After six months, he died in 1556 due to his fall from the staircase of his
library.
Humayun was kind and generous, though he was not a good General and
warrior.
He also loved painting and wrote poetry in Persian language.
The line “ If there was an possibility of falling , He was not a man to miss it
” refers to humayun.
Battle of Chausa (1539)
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Between Humayu & Sher Shah
Sher Shah destroyed Mughal army
Humayu fled from there
Battle of Kannauj or Bilgram (1540)
Between Humayu & Sher Shah
Brothers’ dint supported Humayu, hence he fought alone
Humayu was thoroughly defeated by Sher shah
Result → Humayu became exile for next 15 years
Sur Interregnum (1540-1555)
The founder of the Sur dynasty was Sher Shah, whose original name was
Farid.
He was the son of Hasan Khan, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar.
Later, Farid served under the Afghan ruler of Bihar, who gave him the title
Sher Khan for his bravery.
He defeated Humayun at the Battle of Chausa and became the ruler of Delhi
in 1540.
Sher Shah Sur (1540-1545)
Sher Shah waged extensive wars with the Rajputs and expanded his empire.
His conquests include Punjab, Malwa, Sind, Multan and Bundelkhand (last
expedition which was invaded in 1545).
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His empire consisted of the whole of North India except Assam, Nepal,
Kashmir and Gujarat.
The title of “Sher Khan” to Sher shah sur was given by Kamran who ruled
Jaunpur
Sher Shah’s Administration
Although his rule lasted for five years, he organized a brilliantadministrative
system. The central government consisted of several departments. The king
was assisted by four important ministers:
Diwan –i- Wizarat – also called as Wazir - in charge of Revenue
and Finance.
Diwan-i-Ariz – in charge of Army.
Diwan-i-Rasalat- Foreign Minister.
Diwan-i-Insha- Minister for Communications.
Shershah has the concept that all of them were equal infront of the law.
Sher Shah's Justice Administration was assisted by the chief Qazi.
Sher Shah’s empire was divided into forty seven sarkars. Chief Shiqdar (law
and
order) and Chief Munsif (judge) were the two officers in charge of the
administration ineach sarkar.
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Each sarkar was divided into several parganas. Shiqdar (military
officer),Amin (land revenue), Fotedar (treasurer) Karkuns (accountants)
were in charge of the administration of each pargana.
There were also many administrative units callediqtas.
The land revenue administration was well organized under Sher Shah.
Landsurvey was carefully done. All cultivable lands were classified into
three classes –good, middle and bad. The state’s share was one third of the
average produce and itwas paid in cash or crop. His revenue reforms
increased the revenue of the state.
Sher Shah introduced new silver coins called “Dam” and they were in
circulation till 1835.
In devanagri language shershahs name is scripted in the gold and silver
coins
Shershah was called "the father of modern currency".
His currency adjustment has improved the economic situation of the nation.
Sher Shah had also improved the communications by laying four
importanthighways. They were: 1. Sonargaon to Sind 2. Agra to Burhampur
3. Jodhpur to Chittorand 4. Lahore to Multan. Rest houses were built on the
highways for the convenience ofthe travelers.
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The military administration was also efficiently reorganized and Sher Shah
borrowed many ideas like the branding of horses from Alauddin Khalji.
The horse warming in the horse army is called as Dagh.
Estimate of Sher Shah
Sher Shah remained a pious Muslim and generally tolerant towards other
religions.
He employed Hindus in important offices. He was also a patron of art and
architecture.
He built a new city on the banks of the river Yamuna near Delhi. Now the
old fort called Purana Qila and its mosque is alone surviving. He also built a
Mausoleum at Sasaram, which is considered as one of the master pieces of
Indian architecture.
Shah also patronized the learned men. Malik Muhammad Jayasi wrote the
famous Hindi work Padmavat during his reign.
After Sher Shah’s death in 1545 his successors ruled till 1555
Sher shah was succeeded by his son Islam shah.The last ruler of sur dynasty
was sikkander shah sur who was defeated by humayun in 1555 by the battle
of sirhindh.
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Akbar (1556 – 1605)
During 1st five years of Akbars reign, Bairam khan acted as his guardian
appointed by humayun & consolidated Mughal empire
Second battle of Panipat ( 1556 )
Mughal rule was re-created in Delhi and Agra
Between Akbar & Hemu (Commander of Afgans)
Akbar emerged victorious with the help of Bairam Khan
Akbar married Rajput princess Jodha, daughter of Raja Bhairmal of
Amber
This marriage became a turning point in the history of Mughals, as
Rajputs supported them now
Many Rajputs like Raja Man singh & Raja Bhagwan Das were given
senior position in Akbar’s court
Akbar’s foster mother maham anaga controlled the affairs for two
years.The period of her rule was also known as “Petticoat Government”
Later, Akbar removed Bairam Khan and sent him to Mecca but Bairam
Khan was killed by an Afghan on his way.
The military conquests of Akbar were extensive.
Battle of Haldighati, 1576
Between Akbar and Maharana Pratap of Mewar
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Mughals under the leadership of Raja Man singh defeated Rana Pratap of
Mewar
Akbar was very tolerant towards religious policies → abolished pilgrim tax
& later Jiziya
He formed a strong alliance b/w Mughals & Rajputs which ensured peace in
Rajasthan & Northern India
Akbar annexed the rajput state of gondwana , Rani Durgavathi , offered a
stiff resistance , but she was defeated.
Akbar’s Relation with Rajputs
Akbar married the Rajput Princess, the daughter of Raja Bharmal.
For four generation, the Rajuputs served the Mughals and many served in
the positions of military generals as well.
Akbar appointed Raja Man Singh and Raja Bhagawan Das in the senior
position of the Mughal Administration.
Though majority of the Rajput states surrendered to Akbar, the Ranas of
Mewar continued to confront even though they were defeated several times.
In 1576, the Mugahl Army defeated Rana Pratap Singh in the battle of
Haldighati, following the defeat of Mewar, other leading Rajput leaders
surrendered to Akbar and accepted his
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Akbar’s policy towards Rajput was combined with a broad religious
toleration.
He abolished the pilgrim tax and later the jiziya.
Raja Todar, Raja mansingh, Raja Bhagawan Das, Birbhal is present in
Akbars court
Akbars Religious Policy
Akbar was not an orthodox muslim and was very tolerant.
Akbar's father was a Sunni muslim while his mother was a shia and his
gaurdian was a shia, and sheikh mubarak his tutor was also a shia all these
made akbar tolerant towards all religion.
Akbar was a pious Muslim but after marrying Jodha Bai of Amber, he
abolished pilgrim tax.
In 1562, he abolished jiziya.
He allowed his Hindu wives to worship their own gods.
In 1575, Akbar built Ibadat Khana (House of worship) at his new capital
Fatepur Sikri and invited scholars from all religions like Christianity,
Hinduism, Jainism, and Zoroastrianism.
He did not like the intrusion of the Muslim Ulemas in political matters.
In 1579, he delivered the “Infallibility Decree” and proclaimed his religious
powers.
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In 1582, he propagated a new religion called Din Ilahi or Divine Faith.
About Din Ilahi
The new religion believed in one God.
It had all the good points of every religion.
Its foundation was balanced.
It didn’t endorse any philosophy.
It aimed at bridging the gap that separated different religions.
The new religion had only 15 followers including Birbal.
Akbar did not compel anyone to join his new religion.
However, the new religion proved to be a failure, after Akbar’s death.
Land Revenue Administration
With the help of Raja Todar Mal, Akbar experimented on the land revenue
administration, which was completed in 1580.
Sher shah was the forerunner of akbar in the field of land revenue system
The land revenue system was called Zabti or Bandobast system or Dahsala
System.
The revenue was fixed on the average yield of land measured on the basis of
previous ten years.
The loan was given to the farmers which could be repaid easily by annual
installments.
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Every cultivator was given a patta and were lso required to sign a qubuliyat.
The land was divided into four categories
Polaj (cultivated every year)
Parauti (once in two years)
Chachar (once in three or four years)
Banjar (once in five or more years)
Payment of revenue was made generally in cash.
Mansabdari System
Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system in his administration and it was the
basis for the civil and military administration.
Under this system every officer was assigned a rank (Mansab)
Lowest rank was 10 and the highest was 5000 for the nobles.
Princes of royal blood received even higher ranks.
The ranks were divided into two – Zat and Sawar.
Zat means personal and it fixed the personal status of a person.
Sawar rank indicated the number of cavalrymen of a person who was
required to maintain.
Every sawar had to maintain at least two horses.
All appointments, promotions and dismissals were directly made by the
emperor.
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Jahangir (1605 – 1627)
Prince Salim succeeded the throne with the title Jahangir (Conqueror of the
world)
Witness rebellions from his son Khusaro, but was defeated & imprisoned
Beheaded 5th
Sikh Guru Arjun dev because of supporting khusru
In 1611, Married Mehrunnisa (Nurjaha → Light of the world)
Wrote his Autobiography → Tuzuk – i – Jahagiri
William Hawkins and sir Thomas Roe visited jahangirs court from england
in front of the englands trade administration
In 1615 , Sir thomas Roe arrived as an accredited to the jahangir court to get
the permission to trade in surat.
In Srinagar city Jahangir laid out shalimar and nishat gardens
Nur Jahan
In 1611, Jahangir married Mehrunnisa who was known as Nur Jahan (Light
of World).
Asaf Khan elder brother of Nur Jahan was appointed as Khan-i-Saman, a
post reserved for the nobles.
In 1612, Asaf Khan’s daughter, Arjumand Banu Begum (later known as
Mumtaj), married Jahangir’s third son, prince Khurram (later Shah Jahan).
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The period from AD 1611 to AD 1626 in Mughal history is known as the
"The age of Nur jahan".
Shahjahan (1627 – 1658)
Shah Jahan (also Shahabuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan) was the fifth
Mughal Emperor in India. He was born on 5th of January 1592 at Lahore.
He was the son of Muhgal Emperor Jahangir and Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani.
His mother was a Rajput Princess. The early name of Shah Jahan was
Prince Khurram.
Shahjahan means king of the world.
Asaf khan helped him to emerge as a powerful king.
In 1636, Shah Jahan conquered Ahmad City.
He sent Mahabat Khan towards deccan to conquer ahmed nagar.
Shah Jahan defeated the rulers of Bijapur and Golkonda.
His period is known as the Golden Age of Mughal period
During his period the Mughal Empire reached the peak of fame
He is known as the Prince of Builders
Shah Jahan created a new capital, Shahjahanabad.
Shah Jahan created the Red Fort in Delhi.
Rang Mahal, Moti Mahal, Muthu Makal, Diwan-I- kham, Diwan-i-Khas
were in the Red Fort.
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He built the Jama Masjid.
Taj Mahal Ustad was built under the leadership of Ustad isa.
Shahjahan built the Taj Mahal.
Emperor Shah Jahan created the Peacock throne and the valuable Kohinoor
Diamond.
Nadir Shah took away the peacock throne in Ad 1739
Manucci , Travernier , Bernier visited India during the reign of Shah Jahan
Aurangazeb was the Governor of Deccan during the reign of Shah Jahan
War of Succession
The last years of Shah Jahan’s reign were clouded by a bitter war of
succession among his four sons
1. Dara Shikoh (crown prince)
2. Shuja (governor of Bengal)
3. Aurangazeb (governor of Deccan)
4. Murad Baksh (governor of Malwa and Gujarat)
Aurangazeb emerged victorious in this struggle
He entered the Agra Fort after defeating Dara
He forced Shah Jahan to surrender
Shah Jahan was confined to the female apartments in the Agra fort and
strictly put under watch
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Shah Jahan lived for eight long years lovingly nursed by his daughter
Jahanara.
Aurangzeb (1658 – 1707)
Aurangazeb was one of the ablest kings of the Mughal.
He assumed the title Alamgir, World Conqueror.
Aurangazeb imprisoned his father in 1658.
In his first ten years of reign, his military campaigns were a great success.
But in the latter part of his reign, he faced serious difficulties.
The Jats and Satnamis and also the Sikhs revolted against him due to his
harsh religious policy.
The Deccan policy of the Mughals started from the reign of Akbar.
Aurangazeb, as governor of Deccan, followed a belligerent Deccan policy.
He concentrated on the northwest frontier in his first 25 years as the Mughal
emperor
In the same time, Sivaji, the Maratha Ruler carved an an independent
Maratha kingdom in the territories of north and south Konkan.
Aurangazeb decided to invade Bijapur and Golkonda to hold the spread of
the Marathas.
He defeated Sikandar Shah of Bijapur and seized his kingdom.
He proceeded against Golkonda and eliminated the Kutb Shahi dynasty.
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The destruction of the Deccan kingdoms was a political blunder by
Aurangazeb.
The barrier between the Mughals and the Marathas was removed and there
ensued a direct confrontation between them.
Religious Policy
Very orthodox & staunch Muslim; tried to change India into an Islamic state
Created separate departments to enforce moral codes called ‘Muhtasib’
Aurangzeb removed the Hindus from the state service.
Ninth Sikh guru was killed by Aurangzeb
Destroyed Hindu temples & banned construction of them
Reimposed Jiziya & pilgrimage tax (in 1679)
Stopped celebration of Muharram (Not tolerant towards other Muslim sects)
Khalsa means sikh military organization.
Shaishta khan was sent by aurangazeb to suppress shivaji
Deccan cancer killed the aurangazeb was the main reason of decline of
Mughal empire.
Sikh religion was founded by Guru nanak
Tenth sikh guru is Guru Gobind Singh
Mughal rule was a military monarchy.
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During the Mughal period, the emperor was considered a shadow of God on
earth.
The emperor was assissted by a council of ministers. The most important
among them was the wazir or the prime minister.
The Mughal empire was divided into different provinces. Government -
Provinces - Suba - Sarkar - Parganas – Villages
Chief Qazi assisted the king in the judicial administration of the Mughal
empire
Causes for the Decline of Mughals
The Mughal Empire declined rapidly after the death of Aurangazeb.
Taking this advantage, in 1739, Nadir Shah imprisoned the Mughal Emperor
and looted Delhi.
The religious and Deccan policies of Aurangazeb contributed to its decline.
The weak successors and demoralization of the Mughal army were also the
reasons for the decline.
The financial difficulties due to continuous wars led to the decline.
The neglect of the sea power by the Mughals was felt when the Europeans
began to settle in India.
Further, the invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali weakened the
state.
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Architecture Under Mughals
Emperor Monument Place
Akbar
Agra fort using Red Stone Agra
Panch Mahal – build on the pattern of a
Buddhist Vihara Fatehpur Sikri
Jama masjid with gateway Buland Darwaza –
On Gujrat’s victory Fatehpur Sikri
Humayu Tomb – Precursor of Tajmahal Delhi
Jahangir
Shalimar Bagh Srinagar
Akbar’s Tomb
Sikandara near
Agra
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Itimaddaulah Tomb (Pietra dura style by
Nurjaha) Agra
Shahjaha
Red Fort Delhi
Jama Masjid using Red stone Delhi
Moti Masjid Agra
Diwan – i – am
Under Red Fort
(Delhi)
Diwan – i – Khas
Under Red Fort
(Delhi)
Nishat Bagh (By Asif khan, Brother of
Nurjaha) Srinagar
Aurangzeb Pinjore Garden Lahore
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Painting & Music
Akbarnama was the main theme of Mughal paintings
Hamznama was the most important work of Mughals time consisting 1200
paintings
Tansen (From gwalior) was a great musician in Akbar’s court
Literature
Abul Fazal → Ain – i – Akbari , Akbarnama (Persian Language)
Abul Faizi → Converted Mahabharata into Persian language (Leading poet
of Akbar’s Court)
Abdul Hamid Lahori → Padshah Nama (Shahjaha’s Court)
Inayat Khan → Shahjaha Naha (Shahjaha’s Court)
Dara Shikoh (Eldest son of Shahjaha) → Converted Bhagvat Gita &
Upanishads into Persian
Trivia
During 17th
century, two new crops “Tobacco & Maize” were added
Potato & Chili came later in 18th
century
Ghee & oils were cheaper; Salts & sugar were more expensive
Moti Masjid with white marble Delhi
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THE MUGHALS - Questions
1) Who is the founder of Mughal Empire in India?
(A) Sher Shah
(B) Babur
(C) Akbar
(D) Humayun
2) Which of the following statements is/are wrong?
(A) Babur's original name is zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur.
(B) Babur was a descendant from his father’s side ofTimur, the turk,and Mothers
side of Chengizkhan, the mongol.
(C) At the age of sixteen Babur took over the responsibility of Farghana
(D) On April 21, 1526, he defeated Ibrahim Lodi in first battle of Panipat.
3) Match the following
1) Kanwah War - 1529
2) The Battle of Gaghra - 1528
3) Chanderi War - 1526
4) Battle of Panipat - 1527
(A) 4 1 3 2
(B) 4 1 2 3
(C) 1 2 3 4
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(D) 4 3 2 1
4) The book of Tuzuk-i-Babri / memories of Babur autobiography was written in
which language ?
(A) Arabic
(B) Latin
(C) Turki
(D) Tamil
5) Where did the Humayun work as governor ?
(A) Bihar
(B) Badakshan
(C) Kabul
(D) Kandahar
6) Which of the following statements is/ are wrong?
1) Kamran, Askari and Hindal were Babur's brothers.
2) Under the rule of Humayun, the Rajputs thought to drive the Mughals out of
India.
3) Sherkhan defeated humauyun in the battle of chausa in AD 1539 and then he
defeated sherkhan in the battle of kanauj in AD 1540.
4) Bahadur shah of Gujarat was also a threat to Humayun.
(A) 1 and 2
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(B) 1 and 3
(C) 3 and 4
(D) 2 and 4
7) Akbar was born in which place and when ?
(A) AD 1540 and the Amarkot
(B) AD 1542 and the Amarkot
(C) AD 1545 and Dilwara
(D) AD 1542 and Kabul
8) Who supported Humayun to recapture the Delhi?
(A) King of Persia
(B) King of Bihar
(C) Mughal King
(D) Maratha king
9) The line “ If there was an possibility of falling , He was not a man to miss it ”
refers to.
(A) Babur
(B) Humayun
(C) Sher Shah
(D) Akbar
10) What is meant by humayun?
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(A) Champion
(B) Fortunate
(C) Tiger
(D) King of world
11) Who was appointed as the guardian of Akbar?
(A) Shershah Sur
(B) Bairam khan
(C) Kamran
(D) Amithabanu
12) What is Sher shah sur’s real name?
(A) Sherkhan
(B) Farid
(C) Sur
(D) Ulemas
13) Who gave the title of “Sher Khan” to Sher shah sur?
(A) Kamran who ruled Kabul
(B) Kamran who ruled Jaunpur
(C) Governor of Bangladesh
(D) King of Bihar
14) The dynasty founded by sher shah sur is called as?
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(A) Sur
(B) Bairam
(C) Coorg
(D) Chausa
15) The last expedition of shershah was against whom ?
(A) Humayun
(B) Sindhu and Multan
(C) Malavum, Reich's, Marwar
(D) Bundlekhand
16) Match the following
1) Babur - AD 1530-1540
2) Sher shah - AD 1545
3) Fort kalinjar - 1540-1545
4) Humayun - AD 1606-1627
5) Akbar - AD 1526 - 1530
6) Jahangir - AD 1556-1605
(A) 6 5 4 3 2 1
(B) 1 2 5 4 5 6
(C) 5 3 1 2 6 4
(D) 5 3 2 1 6 4
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17) Which of the following statements is /are correct ?
1)Sher shah was the architect of the brilliant administrative system and he listen to
the advise of ulemas.
2) He handed over the administration's minor affairs to his council of ministers.
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 2
(D) None of these
18) Match the following
1) Divani-e-Vijayat - military officer.
2) Divani-e-Rasalath - Budget, expenditure, liability.
3) Divani-e-Arish – Royal proclamations and despatches
4) Diwani-e-Insha – Ambassadors and envoys
(A) 4 2 3 1
(B) 2 4 1 3
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 2 1 4 3
19) Which of the following statements is wrong ?
(A) AD In 1539, Sherkhan defeated Humayu in the battle of Chausa.
(B) AD In 1545 Sher shah invaded Bundlekhand.
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(C) Sher shah died due to the explosion of gun powder when he invaded the fort of
kalinjar
(D) Due to the Chausa war sher shah capture of Delhi.
20) Arrange the sher shah’s Administrative System in ascending order
(A) Sarkar-Parganas-Village
(B) Parganas - Sarkar -Village
(C) Village-Parganas-Sarkar
(D) Parganas -village-Sarkar
21) Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
1) Shershah canceled the Ryotwari system and issued patta on the ownership of the
land to farmers.
2) He Established 1/6 as part of the government's share yield.
(A) 1 only right
(B) 2 only
(C) 1 and 2
(D) None of these
22) In which year Aurangzeb died ?
(A) 1658
(B) 1666
(C) 1707
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(D) 1654
23) Whose military policies were followed by Shershah's ?.
(A) Ala-ud-din khilji
(B) Jalaluddin Khilji
(C) Mohammed bin Tughluq
(D) Humayun
24) How was the horse warming is called in the horse army?
(A) Kadh
(B) Dagh
(C) Cook
(D) Ek
25) Which of the following statements is /are wrong ?
1) Shershah has the concept that all of them were equal infront of the law.
2) Shearsha also investigated all the cases.
3) Sher Shah's Justice Administration was assisted by the chief Qazi.
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) 3 only
(D) None of these
26) Which of the following statements is /are correct ?
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1) Shershah was called "the father of modern currency".
2) His currency adjustment has improved the economic situation of the nation.
(A) 1 and 2 is correct , and statement 2 is correct explanation for statement 1
(B) 1 and 2 is correct , and statement 2 is not a correct explanation for statement 1
(C) 1 only
(D) 2 only
27) In which language did shershahs name is scripted in the gold and silver coins?
(A) Hindi
(B) Farsi
(C) Devanagiri
(D) Urdu
28) Who is called as “The father of modern currency”?
(A) Sher Shah
(B) Akbar
(C) Babur
(D) Jahangir
29) Where is Sher Shah's mosoleum located?
(A) Sasaram
(B) Amarkot
(C) Bengal
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(D) Multan
30) Who built Purana Qila?
(A) Sher Shah
(B) Akbar
(C) Babur
(D) Jahangir
31) Where did Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar born ?
(A) Sasaram
(B) Amarkot
(C) Bengal
(D) Multan
32) Who appointed Bairam khan as gaurdian for akbar ?
(A) Humayun
(B) Shershah Sur
(C) Jahangir
(D) Hemu
33) Mughal rule was re-created in Delhi and Agra by
(A) Akbar's Deccan policy
(B) Second Battle of Panipat
(C) Akbar's Rajput Policy
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(D) Din-i-ilahi
34) When was the second battle of panipat fought ?
(A) 1526
(B) 1556
(C) 1761
(D) 1713
35) Who was the King defeated by Akbar in second battle of panipat ?
(A) Hemu
(B) Sher Shah
(C) Poros
(D) Bairam khan
36) Which of the following statements is /are wrong ?
1) Hemu was killed in the Second Panipat War.
2) Akbar’s foster mother maham anaga controlled the affairs for two years.The
period of her rule was also known as “Petticoat Government”
3) BhairMal of jaipur gave his daughter in marriage to Akbar.
4) Akbar annexed the rajput state of gondwana , Rani Durgavathi , offered a stiff
resistance , but she was defeated.
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
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(C) 1 and 4 only
(D) None of these
37) Raja Todar, Raja mansingh, Raja Bhagawan Das, Birbhal is present in whose
court ?
(A) Akbar
(B) Jahangir
(C) Shah Jahan
(D) Aurangzeb
38) Who translated Bhagavata purana into persian ?
(A) Raja mansingh
(B) Raja Bhagavan Das
(C) Raja Todar mal
(D) Birbal
39) Whois the author of books 'Ain- i -Akbari' and 'Akbar Nama'?
(A) Abul Faizi
(B) Abul Fazal
(C) Birbal
(D) Raja Todar
40) By whom the Ramayana and Mahabharata were translated into Persian?
(A) Abul Faizi
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(B) Abul Fazal
(C) Birbal
(D) Raja Todar
41) Who was the musician in Akbar's court?
(A) Abul Fazal
(B) Tansen
(C) Abul Faizi
(D) Birbal
42) Which of the following statements is / are correct ?
1) Akbar was not an orthodox muslim and very tolerant.
2) In 1575, he constructed a building known as Ibadat Khana.
3) He issued famous “ infallibility Decree” which made Akbar as the religious
head as well as the king.
4) In 1582 Akbar promulgated a new religion called the Din-I -ilahi / Divine faith.
5) Akbar forced to follow the religion of Din-i-ilahi.
(A) 1,2 and 3
(B) 1 , 2 , 3 and 4
(C) 2 , 3 , 4 and 5
(D) All of these
43) Who was the forerunner of akbar in the field of land revenue system ?
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(A) Sher Shah
(B) Bairam khan
(C) Abul Fazal
(D) Abul Faizi
44) Who was the Minister of Revenue for Akbar?
(A) Raja Bhagvan Das
(B) Raja Tondar mal
(C) Birbal
(D) Raja mansingh
45) Which of the following statement is/are correct ?
1) Akbar was not an orthodox muslim and was very tolerant.
2) Akbar's father was a Sunni muslim while his mother was a shia and his gaurdian
was a shia, and sheikh mubarak his tutor was also a shia all these made akbar
tolerant towards all religion.
(A) 1 and 2 is correct , and statement 2 is correct explanation for statement 1
(B) 1 and 2 is correct , and statement 2 is not a correct explanation for statement 1
(C) 1 only
(D) 2 only
46) Which of the following statement is/are wrong ?
1) Survey of land was made and state revenue was fixed as 1/6 of the actual
produce.
2) Farmers should pay their taxes in cash only.
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3) The loan was given to the farmers which could be repaid easily by annual
installments.
4) Every cultivator was given a patta and were lso required to sign a qubuliyat.
(A) 1,2
(B) 2,3
(C) 3,5
(D) 1,4
47)Which system of mughals was the basis of civil and military adninistration of
the country?
(A) Rayadwari system
(B) Mansabdari system
(C) Qibilia system
(D) Ibadhkhana system
48) Who introduced the Mansabdari system?
(A) Jahangir
(B) Akbar
(C) Shah Jahan
(D) Shivaji
49) Why did akbar built Fatehpursikri ?
(A) In memory of the victory of Bengal
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(B) In memory of Gujarat victory
(C) In memory of the victory of the Maratha
(D) In memory of the victory of Deccan
50) Which of the following statement is/ are wrong about Akbar?
(A) He built the buland darwaza gateway , Akbari mahal , jahangiri mahal , panch
mahal and jodh bai palace.
(B) He died in 1605 at the age of 70.
(C) He introduced the Mansabdari system.
(D) The Mansabdars were to recruit their troops and help the emperor when
required.
51) What is the meaning of Jahangir?
(A) Salim
(B) Khuram
(C) Khusru
(D) Arjundev
52) What is the meaning of Jahangir ?
(A) King of world
(B) Conqueror of the world
(C) World champion
(D) Ruler of the world
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53) Why did jahangir killed 5th
sikh guru arjun dev ?
(A) Khusru revolted against Jahangir.
(B) He supported Khusru.
(C) There was hostility between Sikhs and Mughals.
(D) Khusru was imprisoned and killed by jahangir.
54) Who visited jahangirs court from england infront of the englands trade
administration ?
(A) William Hawkins
(B) Sir Thomas Roe
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of these
55) ) In AD 1615 who visited the jahangirs court and got permission to trade at
surat?
(A) William Hawkins
(B) Sir Thomas Roe
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of these
56) Which of the following statements is/ are wrong?
(A) Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri is the autobiography of Jahangir
(B) Jahangir introduced a new justice system called “Chain of justice”(shah Burji).
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(C) Nur Jahan, the original name of Mehr-un-Nisa, was given a title as
Nurmahal by shershah.
(D) The period from AD 1611 to AD 1626 in Mughal history is known as the "The
age of Nur jahan".
57) In which city Jahangir laid out shalimar and nishat gardens ?
(A) Jammu
(B) Srinagar
(C) Agra
(D) Lahore
58) Which of the following is an example of Jahangir's architecture?
(A) Akbar's tomb in Sikhandra
(B) The tomb of Itmad-ud- Daula in Agra
(C) Great mosque in Lahore
(D) All of these
59) The original name of Shah Jahan is
(A) Salim
(B)Khurram
(C) Asif khan
(D) Shahriar
60) What is meant by Shah Jahan?
(A) The king of the world
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(B) Conqueror of the world
(C) World champion
(D) Ruler of the world
61) Who helped Shah Jahan to come as king ?
(A) Shahriar
(B) Asaf khan
(C) Mumtaz
(D) Mahabhatkhan
62) Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1) In 1636, Shah Jahan conquered Ahmad City.
2) He sent Mahabat Khan towards deccan to conquer ahmed nagar.
3) Shah Jahan carried three attempts to conquer Kandhar area and captured it.
4) Shah Jahan defeated the rulers of Bijapur and Golkonda.
(A) 1,2,3
(B) 1,2,4
(C) 2,3,4
(D) 1,3,4
63) Whose period is known as the Golden Age of Mughal period?
(A) Jahangir
(B) Shah Jahan
(C) Akbar
(D) Babur
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64) During whose period the Mughal Empire reached the peak of fame ?
(A) Jahangir
(B) Shah Jahan
(C) Akbar
(D) Babur
65) Who is known as the Prince of Builders?
(A) Jahangir
(B) Shah Jahan
(C) Akbar
(D) Babur
66) Which of the following statement is/are correct?
1) Shahjahan used red stones to constructed palaces.
2) Shah Jahan created a new capital, Shahjahanabad.
3) Shah Jahan created the Red Fort in Delhi.
4) Rang Mahal, Moti Mahal, Muthu Makal, Diwan-I- kham, Diwan-i-Khas were in
the Red Fort.
(A) 1,2,3
(B) 2, 3, 4
(C) 1, 2, 4
(D) 2, 3
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67) Who built the Jama Masjid?
(A) Jahangir
(B) Shah Jahan
(C) Akbar
(D) Babur
68) Which of the following statements is/are wrong?
1) Shahjahan built the Taj Mahal.
(B) Taj Mahal Ustad was built under the leadership of Ustad isa.
(C) Taj Mahal is located on the banks of the Indus River.
(D) Emperor Shah Jahan created the Peacock throne and the valuable Kohinoor
Diamond.
69) Who took away the peacock throne in Ad 1739?
(A) Nadir shah
(B) Mubarak shah
(C) Shah Jahan
(D) Manucci
70) In which year did aurangazeb imprisoned his father ?
(A) 1658
(B) 1666
(C) 1707
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(D) 1654
71) Who visited India during the reign of Shah Jahan?
(A) Bernier
(B) Travernier
(C) Manucci
(D) All of these
72) Who was the Governor of Deccan during the reign of Shah Jahan?
(A) DaraShuko
(B) Shahshuja
(C) Aurangzeb
(D) Murad
73) Who is known as Alamgir?
(A) DaraShuko
(B) Shahshuja
(C) Aurangzeb
(D) Murad
74) Which of the following statement is correct ?
1) Aurangzeb was a pious orthodox sunni muslim.
2) Aurangzeb also loved the non-Sunni muslims.
3) Aurangzeb canceled 'Jizya' and 'pilgrimage tax' on non-Muslims.
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4) Aurangzeb removed the Hindus from the state service.
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 3 and 4
(D) 1 and 4
75) The Sikh guru killed by Aurangzeb was
(A) Eight Sikh Guru
(B) Ninth Sikh Guru
(C) Tenth Sikh Guru
(D) Third Sikh guru
76) What is meant by khalsa ?
(A) Maratha army structure
(B) Sikh military organization
(C) Maratha, Sikh, Rajaputra, Wild, and Sadnavis
(D) Mughal army
77) Whom did Aurangzeb sent to suppress Shivaji?
(A) Vazir
(B) Shaista khan
(C) Manucci
(D) Raja Todar mal
78) What was the main reason for the decline of the Mughal empire?
(A) Sikhs and Marathas revolt against Mughals
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(B) The ninth Sikh group was killed by Tej Bahadur.
(C) Tenth Sikh Guru Gobind Singh made a military base called 'Khalsa'.
(D) Deccan cancer killed the aurangazeb.
79) Who created the Sikh religion?
(A) Guru Gobind Singh
(B) Tej Bahadur
(C) Guru Nanak
(D) Kabir
80) Who is the tenth Sikh guru?
(A) Guru Gobind Singh
(B) Tej Bahadur
(C) Guru Nanak
(D) Kabir
81) Mughal rule is a
(A) Democratic rule
(B) Military monarchy
(C) Monarchy
(D) Non-military monarchy
82) Which of the following statement is wrong?
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(A) During the Mughal period, the emperor was considered a shadow of God on
earth.
(B) The emperor was assissted by a council of ministers. The most important
among them was the wazir or the prime minister.
(C) The Mughal empire was divided into different provinces.
(D) Subas were divided into different districts. This was the last section of the
administration.
83) Which of the following is arranged in the correct chronological order
(A) Government - Provinces - Suba - Parganas - Sarkar - Villages
(B) Government - Provinces - Suba - Sarkar - Parganas - Villages
(C) Villages - Sarkar - Parganas - Suba - Provinces - Government
(D) Villages - Sarkar - Parganas - Government - Provinces - Suba
84) Who is the founder of zabti system?
(A) Babur
(B) Humayun
(C) Akbar
(D) Jahangir
85) Which was the important branch of the mughal army?
(A) Infantry
(B) Cavalry
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(C) Elephantry
(D) Artillery
86) Who assisted the king in the judicial administration of the Mughal empire?
(A) Wazir
(B) Chief Qazi
(C) Chief Wazir
(D) Khurram
87) Which of the following is not the reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire?
1) The borders of the Mughal Empire were expanded and it was difficult to control
the country from the capital Delhi.
2) The absence of the law of primogeniture.
3) Religious policy of Aurangazeb
4) Invasion of Europeans in India.
5) The Mughal army of strength
6) Severe penalties were awarded for crimes.
7) The cases were investigated with the help of Quran.
(A) 1, 2, 3
(B) 2, 4, 6
(C) 5, 6, 7
(D) All of these
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88) Which war ended the afghan rule and paved the way for mughal rule in india ?
(A) First Battle of panipat
(B) Second Battle of Panipat
(C) The battle of Chanderi
(D) Kanwah War
89) In which war the cannons were used in india ?
(A) First Battle of panipat
(B) Second Battle of Panipat
(C) The battle of Chanderi
(D) Kanwah War
90) Who was the forefather of Akbar?
(A) Babur
(B) Sher Shah
(C) Bairam Khan
(D) Allaudin Khilji