History of ComputersAbacus

Was invented approximately 3000 BC

Can do X, /, +, -

Is still in use today in parts of the world

History of ComputersNapier’s Bones

Was invented in 1500’s by John Napier

Can do X, /, +, -

Is able to do multiplication much faster than abacus

How it Works

History of ComputersPascaline

Was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642

Can do X, /, +, -

Wasn’t reliable as the position of the machine could cause the gears to move and change the result of a calculation

History of ComputersDifference

EngineWas invented in 1842 by Charles Babbage

Would able to do +, -, X, / as well as solve polynomial calculations and logarithms

Only built a portion of it before Babbage he could build one that would be programmable…the analytical engine

How it Works How it Works II

History of ComputersAnalytical

EngineCharles Babbage began working on it in 1848

Was designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation because it would be programmable! (punch cards)

Was never built by Babbage because of disagreements he had with the parts manufacturers and he ran out of money.

This was the worlds first truly programmable device, and therefore the world’s first true computer

Charles Babbage began working on it in 1848 It was built in the 1980’s by the University of Cambridge and worked as intended

History of ComputersTabulating Machine

Was invented by Herman Hollerith for the 1904 US Census

Uses punch cards to program. Used mainly for payroll calculations.

Hollerith sold his machine to IBM. IBM produced and sold thousands of this machine

History of ComputersMARK 1

Developed in 1942 by Harvard University and IBM to calculate firing trajectories for artillery shells

It was a fully programmable that used punched tape to store and retrieve instructions and data

The world’s first computer that used electronic relays for switches. It was not completely electronic.

Worked continuously for 15 years before it was decommissioned.

A moth got caught in one of the relays of this machine causing it to fail. When found the term “The program has a bug” was coined.

History of ComputersMARK 1 cont.

Was 8 feet tall and 51 feet long.

It could store 72 numbers in memory, perform addition of 23 digit numbers in a fraction of a second.

It could perform x, / of 23 digit numbers in a few seconds

History of ComputersENIAC

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

First programmable, fully electronic computer built by University of Pennsylvania and IBM in 1946

Was programmed by re-wiring the front panel (shown in picture) and stored data on punch cards

Used over 18, 000 tubes which generated a lot of heat and often burnt out

Was over 2000 times faster than the MARK 1Was also used by the military for artillery calculations Short History of ENIAC

History of ComputersColossus

Was invented in Britain in WWII under extreme secrecy.

Was used in the “Ultra program’ . This was a super top secret endeavor to break German high level codes.

The colossus was vital in successfully breaking many of the German Army and Navy codes.

Churchill ordered it destroyed after the war so it couldn’t be copied and its existence could be denied.

The Story

History of ComputersTransistor

Was invented in 1948 by three scientists: Bardeen, Brattain and Shockley at Bell Labs.

Was the first solid state (no moving parts) electronic switch!

It was cheaper to make, lasted much longer, was much smaller, faster and generated much less heat than the vacuum tube.

Was a true revolution in electronics

The backbone of all electronic devices

History of ComputersTransistor

cont.

History of ComputersUnivac

Was invented by Sperry - Rand

Used mainly vacuum tubes but had some transistors

Was one of the first successful commercial computers

Successfully predicted the outcome of the 1952 US presidential election

Original Univac Commercial

History of ComputersIntegrated

CircuitWas invented in 1972

Was the first device to incorporate thousands of transistors in a single wafer that could be soldered to a circuit board

Vastly increased the speed of an electronic device

Impact on Society

History of ComputersMicroprocessorWas invented in 1971 by Intel.

It was a special type of integrated circuit that contained the brains of the computer on a single chip

All the vital computer processing operations were integrated onto a single chip which made the computer extremely fast, and much cheaper to make

History of ComputersMicroprocessorThe number of transistors on a chip can give a rough estimation of the speed and processing power of the computer.

Today’s microprocessors can have over 2.5 billion transistors on a chip.

The first Intel chip introduced in 1971 had 2300 transistors

History of ComputersApple IIe

Apple was founded by Stephen Wozniak and Stephen Jobs in Cupertino California in 1978. The Apple II e was made in 1983

It was the first “personal computer” that was affordable for the general public

It launched the personal computer revolution Using an Apple II e

History of ComputersMacintosh

Was invented in 1984

It implemented the first GUI operating system, with a mouse

Microsoft copied this type of operating system with “Windows”

Apple Macintosh Superbowl Commercial

History of ComputersIBM Pc

Came out soon after the Apple IIc and was developed with ‘off the shelf’ parts at IBM

Was much less expensive but much harder to operate. It was not well received by consumers

It did not have a GUI but had support of businesses

PC Jr. Commercial

History of ComputersSmartphone

The first smart phone came out in 1992 and was developed by IBM called ‘Simon’

It had a calendar, address book, calculator, email service, and even a touch screen.

Was too expensive to be a commercial success

History of ComputersTablets

First developed by Microsoft in 2001

Had voice recognition and rotatable screen and used a pen

Didn’t find much commercial success except in hospitals and factories

History of ComputersQuantum Computer

Are currently being researched at universities around the world

Hold the promise of potentially being 1000’s of times faster than the fastest computers today.

Still in development

History of ComputersMolecular Computer

Are currently being researched in universities around the world

They are genetically designed computers using organic molecules. They will be like a ‘living’ computer

Still in research

History of ComputersState of the Art

Honda's Asimo

History of ComputersState of the Art

Swarm Robot HelicoptersJuggling