HISTORY OF BIOLOGYAristotle (384-322 B.C.)

CONTRIBUTIONS

Famous Greek PhilosopherPioneered ZoologyFirst to classify living thingsDivided the plants into herbs,

shrubs and trees and animals into land dwellers, water dwellers and air dwellers

Claudius Galen (A.D. 131-200)

CONTRIBUTIONS

Greek physician who describe the anatomy of the human body based on dissections of apes and pigs.

showed that arteries carry bloodHis description contained many

errors, however, and were unchallenged for 1,300 years.

Andreas Versalius (1514-1564)

CONTRIBUTIONSFather of Modern AnatomyMade the first studies on human

anatomy by dissecting corpses “De Humani Corporis Fabrica”.

He pioneered the comparative approach, which is using other animals to know the function and organization of a particular anatomical part of the body.

William Harvey (1578-1657)

CONTRIBUTIONSEnglish physician who showed

conclusively that the heart pumps the blood and the blood circulates.

He stimulated the development of anatomy by proving the principle that structure and function must be studied together.

gave an accurate account of the mechanism of the circulatory system

William Harvey Explains Blood Circulation

Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694)

CONTRIBUTIONSItalian physician and anatomist who was

the founder of microscopic anatomy.In 1661, he discovered the capillaries,

shedding light to the missing element in Harvey’s theory of blood circulation.

observed the microscopic components of the liver, brain, kidneys, spleen, bone, and the inner, or what came to be known as the Malpighian, layer of the skin

discover red blood corpuscles

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1694)

CONTRIBUTIONSCloth merchant, was the first to

use the microscope with great observational and descriptive skills.

His most important discoveries were microorganisms (including bacteria), sperm cells and single-celled organisms called protozoans.

CAROLUS LINNAEUS (1707-1778)

CONTRIBUTION

Father of TaxonomyDeveloped binomial

nomenclature to classify and organize plants and animals

GREGOR MENDEL (1822-1884)

CONTRIBUTION

Father of GeneticsDeveloped the principles of

heredity by studying the variation and heredity of seven pairs of inherited characteristics in pea plants

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

CONTRIBUTIONSThe most prominent figure in the

history of biology.His book “Origin of Species”

(1859) presents the theory of evolution by natural selection.

His work provided a unifying, organizing framework for the field of biology.

FILIPINO BIOLOGISTSLeon Ma. Guerrero (1853-1935)

CONTRIBUTIONSFather of Philippine

Pharmacophytology.He identified hundreds of trees

and herbs and sought to extract from them certain substances with therapeutic properties.

First to identify and describe plants that poison fish.

Angel S. Arguelles (1888-1952)

CONTRIBUTIONS

Taught Filipino planters and farmers how to use fertilizers and pesticides.

His name is listed among the “American Men of Science” (He is not an American)

Nemesio L. Mendiola (1890-1983)

- Introduced better varieties of fruits, vegetables and flowering plants.

- Breed a new variety of pineapple that has the sweetness of the Hawaiian pineapple and the high yield of the native pineapple.

- He was referred to as the “Luther Burbank” of the Philippines.

CONTRIBUTIONS

Felix D. Maramba Sr. (1898-1983)

- Popular in the fields of agriculture and business.

- He contributed a machine that could turn rice hull into fuels for farm engines, a charcoal and a coconut-oil fed power generator and the biogas technology.

- Other researches of Maramba are production of alcohol from cassava, soap from lye, and pelletized sludge organic fertilizer.

- He was indeed a man of ingenuity in agricultural technology.

CONTRIBUTIONS

Juan Salcedo (1904-1988)

CONTRIBUTIONSLaunched the biggest project in the history of

Philippine medicine – the inclusion of enriched rice in the Filipino diet.

*Enriched rice is fortified with vitamin B1 to cure beri-beri.

He took other projects like the extensive drive to combat mosquitoes which carry malaria germs, and the use of the vaccine BCG to combat tuberculosis.

He was among the first batch of national scientists named by the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST).

Fe Del Mundo (1907 – present)

CONTRIBUTIONSInvented the incubator and the

jaundice-relieving device for babies.

She conducted an experiment on immunization that help designate the best age at which children should be immunized.

She wrote many books and research papers on pediatrics.

She was proclaimed a National Scientist in 1980.