Biochemistry

Chapter 4 Test Review

History of Cells Organelles Prokaryotes

& Eukaryotes(Insane in

the)Membrane

Cells in General

10 10 10 10 10

20 20 20 20 20

30 30 30 30 30

40 40 40 40 40

50 50 50 50 50

Question 1 - 10

• Hooke discovered cells by observing these

Answer 1 – 10

• Cork cells

Question 1 - 20

• Schleiden worked with these kind of cells

Answer 1 – 20

• Plant cells

Question 1 - 30

• Schwann worked with these kind of cells.

Answer 1 – 30

• animal

Question 1 - 40

• He was the Dutch scientist that first observed living cells.

Answer 1 – 40

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 1 - 50

• List the three parts of the cell theory.

Answer 1 – 50

• All living things are composed of one or more cells.

• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism.

• Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.

Question 2 - 10This structure protects the DNA in a cell.

Answer 2 – 10

• Nucleus

Question 2 - 20

• The Golgi Apparatus works together with this organelle to produce and package proteins.

Answer 2 – 20

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 2 - 30

• The network of proteins that supports the cell’s shape is referred to as this.

Answer 2 – 30

• cytoskeleton

Question 2 - 40

• This organelle is found in plants and uses light to make food.

Answer 2 – 40

• Chloroplast

Question 2 - 50

• The gastrocnemius is a muscle found in the lower leg, one of the two muscles that make up the calf. This organelle would be very plentiful in the gastrocnemius of athletes.

Answer 2 – 50

• Mitochondria

Question 3 - 10

• The are considered to be the first cells (bacteria).

Answer 3 – 10

• Prokaryotes

Question 3 - 20

• This categorization of cell are the cells that make up your tissues.

Answer 3 – 20

• eukaryotes

Question 3 - 30

• These lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Answer 3 – 30

• Prokaryotes

Question 3 - 40

• These three features that are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Answer 3 – 40

• Ribosomes• DNA• Cytoplasm• Cell membrane

Question 3 - 50

• This is the area in a prokaryotic cell where genetic material is concentrated.

Answer 3 – 50

• Nucleoid

Question 4 - 10

• This is the term we use to define the membrane that separates the interior and exterior of the cell.

Answer 4 – 10

• Phospholipid bilayer

Question 4 - 20

• Unbranched (straight) carbon chains that make up most lipids are called this.

Answer 4 – 20

• Fatty acids

Question 4 - 30

• The carboxyl end of a fatty acid is polar which gives it this property.

Answer 4 – 30

• Hydrophilic (water loving) attracted to water molecules

Question 4 - 40

• The hydrocarbon chain of a fatty acid is nonpolar which gives it this property.

Answer 4 – 40

• Hydrophobic (does not interact with water molecules)

Question 4 - 50

• The image below is described by this model (composed of varying macromolecules and moving).

Answer 4 – 50

• Fluid mosaic model

Question 5 - 10

• The major difference between plant cells and animal cells is because of these features (2 or 3)

Answer 5 – 10

• Cell wall• Large central vacuole• Chloroplasts

Question 5 - 20

• The structure and function of a protein (how it is shaped and what it does) are determined by this.

Answer 5 – 20

• Sequence of amino acids

Question 5 - 30

• Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes in the fact that they have these structures.

Answer 5 – 30

• Membrane bound organelles

Question 5 - 40

• Maximum cell size is limited by this.

Answer 5 – 40

• Surface area

Question 5 - 50

• The structure of these cells form branches which allow them to function as electrochemical messengers.

Answer 5 – 50

• Neurons, nerve cells