history of chn
TRANSCRIPT
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HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING IN
INDIA
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HISTORY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
ANCIENT PERIOD
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ANCIENT PERIODVEDIC PERIOD:
• Ayurveda and Siddha Systems of medicine came
into existence which suggested development of
comprehensive concept of health.
• Ayurveda practiced throughout the India but the
Siddha system is practiced in tamilnadu.
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DHANVANTHRI GOD
• Hindu god of medicine is said to have been born as a result of the churning of oceans during a “tug of war” between gods and demons.
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ATREYA• Atreya (about 800 b.c)
is acknowledged as the first great Indian physician and teacher.
• He lived in the ancient university of takshashila.
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CHARAKA
• Charaka compiled his famous treatise on medicine, the “charaka samhita”.
• He explained about 500 drugs.
• He was a first physician to explain the concept of digestion, metabolism, immunity, genetics and drugs.
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SHUSRUTA• Father of Indian surgery• Written “shusruta samhita”• Performed so many surgeries in
ancient India eg. Amputation, tumor extraction, hernia repair and plastic surgery etc.
• British physicians learned rhinoplasty from Indian surgeons.
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KING ASHOKA• King Ashoka and
other Buddhist kings established Ayurveda hospitals and schools of medicine in India.
• King Ashoka patronized Ayurveda as state medicine.
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MEDICAL EDUCATIONNALANDA UNIVERSITY
TAKSHASHILA UNIVERSITY
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MOHENJO DARO
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HARAPPA
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MUGHAL PERIOD
• Introduced unani system of medicine.
• Ayurveda started to decline.
• Exchange of thoughts and experience between the Hindu, Arab, Persians, Greek and Jewish scholars.
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PRE INDEPENDENCE ERA• Homeopathy was
introduced by Samuel Hahnemann during 1810-1839.
• India claims to have the largest number of practitioners of homeopathy medicine in the world.
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MILITARY NURSING
• 1664 : EAST INDIA COMPANY STARTED HOSPITAL FOR SOLDIERS IN A HOUSE AT FORT. ST. GEORGE, MADRAS.
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BRITISH PERIOD
• The first real development of modern public health in India took place in 1859 when the administration of India was taken over from east India company by the crown.
• British soldiers were died because of poor sanitation conditions.
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ROYAL COMMISSION
1859: • A Royal Commission was appointed in
India to investigate the causes of unhealthy conditions prevailing in British Army stationed in India .
• This commission recommended that there was a need in each presidency to protect the water supply, construction of drains and prevention of epidemics in civil population.
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FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE• Florence nightingale
studied the public health conditions in India and suggested the preventive measures for it.
• She suggested the measures for the welfare of the army.
• She suggested the system of nursing for hospitals in India.
• She motivated to start the nursing training schools in India
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MADRAS 1871:• FIRST NURSING TRAINING
SCHOOL STARTED IN GOVT. GENERAL HOSPITAL, MADRAS.
• SEPARATE CLINICAL FACILITIES FOR WOUNDED SOLDIERS IN ST.GEORGE FORT.
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CHRISTIAN MISSION HOSPITALS
• During 1874 – 90 the Christian Mission Hospitals in India started training courses for nurses.
• The Roman Catholic Nuns served as nurses in many Govt.Hospitals in India as well as in Hospitals run by religious orders.
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SCHOOL OF NURSING
• FIRST SCHOOL OF NURSING ESTABLISHED IN ST. STEPHENS HOSPITAL, NEW DELHI.
• 1890 – 1900 SO MANY NURSING SCHOOLS ESTABLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND MISSION HOSPITALS.
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• 1881– First Indian Factories Act was passed
and First All India Census was taken.• 1885– Local self Government Act was
passed.• 1888–Government directed that local
bodies should be responsible for sanitation.
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1930• At Calcutta ,an All India Institute of
Hygiene and Public Health was established with aid from the Rockefeller.
1931• A Maternal Child Welfare Bureau was
established by IRC Society.1935• All the health activities in the country were
grouped as under the control of • (a)Central (b)Central cum provincial (c)
Provincial government
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• 1937–A Central Advisory Board of health
was set up.• 1939–Madras Public Health Act was passed.–Rural Health Training Centre at Singur
near Calcutta(Rockefeller Foundation)• 1940–The Drugs Act was passed.
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TUBERCULOSIS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA
• 1939:
• Tuberculosis association of India is started to control the tuberculosis burden in the country.
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B.SC NURSING COURSES
• Nursing colleges established in c.m.c Vellore and RAK college in Delhi to provide degree in nursing.
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BHORE COMMITTEE• 1943–A health survey and
development committee (Bhore Committee) was appointed under the chairman of sir. Joseph Bhore .
• 1946–Bhore Committees
report was submitted.
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INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL
• INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL IS STARTED TO SET THE NURSING STANDARD IN INDIA.
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POST INDEPENDENDENCE ERA
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CENTRAL GOVERNMENT• The national government
took up the responsibility of improving health of people with the Bhore committee’s report.
• Ministry of health was established at Central and State level
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1948:– India joined as a member of WHO.–ESI Act was passed–Environment Hygiene Committee was
published.
1950:–Planning Commission was set up in
India.–Central Food Technological Institute
was established.
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1951• First Five Year Plan began.• BCG Vaccination programme was launched.• Central Drug Research Institute was opened at Lucknow.
1952• Central council of health was statutorily constituted with
Union minister of health as chairman and health Minister of states as members.
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1953:• Model Public Health Act Committee was appointed.• National Malaria Control Programme was initiated.• National Smallpox Eradication Programme was
started.• Family Planning Programme began, Family
Planning Research and Programme was set up.
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1954:Contributory Health Services Scheme was initiated in
Delhi.Central Social Welfare board was setupNational water supply and sanitation scheme was
inaugurated.National Leprosy Control Programme was started.VDRL antigen production was setup.Food Adulteration Act was passed.
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1955:• National Filiria Control Programme was started.• Central Research Centre and Central Leprosy
Training was established in TN.• National TB Survey Commenced.
1956• Second Five Year plan began.• Central Health education bureau was established.• Director of Family Planning was established.• Chemotherapy centre started at Madras
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1958• NMCP was changed to NMEP.
1959• Mudaliar Committee was appointed.• Rajasthan was first state to introduce
Panchayat Raj• National TB Institute at Bangalore was
established.
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• 1960• School Health Committee was formed.
• 1961• 3rd Five Year Plan was launched.
• 1962• Central Family Planning Institute was
established in New Delhi.• National Smallpox eradication
Programme, National Goitre Control Programme, National School Health Programme and district TB control programme was established.
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• 1963• Applied Nutrition Programme started.• NICD established.• National Trachoma control programme
was started.• 1965• IUCD was introduced• Direct BCG vaccination programme
without tuberculin tests was introduced.