HISTORY

OF JOURNALISM

BIRTH of journalism

• History of JOURNALISM=history of TECHNOLOGY

• Every society spreads news…• Story of Marathon (490 B.C.)• Wandering minstrels (middle ages 400’s-1400’s)

1400’s

• Printing press (around 1440)– Gutenberg (Johann)

1500’s

• CENSORSHIP!– Henry VIII• List of prohibited books• Forced printers to obtain licenses• Arrests for sedition (rebelling against authority)• “unfitting worddes”

1600’s

• 1610 – First weekly newspapers– Cologne and Vienna

• 1644 – John Milton (poet) pleas for free speech (Areopagitica)– US later modeled free press rights after this

• 1690 - First American newspaper starts/fails– Boston Publick Occurrences

1700’s

• 1704 – First successful American newspaper• The Boston News-Letter

• 1729 – BEN FRANKLIN Pennsylvania Gazette• Bold! Best paper!

• Postriders (throughout 1700’s) delivered news• 1735 – Freedom of the press– John Paul Zenger – libel (NY Governor) acquitted!

• 1765 – Stamp Act! – Raised prices 50%...repealed after violent protest– (Boston Tea Party 1773, Tea act 1773)

1700’s continued…

• 1776—Declaration of Independence printed in more than 20 colonial newspapers

• 1783—First DAILY U.S. newspaper• 1791—BILL OF RIGHTS!

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

1800’s

• 1825 – First cylinder press!

1830’s

• Homing pigeons!

(500 mpd)• Pony Express!

1840’s

• Telegraph!– Long-distance reporting

• Fredrick Douglass– The North Star– Fighting slavery

1850’s

• NEW YORK TIMES

1860-1870’s

• HUNDREDS of reporters cover a big event– What was it?– Civil War!

• First (practical) typewriter invented• 1876– What was invented?– Telephone!

1880-90’s

• First PHOTOGRAPH

• First bylines• YELLOW

Journalism– HEARST– PULITZER– WAR with

Spain

1900’s

• Early 1900’s--Mudrackers! Expose injustice! Write for REFORM!

• 1920 – First regular RADIO SCHEDULE!

• 1934 – ASSOCIATED PRESS (photos)• 1939 – Commercial TELEVISION• 1963 – Kennedy assassination watched by 96%

of people who had TVs.

1900’s cont.

• 1945 – 2,000 Americans owned televisions• 1960 – 90% of American homes had TV• Late 1960’s – Anti-war UNDERGROUND

newspapers!• 1974 – Nixon brought down by investigative

reporting.• 1976 – Apple II (home computer)• 1976 – Nintendo!

1900’s cont.

• 1980 – Ted Turner– CNN! First 24-hour news channel

• 1982 – USA Today– SHOCKING!– Short– Colorful

• 1990’s – Internet wires the planet!

What’s next?

• WikiLeaks• Wikipedia• Print newspapers are dwindling• On-line news sources– Photos– Videos– Links– Interactive

YOUR TASK!

• Make a timeline!• Include 10 key events in the history of

journalism.• Be creative!• Work alone or with a partner.• Make it memorable! • Suggestions: Inspiration…string and paper…

PowerPoint…Timeglider.com…Comic Life…