history of navigation system

NAVIGATION

IVAN OSTROUMOV www.OSTROUMOV.co.cc

NAVIGATION

Word navigation from NAVIGATUS, "to sail”, and the AGERE "to drive"


NAVIGATION

Navigation is the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of something from one place to another

процес керування деяким обєктом, який має властиві йому методи пересування в певному просторі


TYPES OF NAVIGATION

Air navigation Astronomical navigation Inertial navigation Biological navigation Informational navigation Radio navigation Satellite navigation Underground navigation


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UNDERGROUND NAVIGATION THE CHANNEL TUNNEL


UNDERGROUND NAVIGATION Has been used laser system of positioning. Altitude from ground level 40 м Deviation Horizontal - 358 мм Vertical - 58 мм. 6 may 1994 – Eurotunnel was opened


UNDERGROUND NAVIGATION

49,94 км


HISTORY OF NAVIGATION


VISUAL NAVIGATION


WHERE WE ARE ?


ВІЗУАЛЬНЕ ОРІЕНТУВАННЯ


POLE STAR (POLARIS)


SUNDIAL


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SUNDIALS IN UKRAINE


СОНЯЧНІ ГОДИНИКИ


III B. C. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

Maps


WHAT DOES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE MEAN?


LATITUDE

the latitude of a location is the angle between Equator and point on the earth surface.

LONGITUDE Is the angle between Greenwich meridian and

point on the earth surface


Latitude connect with length of sun shadow


EARTH RADIUS

Erastofen - “Egyptian librarian” (276-196 B.C.), calculated radius of earth by sun shadow in Alexandria and Aswan (6366,7 км)


ODOMETER


FIRST MAP

V B.C. Polynesia


http://www.rirt.ru/history/navigation/ii-century.htm

MAGNETIC COMPASS

Magnetic poles are different with geographical poles .

Coordinates of magnetic poles North 72°N 96°W South 70°S 150°E Jupiter, Saturn, Uran and Neptune.


The first compasses were made of lodestone, a naturally-magnetized ore of iron. it would always point in the same direction (toward the magnetic poles). Later compasses were made of iron needles, magnetized by stroking them with a lodestone.

1100 A.D.


lead line is a length of thin rope with a plummet, generally of lead, at its end. lead line measures the depth of the seabed


Speedometer It is a light line was knotted at regular intervals (7,71 м) and weighted to drag in the water. It was tossed overboard over the stern as the pilot counted the knots that were let out during a specific period of time (15 s). From this he could determine the speed.

CHIP LOG (c.1500-1600)


LONGITUDE AND TIME

Time in Greenwich Земля делает один оборот вокруг своей оси

(360 градусов) за 24 часа. Следовательно 1 час соответствует 15 градусам вращения Земли.

In 1884, by international agreement, the meridian of Greenwich, England was adopted as the Prime Meridian (0° ).


Cross-staff

LEONARDO FIBANACHI


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ASTROLABE

1484 Martin Behaim to measure the angle above the horizon of the sun and stars to determine latitude


SEXTANT


history of navigation system

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