History of Tiruvallur

Tiruvallur was originally known as Tiruvallur which specifies the sleeping position of the holy lord "Balaji", in the Veeraragava temple of Tiruvallur. Later people began to refer it by names such as Trivellore and Tiruvallur. Today Tiruvallur is well known, one of the reason being the Veeraragava Temple. The new moon day is very auspicious day for the lord and so for the people of the town.

History of the District

The district of Tiruvallur has been carved out by bifurcating erstwhile Chengalpattu district (which was renamed as Chengalpattu-MGR/Kancheepuram at the time of 1991 Census). According to the said bifurcation Tiruvallur revenue division which included Tiruvallur, Tiruttani taluks and Uthukkottai and Pallipattu sub-taluks separated from Chengalpattu district along with Ponneri and Gummindipoondi taluks of Saidapet revenue division and formed this new district. At present this district is comprised of nine taluks namely Ambattur, Gummindipoondi, Ponneri, Uthukkottai, Tiruvallur, Poonamallee, Tiruttani, Pallipattu and Madhavaram.

In the far past, this region was under a chain of regimes commencing from the Pallavas during the 7th century ending with the Nawab of Arcot during the early part of 19th century when it came under the British rule. In 1687, the Golkonda rulers were defeated and the region came under the Moghul emperors of Delhi. The towns and villages of this region were the scene of Carnatic wars. Battles are said to have been fought in this region during the struggle for supremacy between the English and French. The town of Pulicat was the earliest Dutch possession in India founded in 1609 which was ceded to the British in 1825. With this, the region came under the British rule which ended on the 15th August, 1947 with India becoming independent.

Parliament Constituencies (1)1. Tiruvallur

Assembly Constituencies (10)

1. Gummidipoondi2. Ponneri

3. Tiruttani

4. Tiruvallur

5. Poonamallee

6. Avadi

7. Maduravoyal

8. Ambattur

9. Madavaram

10. Thiruvottiyur

Revenue Divisions (4)

1.

Ambattu

r

2.

Ponneri

3.

Tiruvallu

r

4.

Tiruttani

 

 

 

Revenue Taluks (11)

1. Ambat

tur

2. 

Madh

avara

m

3. 

Madh

uravo

yal

4. 

Tiruvo

ttriyur

5. 

Ponne

ri

6. 

Gum

midip

 

oondi

7. 

Tiruva

llur

8. 

Poona

malle

e

9. 

Uthuk

ottai

10.

Tirutt

ani

11.

Pallipe

t

[Bigger map...]

Blocks  (14)

1. Ellapuram

2. Gummidipoondi

3. Kadambatur

4. Minjur

5. Pallipet

6. Poonamallee

7. Poondi

8. Puzhai

9. R.K.Pet

10. Solavaram

11. Thiruvalangadu

 

12. Tiruttani

13. Tiruvallur

14. Villivakkam

[Bigger map...]

Municipalities (5)

1. Avadi2. Poonamallee

3. Tiruvallur

4. Tiruttani

5. Tiruverkadu

Town Panchayats (10)

1. Arani2. Gummidipoondi

3. Minjur

4. Naravarikuppam

5. Pothatturpettai

6. Ponneri

7. Pallipet

8. Thirunindravur

9. Thirmazhisai

10. Uthukottai

 Agricultural Activities

The main occupation of the district is agriculture and allied activities Nearly 47% of the total work force is engaged in the agricultural sector.

Some of the crops grown here enlist Paddy, Sugar-cane, Bajira, Chilly, Groundnut, Gingerly. For irrigation of crops, deep bore wells, lake reservoirs and well reservoirs are majorly used

Total cultivated Area (Ha) 184198

Net Area Sown (Ha) 136648

Area Sown more than once (Ha) 50550

Cropping Intensity 134.8%

The major crops grown in the district are rice, cumbu - ragi, green gram, black gram, sugar cane and groundnut. Apart from this, certain horticultural crops like mango, guava and vegetables have also bean cultivated successfully. The average area, production and productivity of the Principal crops are as follows:

Principal Crops Area(Ha)

Production(Tonnes)

Rice 108628 398152

Cumbu 920 1752

Ragi 1712 3773

Green Gram 6600 4013

Black Gram 2791 1317

Sugarcane 7172 817608

Groundnut 30269 85600

Irrigation

Apart from seasonal rivers like Kesathaliar, Aravar, Nandi, Kallar, Coovam and Buckhingham Canal there is no perennial river in the district. Since these seasonal rivers are not sufficient, irrigation through tanks, tube wells and open wells are very common.

Source of Irrigation Area in ha

Tanks 42012

Tube Well 33188

Well 63983

Canals 4240

Other Sources 1846

Net Area Irrigated 110266

Gross Area Irrigated 145269

Animal Husbandry and Fisheries

Animal husbandry is a subsidiary occupation of the district due to the presence of a number of small and marginal farmers. Presently, there are four Government Schemes in operation Viz., Backyard poultry farm, Buffalo Rearing Scheme, Special Animal Husbandry Programme and special campaign to protect animals. There are 5 Veterinary Hospitals, 24 Veterinary Dispensaries, 77 sub-centres and 14 mobile veterinary units catering to the needs of the farming community.

The total coastal area of the district is about 49803 ha and has a coast line of 80 kms for marine fisheries. Prawn/shrimp culture is famous at the coast line of Gummidipoondi and Minjur. The total fish production is to the tune of 11372 tonnes.

Commerce & Industry

Some of the major commercial activities in the district are cultivation of Paddy, Sugar-Cane, Chilly, Ginger, Groundnut etc. Big industry houses in key areas such as Handlooms, Weaving, Oil Refinery, Fertilizer etc. exist in the District. Further, Defence Ministry factories of Central Government are also situated in the District.

Thiruvallur district is one of the fastest developing districts in Tamil Nadu in terms of Industrial Development. The district has many leading industries like Madras Refineries, Madras Fertilizers, Manali Petro Chemicals, MRF, Ashok Leyland, TI Cycles, Britannia India Ltd, Parry India Ltd and Hindustan Motors. It also boasts of the Ennore Thermal Power Station and the Avadi Tank Factory. The District has 16 Industrial Estates, all in operation : 11 developed by the Government and 5 by Private Organisation.

Government Ambattur Industrial Estate, Ambattur. Electrical Industrial Estate, Kakalur.

SIDCO Industrial Estate, Chennai - 98.

Industrial Estate, Madhavaram.

SIDCO Industrial Estate, Kakalur

Petrochemical Industrial Estate, Vichoor

SIDCO Industrial Estate, R.K. Pet

SIDCO Industrial Estate, Gummidipoondi

Industrial Estate, Mugappair

Private G.K. Industrial Estate, Porur M.M.Industrial Estate, Alapakkam

Moccaram Industries, Velappan Chavadi

Nagappa Industrial Estate, Puzhal

Ekambara Naicker Industrial Estate, Alapakkam

This district has 16940 Small Scale Industries, notable among them being food, wood, textile, chemical, engineering, non - metallic and leather industries.

Industrial Category No. of Units Total No. of Employee

Food Industry 1193 7040

Wood & Forest Based 891 7833

Textile and Textile Based 1892 31498

Chemical Industries 1875 11339

Engineering Industries 7500 45073

Non - Metallic Minerals 1569 9980

Leather Industries 292 4223

Other Industries 1728 19260

Total 16940 139280

Education

Since this district is adjacent to the city of Chennai, there are remarkable number of Educational Institutions in the district. Many professional institutions particularly the veterinary university add honour to this district is the field of education. The literacy rate is about 68% of the total population as per 2001 census and 76.08% of the total population as per 2011 census (provisional). The list of educational Institutions are given below.

Universities 1

Arts and Science Colleges 11

Colleges for Professional Education

1. Medicine (Allopathic) 3

2. Engineering colleges 23

3. Polytechnic 12

Primary Schools 1397

Middle Schools 264

High and Higher Sec. School 602

Teacher's Training Institute 1

Schools

In Tiruvallur District 2263 Schools are functioning. The details of schools are given below

Elementary Schools 1397

Middle Schools 264

High Schools 148

Higher Secondary Schools 454

Total 2263

Students

In the above schools, 154552 Boys and 163057 Girls. Totally 317609 students are

studying.

The Literacy rate of this District has increased from 66.22% in 1991 to 76.54% in

2002. 86.73 % in 2011

The Literacy rate if SC/ST in this District 52.7% both male and female literacy rate have also increased. The density of the District is 800 Sq.km. The decade population growth rate of this district 11.19%.

In Tiruvallur District there are 3527 Male Teachers and 7119 Female Teachers.

Totally 10646 Teachers are working in various kinds of management schools.

(Government High/Higher Secondary Primary Schools)

Computer Education

All the High and Higher Secondary Schools are equipped with Computer to impart computer literacy to the students and to the public.

New Schools

Total number of new schools opened during the year 2009-2010 & 2010-2011 are given below :

Details 2009-2010 2010-2011

Middle schools (1st-8th Std.) made asHigh Schools (6th to 10th Std.)

11 16

High Schools (6th-10th Std.) made asHigher Secondary Schools (6th to 12th Std.)

3 2

Bifurcated Higher Secondary Schools in toGirls High Schools

- -

Schemes

Under various Tamil Nadu Government Schemes students are benefited as detailed below:

Scheme Benefited students

Chief Minister’s nutrition’s Noon Meal Program 164328

Free Uniforms 109773

Free Books 326369

Free Cycles (XI -XII Standard  Students are given free bicycles to attend the school by bicycles under this scheme.)

9968

Rural Talented Scholarship 2009-10 (Rs. 1000X311)  = Rs.3,11,000

311

Agriculture Labour Social Welfare SchemeBoys          (Rs. 1750 X 77)Girls           (Rs. 2000 X 92)

169

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan ("Education for All")

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan which is other wise called "Education for all" is a movement rather than a scheme to universalize elementary education by community-ownership of the school system. This movement aims at improving human capabilities of children through provision of community-owned quality education in a mission mode. Objectives of Education for All (EFA)

1. The first and foremost objective is to enroll all children by 2003. No child may be left out.

2. All children complete five years of primary schooling by 2007

3. All children complete eight years of elementary education by 2010

4. Quality education is ensured

5. Bridge all gender and social category gaps

6. Universal retention by 2010

Geography of the Tiruvallur District

7. North latitude between 12°15' and 13°15', east longitude between 79°15' and 80°20'

8. The district is surrounded by Kancheepuram district in the South, Vellore district in the west. Bay of Bengal in the East and Andhra Pradesh State in the North. The district spreads over an area of about 3422 Sq.kms.

9. The coastal region of the district is mostly flat and dreary; but in the other parts it is undulating and even hilly in some places.

10. The northern taluks of the district like Ponneri, Uttukkottai, Gummidipundi etc. do not have much to offer from the scenic point of view. In the Tiruttani taluk, a number of hillocks are found scattered.

11. The soil of the district is mostly sandy, mixed with soda or other alkali or stony. Rocks found in and near the surface are in detached masses. Hence, the soil can't be termed as very fertile. The soil found nearer the sea coast is of the inferior erinaceous type which is most suited for raising casuarinas plants. No mineral of any importance is available in the district.

12. There are not many hills of any considerable height in this district. A few conical hills or ridges of small elevation exist like the St. Thomas Mount. Certain hillocks are found in Tiruttani. Most of the hills and hillocks are rocky and no verdant vegetation is seen in the slopes of these hills. The area under forests in this district is quite meager.

13. Land Use Pattern14. The total geographical area of the district is 3,42,243 hectares of which not sown area

constitute 35% whereas forest covers 5.8% of the total area. The nine-fold clarification of the land are pattern is given below.

Details Area Ha.

% Share to Total

Area

Forests 19736 5.77

Barren and Unculturable Lands

13727 4.01

Land put to Non - Agricultural Uses

98729 28.85

Culturable Waste 8286 2.42

Permanent Pasture and other Grazing Lands

8142 2.38

Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves not included in the Net Area Sown

8280 2.42

Current Fallow 13361 3.00

Other Fallow Lands 51813 15.14

Net Area Sown 120169 35.11

15. Rainfall16. The average normal rainfall of the District is 1104 mm. Out of which 52% has

been received during North East Monsoon period and 41% has been received during South West Monsoon period.

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