history of rome
DESCRIPTION
Brief history of the Roman EmpireTRANSCRIPT
Journal 2.1Journal 2.1
Ancient Rome & the Ancient Rome & the Rise of Christianity Rise of Christianity (509 BC – 476 AD)(509 BC – 476 AD)
Parallel Events Parallel Events (Greece vs. Rome)(Greece vs. Rome)
Ancient Greek EventsAncient Greek Events 490-479 BCE: Persian 490-479 BCE: Persian
WarsWars 460 BCE: Age of Pericles 460 BCE: Age of Pericles
in Athensin Athens 431 BCE: Peloponnesian 431 BCE: Peloponnesian
WarsWars 331 BCE: Alexander the 331 BCE: Alexander the
Great conquers Persian Great conquers Persian Empire: Hellenistic AgeEmpire: Hellenistic Age
133 BCE: end of Greek 133 BCE: end of Greek dominance in Med. worlddominance in Med. world
Ancient Rome EventsAncient Rome Events 509 BCE: Rome sets up 509 BCE: Rome sets up
a Republica Republic 450 BCE: 12 Tables of 450 BCE: 12 Tables of
LawLaw 270 BCE: Rome 270 BCE: Rome
controls most of Italian controls most of Italian peninsulapeninsula
264-146 BCE: Punic 264-146 BCE: Punic Wars vs. CarthageWars vs. Carthage
133 BCE: Roman power 133 BCE: Roman power extends from Spain to extends from Spain to EgyptEgypt
Section 1: The Roman Section 1: The Roman World Takes ShapeWorld Takes Shape
Rome began as a small Rome began as a small city-statecity-state (Palatine hill) located in the center of the (Palatine hill) located in the center of the Italian peninsulaItalian peninsula
Apennine mountains run the length of ItalyApennine mountains run the length of Italy Less rugged than Greek mountainsLess rugged than Greek mountains Italy much easier to unify --- no isolated Italy much easier to unify --- no isolated
city-statescity-states Most Romans settled in the westMost Romans settled in the west Fertile plains in the north below the AlpsFertile plains in the north below the Alps
Rome Takes ShapeRome Takes Shape
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Roman_Republic_Empire_map.gif
Early Roman PeopleEarly Roman People
LatinsLatins: ancestors of the Romans: ancestors of the Romans Herders and farmers: settled along the Tiber Herders and farmers: settled along the Tiber
River along the 7 hillsRiver along the 7 hills
EtruscansEtruscans: ruled central and northern Italy: ruled central and northern Italy Came from Asia Minor (Eastern Came from Asia Minor (Eastern
Mediterranean)Mediterranean) Romans borrowed Etruscan alphabet, arch Romans borrowed Etruscan alphabet, arch
and worshipped similar gods/goddessesand worshipped similar gods/goddesses
GreeksGreeks: settled in southern Italy/Sicily: settled in southern Italy/Sicily
The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic Romans drove out Romans drove out
Etruscan rulers Etruscan rulers around 509 BCaround 509 BC
Set up a Set up a RepublicRepublic (govt. of the people)(govt. of the people)
SenateSenate: most : most powerful governing powerful governing body made up of 300 body made up of 300 patricians patricians ((landholding upper landholding upper class): served for lifeclass): served for life
Flash Video on Roman Republic: http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhistory/romanrepublic/
SPQRSPQR
Senatus PPopulusopulusqque ue RRomanusomanus
("The Senate and People of Rome")("The Senate and People of Rome")
Roman Senate continued!Roman Senate continued!
2 2 consulsconsuls elected from the patrician elected from the patrician classclass
Job was to consult with the Senate, Job was to consult with the Senate, supervise business of the govt. and supervise business of the govt. and command the armiescommand the armies
Consuls served 1 year termConsuls served 1 year term In times of war: Senate chose a In times of war: Senate chose a
dictatordictator to rule for 6 months to rule for 6 months– Why do you think they did this?Why do you think they did this?
Plebeians Demand EqualityPlebeians Demand Equality
PlebeiansPlebeians (commoners): farmers, (commoners): farmers, merchants, artisans, tradersmerchants, artisans, traders
Made efforts to gain powerMade efforts to gain power 450 BCE: 450 BCE: 12 Tables of Law12 Tables of Law set up in the set up in the
Forum --- made it possible for plebeians to Forum --- made it possible for plebeians to appeal decision of a judgeappeal decision of a judge
Later gained right to elect Later gained right to elect tribunestribunes to to protect their interestsprotect their interests
Tribunes could Tribunes could vetoveto (block) laws that (block) laws that weren’t in the interest of the common weren’t in the interest of the common peoplepeople
The Fury of RomeThe Fury of Rome The ChristiansThe Christians
– Not initially persecuted, but…Not initially persecuted, but…– Became more and more distinct from JudaismBecame more and more distinct from Judaism
Why persecute Why persecute themthem??– Seen as a “novelty,” to which Romans were opposedSeen as a “novelty,” to which Romans were opposed– Christians met “secretly”Christians met “secretly”– They obstinately refused to worship the emperorThey obstinately refused to worship the emperor– Persecuted intermittently from the reign of Persecuted intermittently from the reign of NeroNero (r. (r.
54-68 CE) until 54-68 CE) until DiocletianDiocletian (r. 284-305 CE); thereafter (r. 284-305 CE); thereafter granted toleration by granted toleration by ConstantineConstantine the Great (r. 306- the Great (r. 306-37 CE)37 CE)
– Extra Credit – choose a Roman Emperor and write a Extra Credit – choose a Roman Emperor and write a brief biography (p. 164 for ideas) details on wiki…brief biography (p. 164 for ideas) details on wiki…
Roman SocietyRoman Society
FamilyFamily: basic unit : basic unit of societyof society
Male head of Male head of household (usually household (usually father) had father) had absolute powerabsolute power
Enforced disciplineEnforced discipline Demanded respectDemanded respect
WomenWomen: played : played larger role than Greek larger role than Greek womenwomen
Could run businesses, Could run businesses, attend baths, theater attend baths, theater and public and public entertainment – entertainment – supported arts and supported arts and public festivalspublic festivals
Most worked at home, Most worked at home, however!however!
EducationEducation
Girls and boys learned to read and writeGirls and boys learned to read and write Wealthy Romans hired private tutors (from Wealthy Romans hired private tutors (from
Greece) to supervise education of childrenGreece) to supervise education of children Rhetoric was important subject for boys Rhetoric was important subject for boys
who wanted to pursue political successwho wanted to pursue political success
Rhetoric = the art of using language to Rhetoric = the art of using language to communicate effectively and persuasivelycommunicate effectively and persuasively
ReligionReligion
Gods/goddesses resembled Greek and Gods/goddesses resembled Greek and Etruscan deitiesEtruscan deities
Statues and temples built throughout Statues and temples built throughout RomeRome
Festivals honored the deitiesFestivals honored the deities http://www.gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/http://www.gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/
roman/roman/ http://www.messagenet.com/myths/http://www.messagenet.com/myths/
names.htmlnames.html