history of computers
DESCRIPTION
History of Computers. (What came before our modern time-saving devices). By Miss Hall and Mrs. Batchelor, 2014. Inventors of PRE-Computers. The Abacus. PASCAL and LEIBNIZ. Jacquard’s loom. Hollerith’s & Babbage’s machines. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS. 1 st & 2 nd generation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
(WHAT CAME BEFORE OUR MODERN TIME-SAVING DEVICES)
By Miss Hall and Mrs. Batchelor, 2014
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INVENTORS OF PRE-COMPUTERS
Inventors Inventions (Machine)
Ancient civilizations (e.g. Egyptians,
Chinese)
ABACUS, a manual calculating machine
Blaise Pascal PASCALINE, an accounting adding
machine
Gottfried Leibnez STEPPED RECKONER, a calculating
machine
Joseph-Marie Jacquard JACQUARD’S LOOM, an automatic cloth-
weaver
Herman Hollerith TABULATING MACHINE, to tally census
results
Charles Babbage ANALYTICAL ENGINE, DIFFERENCE
ENGINE
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THE ABACUS
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PASCAL AND LEIBNIZ
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JACQUARD’S LOOM
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HOLLERITH’S & BABBAGE’S MACHINES
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERSFirst Generation (1945-1956)
Second Generation (1956-1963)
Third Generation (1964-1970)
Fourth Generation (1971- present)
Vacuum Tubes Transistors Integrated Circuits Microprocessors
Big and Clumsy
High electricity consumption
Larger AC units were needed
Lot of electricity failure occurred.
Smaller transistors were used
Core memory was developed.
Faster than first generation computers
Integrated circuits developed
Power consumption was low.
100 times faster than the second generation
Development of portable computers
Floppy disks, optical disks then flash memory became the popular storage media
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1ST & 2ND GENERATION
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3RD & 4TH GENERATION
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SUPER COMPUTER
• Supercomputers – are the largest, fastest and most powerful computers at present.
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MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
• Mainframe – these computers are very expensive and can handle more than hundred users at a time. They are found in large organization such as banks.
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MINI COMPUTERS
These become outdated and are rarely used today. They were very popular in the 1960s. They take up less space, may fit on a desk or take up the space of filing cabinet. Modern versions would be something like servers
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MICROCOMPUTER
This type of computer includes those for general purpose and for business needs. They are usually called PC’s (Personal Computers) based on the microprocessor.
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TYPES OF COMPUTERSMICROCOMPUTER MINICOMPUTER MAINFRAME SUPERCOMPUTER
Desktop, laptop, palmtop
About the size of a small filing cabinet
Large office desk dimensions
Roomful of large filing cabinets SIZE
1 10-100 100-500 500-thousands USERS
Microseconds Under 100 nanoseconds Under 70 nanoseconds Under 15 nanoseconds SPEED
Joysticks, modems, keyboard, printer,
disk drives, monitor, etc.
Terminals, printers Magnetic tape drive Special high-performance devices PERIPHERALS
Dust-free, anti-virus, disk protection
Air- conditioning and security
recommended
Special cooling, fire protection, security
required
Special cooling, fire protection, security
requiredENVIRONMEN
T
CheapestSmall businesses or departments
use it
Often used as part of a network in medium to large businesses, e.g.
banks
Severe heat buildup, for superior (scientific)
applicationsNOTES
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REFERENCES
• http://history-computer.com/MechanicalCalculators/Pioneers/Lebniz.html
• http://www.thocp.net/hardware/pascaline.htm
• http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/HistoryPt2.htm
• http://www.zdnet.com/blog/open-source/mainframe-ubuntu-linux/9491
• http://www.shirazjju.com/1390/12/computer-generations-english/
• http://danjo.city.kashiwa.lg.jp/gakushuu/pcschool/pc_history/comp_history02.htm
• http://mally.stanford.edu/leibniz.html
THE END..