history of russia (until 1900s)
TRANSCRIPT
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Russia: A Brief Political HistoryAP World History
Mr. Dan McDowellWest Hills High School
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Overall Characteristics/ThemesVisible Throughout Russia History
1. Invasions and fear of invasion2. Openness to West – or not3. Alternating periods of repression and
reform4. Little or no history of democracy
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Invasion
Russian political history began with an invasion
1237-1240 Mongol Invasion: forces of Gengis Khan move from North China across the continent to take Moscow– Tatars: a Turkish people who were also
invading Russia – became agents/administrators for Mongols
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1240-1480 Mongol/Tatar Rule
Brutal invasion Russia “hibernated”
and missed the high middle ages of Europe
1480 Ivan III (Ivan the Great) formally renounces Mongol rule over Russia
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Early Empire Ivan III - “gathering of
Russian land” Moscow becomes
powerful state Cossacks (Turkish
word = “free men”) - peasants help expand borders
Adopted Byzantine traditions - Third Rome
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Ivan the Terrible
Ivan III’s sonBegan “assemblies of the land” -
groups that informed him of local situations
Military elite (boyars) threatened powerGranted new powers, sought and killed
“traitors” and innocents
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Ivan the Terrible
Died with no heir, Russia in disarray
Civil War, Polish invasion ensue
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Openness to the West – or not
Romanov Dynasty begins in 1613, when Russian independence is restored
First three Romanovs work to help Russia “catch up” with Europe: – Organized/modernized trade and
commerce– Efforts toward education and chronicling
histories– Bringing in European artists
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Openness to the West 1689-1725 Tsar Peter the
Great– Traveled widely;
preference for things Western; contempt for Russian backwardness
– “Westernizing”– Modernized army,
continued expansion– Table of Ranks - allowed
movement in government based upon merit
– Built Saint Petersburg
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Reform, then Repression
1762-1796 Catherine the Great (tsarina, czarina)
Initially “open” with reforms . . .
French Revolution, rebellion at home led her to become more oppressive
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Russian Expansion
Russian empire would stand until 1991 Orthodox/Catholic rivalry w/ Poland brings
acquisition of Ukraine, partition of Poland In South, take land from Ottomans in
Crimean War In East, Russians displace natives, take
Manchuria Claimed Alaska, visited California, Hawaii
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Russian Life
Orthodox Christianity eventually controlled by Tsar.
Mostly agrarianMost peasants tied to land, Tsars
created laws that backed land owners