historical failures, lessons learned and design improvements · historical failures, lessons...
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Historical Failures, Lessons Learned and Design Improvements
H. N. HashemiMIME Dept.
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Turbo-Generator Shafts Failure
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Shaft is subjected to transient Torques
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Mode of Failure
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Life Estimation
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Failure Modes
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ISUZU Failure of the Break
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Inspection of the System
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Mechanism of Failure
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Metallography Study
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Merrimack River Dam Failure
• Mechanism of Failure, Strain Hardening of Rods
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Hyatt Hotel Failure in Kansas City
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Design and Factual Information
• Hyatt Walkway Collapse• Kansas City Hyatt Regency hotel
opened in 1980 • 40-story tower • Function block • Connecting atrium with three elevated
walkways 117 ft (36 m) long
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Initial Design
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Designed was changed to this
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The Change in Design Doubled the stress in the joint
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Since both the 4th and 2nd floor walkways fell, which parts of
the walkways could have failed?
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1940 suspension bridge in Washington state
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Third-longest in the world in 1940 (5000 ft; 2800 ft center span)
Quite narrow (39 feet; two lanes) Bridge deck supported by vertical cables hung from two long cables strung from one shore, over two towers, to
other shore
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To reduce costs, sides constructed of solid 8-foot tall I-beams rather than
typical open trusses
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November 7, 1940
(four months after opening)
• Midnight storm weakens bridge deck and cable stays
• Mid-morning wind reaches 40-45 mph • Bridge closed at 10 am and bridge
begins torsional wave motion
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Why did this bridge oscillate so much? Why did this bridge fail when other, longer bridges
didn’t? What design changes might have prevented this
failure?
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Solid I-beam girders, unlike trusses, did not allow wind to flow through Flexible bridge oscillated vertically (transverse waves)
due to vertical forces from “vortex shedding”as wind flowed around side girders
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Why did this bridge fail when other, longer
bridges didn’t?
• More Vertical Deflection• More Torsional Deflection
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Failure Due to Inspections
• Nondestructive Evaluation such as• Ultrasonic• Eddy Current• Thermography• Radiography• Vibrations• Etc.
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I 95 Bridge section failure due to missing a large crack during inspections of the bridge
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Poor inspections, missing cracks, resulted in a disaster
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• Thank you