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Patrick McDonough

Senior Division

Individual Website

74128810.nhd.weebly.com

Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Assembly, National. Duke University, "French Constitution of 1791 ." Accessed November 17,

2013. https://web.duke.edu/secmod/primarytexts/FrenchConstitution1791.pdf.

The French Constitution of 1791, written by the National Assembly, outlined the ideas

established in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and made them official.

This is a primary source since it was written during the French Revolution. I used this to display

how the Declaration became official and more specified.

Buchez, Philippe-Joseph-Benjamin. Histoire parlementaire de la révolution française . Paris: J.

Hetzel , 1845. https://archive.org/stream/histoireparleme23buchgoog

Histoire parlementaire de la révolution française is a book written by Philippe-Joseph-Benjamin

Buchez. This source is primary because Buchez lived during the French Revolution and includes

excerpts from the Tennis Court Oath. This source mostly helped me with the Tennis Court Oath

and its meaning.

Assembly, Constitutional. "Constitution of 1801." Accessed December 11, 2013.

http://college.cengage.com/history/world/keen/latin_america/8e/assets/students/sources/p

dfs/33_haitian_constitution_1801.pdf.

The Haitian Constitution of 1801 was a constitution written by the Haitian Constitutional

Assembly. This source is a primary source since it was written during the Haitian and French

Revolutions. This document helped me to analyze how the French Revolution influenced the

ideas of the Haitian Revolution.

de Montesquieu, Charles. The Spirit of Laws. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1748.

http://www.constitution.org/cm/sol.txt (accessed November 14, 2013).

The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise that was written by Charles de Montesquieu in 1748 during

the Age of Enlightenment in Europe. Thus, this source is a primary source. This treatise helped

me to connect the Enlightenment idea that the government should instill liberty in the community

to the signing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

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Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. London: A. Millar, 1690.

http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php?title=222 (accessed

November 14, 2013).

Two Treatises of Government is a work of the Enlightenment philosopher John Locke and

therefore is a primary source. This piece of work allowed me to connect the French ideas of

equality, outlined in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, to the

Enlightenment ideas of equality.

National Assembly, . Yale Law School:The Avalon Project, "Declaration of the Rights of Man-

1789." Last modified 2008. Accessed March 24, 2013.

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/rightsof.asp.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was written in 1789 and the site has the

exact words of the Declaration, so the Declaration is a primary source. The Declaration was

immensely helpful for my project because it basically outlined all of the rights and

responsibilities during the French Revolution, which directly pertains to the National History

Day Theme of Rights and Responsibilities.

Robespierre, Maximilien. Columbia University, "On the Moral and Political Principles of

Domestic Policy." Accessed November 17, 2013.

http://www.college.columbia.edu/core/sites/core/files/text/robesmor_0.pdf.

"On the Moral and Political Principles of Domestic Policy" is a piece written by Robespierre,

who was effectively France’s dictator for two years, during the infamous Reign of Terror. It is a

primary source since it was written during the time period of my project. I used this source to

observe and show how Robespierre justified trampling over the ideas outlined in the Declaration

of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques . The Social Contract. London: J.M. Dent, 1762.

http://www.constitution.org/jjr/socon.htm (accessed November 14, 2013).

The Social Contract is a primary since it was written during the time period my project is on.

This source helped me to further explore the connection between the Enlightenment and the

French Revolution.

Sieyès, Emmanuel-Joseph. Southern Methodist University, "What is the Third Estate? ."

Accessed November 12, 2013.

http://faculty.smu.edu/rkemper/cf_3333/Sieyes_What_is_the_Third_Estate.pdf.

“What is the Third Estate?” was written by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès in 1789 during the early

stages of the French Revolution and thus is a primary source. This document allowed me to see

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the perspective of the Third Estate before the Revolution and how they felt useless and trodden

upon. These grievances were some of the main reasons why the French Revolution took place.

Secondary Sources

Cole, Joshua. "Joshua Cole on the French Revolution, pt. 1: The Declaration of the Rights of

Man and Citizen ." December 5, 2011.

Joshua Cole is a Professor of History at the University of Michigan. This interview of Joshua

Cole by Norton History was conducted on December 5, 2011 and thus is a secondary source. The

interview helped me to understand the rights that were outlined in the Declaration of the Rights

of Man and of the Citizen and why the Declaration was so radical when it was first ratified.

Cole, Joshua. November 11, 2013.

Joshua Cole is a Professor of History at the University of Michigan. I interviewed Joshua Cole

on November 11, 2013 and therefore this interview is a secondary source. This interview helped

me mostly with three specific things: the historical context of the Declaration, the reasons why

the Declaration failed and the legacy of the Declaration.

Forrest, Alan. Napoleon: Life, Legacy, and Image: A Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press,

2011.

Napoleon: Life, Legacy, and Image: A Biography, written by Alan Forrest, is a book about

Napoleon, his influences, his life and his reign as Emperor of France. This is a secondary source

since it was written a while after Napoleon’s Reign. I used this source to connect Napoleon’s

Reign with the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

Herold, J. Christopher . The Age of Napoleon. New York: American Heritage Inc., 1963.

J. Christopher Herold is an author and one of his most famous pieces of literature is The Age of

Napoleon. This book is a secondary source since it was written over 100 years after the reign of

Napoleon. I used this source to connect the ideas from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and

of the Citizen to the actions and government during Napoleon’s reign.

Hanson, Paul . Contesting the French Revolution . London: Blackwell , 2009.

Paul Hanson is a Historian who’s main area of study is the French Revolution. His book

Contesting the French Revolution was published in 2009 and therefore is a secondary source.

This book helped me to understand the different viewpoints of the Revolution during the

Revolution and how the Revolution completely flipped the balance of power in France.

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Hindmarch, Carl. "Terror: Robespierre and the French Revolution" Recorded 2009. BBC 2009.

Web, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wiw2LkUwnw4

“Terror: Robespierre and the French Revolution" by BBC is about the Reign of

Terror and more specifically Robespierre’s influence in the Terror. This source is

a secondary source since it describes events that happened over two hundred years

ago. I used this source to contrast the Reign of Terror with the Declaration.

Jellinek, Georg, and Max Farrand. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens: A

Contribution to Modern Constitutional History. New York: Henry Holt and Company,

1901.

Georg Jellinek and Max Farrand were both renowned University Professors and Historians.

Their book The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens: A Contribution to Modern

Constitutional History was a vital source for my research. The book allowed me to be able to

interpret the meaning and impact of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

Jordan, David. "Robespierre." The Journal of Modern History. no. 2 (1977): 282-291.

http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bpl.org/stable/1876343? (accessed October 1, 2013).

David Jordan is a writer for The Journal of Modern History and his article “Robespierre” in this

journal proved useful in my research. The article is a secondary source because it was written

nearly two hundred years after the French Revolution. The article helped me to understand the

ways and actions of Robespierre in order to full comprehend what Robespierre’s views and

aspirations were. This, in turn, allowed me to see why the Revolution did fail and in the process

completely trod over the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

Lefebvre, Georges. The Coming of the French Revolution. Paris: University of Paris, 1947.

Georges Lefebvre was a French Historian who was best known for his several works on the

French Revolution. This book is a secondary source since it was published a while after the

French Revolution. I used this source for multiple topics, including the Tennis Court Oath and

the historical context of the Declaration.

McLynn, Frank. Napoleon: A Biography. New York: Arcade Publishing, 1997.

Frank McLynn is an author, biographer, historian and journalist. One of his most acclaimed

works is Napoleon: A Biography. The book is a secondary source since it was written a long time

after Napoleon’s reign took place. I used this source to elucidate the ways that Napoleon stuck to

the French Revolution ideas as well as deviated from them.

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Neely, Sylvia. A Concise History Of The French Revolution. Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield,

2008.

Sylvia Neely is a Professor of History at Penn State University and has studied the French

Revolution extensively. The book is a secondary source because the book is not written by

someone who lived during the French Revolution. I used her book A Concise History Of The

French Revolution as more of a general timeline of information about the French Revolution,

rather than a specific source on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This

source also gave me useful statistics on the three French Estates, which I translated into graphs.

Olsen, Mark. "The Language of Enlightened Politics: The Société de 1789 in the French

Revolution." Computers and the Humanities . no. 4/5 (1989): 357-364.

http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bpl.org/stable/30204375? (accessed September 26, 2013).

Mark Olsen is a writer for Computers and the Humanities and is a historian of the French

Revolution. His article “The Société de 1789 in the French Revolution” is a secondary source

because it was written much later than the French Revolution. But, this source still gave me

valuable information regarding the different aspects of society in pre-revolutionary France.

Palmer, Robert. Twelve who ruled: the year of the terror in the French Revolution. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 1958.

Robert Palmer is a Historian who studies the Fench Revolution and his book Twelve who ruled:

the year of the terror in the French Revolution was particuraly helpful to me. The book is a

secondary source because it was written well after the French Revolution. Palmer’s piece mostly

helped me understand the atrocities during the Reign of Terror and how these horrible acts

violated the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

Pipes, Richard. The Russian Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1990.

The Russian Revolution, written by Richard Pipes, is a book about the Russian Revolution, its

causes and its effects. The book is a secondary source since it was written a while after the

Russian Revolution. This book helped me identify similarities between the French Revolution

and the Russian Revolution.

Robinson, James. "The Tennis Court Oath." Political Science Quarterly. no. 3 (1895): 460-474.

http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.bpl.org/stable/2139955? (accessed November 16, 2013).

James Robinson is a writer for Political Science Quarterly. This is a secondary source since it

was written 100 years after the Revolution, but it did have primary source quotes from The

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Tennis Court Oath that were taken from Histoire parlementaire de la révolution française (1845).

This source gave me helpful analysis of the Tennis Court Oath as well as a great primary source.

Rudé, George. The French Revolution. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988.

George Rudé is a world famous Historian of the French Revolution and his book The French

Revolution is a great example of his expertise. The French Revolution is a secondary source since

it was written two hundred years after the French Revolution. I used Rudé’s book, in the most

part, for valuable historical context and immediate effects such as the Enlightenment and the

Reign of Terror respectively.

Schama, Simon . Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,

Inc., 1989.

Simon Schama is a world renowned French Revolution Historian and a Professor of History at

Columbia University. His book Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution is a secondary

source because it was written a while after the French Revolution. This source helped me with

the immediate causes of the Revolution because the book went into great detail about

immediately before the Revolution and the earlier parts of the Revolution.

Schama, Simon. "The Power of Art: Jacques-Louis David" PBS November 10 2006. Web,

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pIw9XYHwVKc.

Simon Schama is a world renowned French Revolution Historian and a Professor of History at

Columbia University. His documentary “The Power of Art: Jacques-Louis David” is a secondary

source since it was filmed well after the Revolution. This helped me throughout my project, but

mostly for information on the Tennis Court Oath.

Shultz, Doug, Ivascu , George , & Herrmann, Edward. "The French Revolution" Recorded 2005.

History Channel. DVD

The History Channel’s Documentary “The French Revolution” included several venerable

historians such as Michael Farquhar, David Bell and Evelyne Lever. The documentary is a

secondary source because it relays facts and displays historians’ opinions and analysis of events

that happened over two hundred years ago. This documentary was one of my most crucial

sources because it provided in depth analysis of almost every major event throughout the course

of the French Revolution.

Schwab, Gail, and John Jeanneney. The French Revolution of 1789 and Its Impact. Connecticut:

Greenwood Press, 1995.

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The French Revolution of 1789 and Its Impact, written by Gail Schwab and John Jeanneney, is

about the French Revolution and its impact. This is a secondary source since it was written well

after the French Revolution took place. I used this book to connect the French Revolution and

the Russian Revolution.

Soboul, Albert. The French Revolution 1787-1799: From the Storming of the Bastille to

Napoleon . New York: Random House, Inc., 1962.

Albert Soboul was a famous historian of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods. His

book The French Revolution 1787-1799: From the Storming of the Bastille to Napoleon is a

secondary source because it was written well after the French Revolution took place. I mostly

used his book for immediate context and immediate effects of the French Revolution and the

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The book provided several causes of the

Revolution as well as insight into why the Declaration was signed.

"The Russian Revolution in Colour: Fear and Paranoia." BBC 2005. Web,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3OGq-AI2Y0.

“The Russian Revolution in Colour: Fear and Paranoia”, produced by BBC, was one of my most

valuable sources when it came to the historical significance of the French Revolution. This

documentary is a secondary source since it was filmed over eighty years after the Russian

Revolution. I used this source to show how the French Revolution paralleled as well as

influenced the Russian Revolution.

Van Kley, Dale . November 21, 2013.

Dale Van Kley is a historian of the French Revolution and a Professor of History at The Ohio

State University until 2013. I interviewed him on November 21, 2013 and thus the interview is a

secondary source. This interview helped me in three areas: the effect to which the Directory and

Napoleon conformed to the Declaration of Rights, the American Revolution as a cause of the

Rights of Man and the importance of the French Revolution historically.

Van Kley, Dale. The French Idea of Freedom: The Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of

1789. California: Stanford University Press, 1994.

Dale Kley is a historian and a Professor of History at the Ohio State University. His book The

French Idea of Freedom: The Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789 was an

important asset to me during my research. This source is a secondary source because it was not

written at the time of the French Revolution. The book helped me to explore the Declaration of

the Rights of Man and of the Citizen at a deeper level as well as view the numerous effects of the

Declaration.

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Walker, Noland. "Égalité for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution." PBS

January 25 2009. Web, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOGVgQYX6SU.

PBS’ documentary "Égalité for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian

Revolution" is a secondary source since it was recorded well after the French and

Haitian Revolutions. The documentary was filled with analysis of the French

Revolution’s effects on the Haitian Revolution. Although the Haitian Revolution

was during the French Revolution I used the source for my Legacy page because

it fit under my page other revolutions.