Group Members

• Abdul Rehman 12-EE-47• Ahsan Irshad 11-EE-

160• Irfan Farooq 12-EE-40• Muhammad Saaleh 12-EE-09• Muhammad Tehzeeb 12-EE-22• Muhammad Talha 12-EE-23

Definition of Communication

• Exchange of information between two or more than two people in an understandable form is called communication.

• The person who sends the message is called Sender.

• The person who receives the information is called Receiver.

History of Communications• Phoenicians alphabet.• Sumerians develop cuneiform writing -

pictographs of on clay tablets.• The Egyptians hieroglyphic writing

3500 BC to2900 BC

History of Communications

• Greeks use a phonetic alphabet written from left to right.

• Oldest record of writing in China on bones.

1775 BC

1400 BC

History of Communications• First postal service – for government use in China.

• First recorded use of homing pigeons to send messages - Announcing the winner of the Olympic Games to the Athenians.

900 BC

776 BC

History of Communications

• Papyrus rolls and early parchments made of dried reeds – first portable and light writing surfaces.

• Tsai Lun of China invents paper as we know it.

500 BC to 170 BC

105 BC

History of Communications• Human messengers on foot or horseback in Egypt and China with messenger.

• Fire and smoke messages.

200 to 100 BC

History of Communications

• Romans establish postal services.

• Heliographs - mirrors first used to send messages by Roman Emperor Tiberius.

14 AD

37 AD

History of Communications• Christiaan Huygens (Dutch scientist and

mathematician) work on the phenomena of light reflection and refraction.

• Main contribution: Invention of Pendulum, and Telescopic studies

1678

History of Communications

• Claude Chappe (Freanch Inventor) first long-distance semaphore telegraph line using pendulums (Sound Clock). . Different positions, different signals.

• Charles Wheatstone reproduces sound by vibration (Musical Instruments-Piano)

Main Contribution: Wheatstone Bridge

1793

1821

History of Communications

• Joseph Henry (American) invents the first electric telegraph. Electromagnet move- Selfinductance

• Micheal Faraday (English Physicist) publish his result on electromagnetism

• Samuel Morse invents Morse code. First long distance electric telegraph line. (Light, Voltage)

1831

1831

1835 to 1843

History of Communications

• Alexander Graham Bell (Scottish Scientist, Engineer) invents the electric telephone.

Diaphram, which converts sound to electric pulses.

1876

History of Communications• James Clerk Maxwell (1831-79): theory of

electromagnetic Fields, wave equations.

• Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857-94): Conclusively proved the existence of electromagnetic waves theorized by J Maxwell.

• Nikola Tesla Increased the distance of electromagnetic transmission.

1864

1886

History of Communications• Thomas Edison patents the

mimeograph - an office copying machine.

• Alexander Graham Bell patents the electric telephone.

• Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.

1876

1877

History of Communications

• Emile Berliner invents the gramophone - a system of recording which could be used over and over again.

1887

History of Communications

• Guglielmo Marconi improves wireless telegraphy.

• First telephone answering machines appear.

1894

History of Communications

• Guglielmo Marconi- demonstrates wireless telegraphy using long wave transmission with high transmission power (> 200kw)

1895

History of Communications

• Valdemar Poulsen invents the first magnetic recording device using magnetized steel tape.

• Loudspeakers invented.

1899

History of Communications• Amplitude Modulation was first

experimented by Reginald Fessen Ben and Roberto Landel

1900

History of Communications

• Marconi transmits radio signals from Cornwall to Newfoundland - the first radio signal to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

1901

History of Communications• First Radio Broadcast by Reginald A. Fessenden• Invention of Amplifying Vacuum Tubes(triode)

by Lee De Forest and Robert Von Lieben

• Commercial transatlantic connections through huge base stations (30 hundred meter high antennas)

• First cross country call was made.

1906

1907

1914

History of Communications

• Wireless voice transmission New York - San Francisco.

• First radios with tuners begin to broadcast different stations

1915

1916

History of Communications• Discovery of short waves by Marconi which can

reflect from ionosphere and can be transmit around the world.

• Train-phone was available on the Hamburg – Berlin line. Wires parallel to the railroad track worked as antenna.

• TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic, color TV, TV news) John L Baird

• Frequency modulation (E. H. Armstrong)

1920

1926

1928

1933