historic building survey - survey association nov 2016 - historic england.pdfhistoric building...
TRANSCRIPT
Historic Building
Surveys
Paul Bryan BSc FRICS
Geospatial Imaging Manager
Geospatial Imaging Team, Imaging Team
37 Tanner Row, York, YO1 6WP
Tel 01904 601959 Mobile 07889 808186
Email [email protected]
TSA Conference, Avoncroft Museum, Stoke Heath 9th November
2016
Surveying technologies used by
heritage
Courtesy of Wolfgang Böhler
(i3mainz)
Hand measurement
“Systematic investigation of a building is
crucial to understanding. It requires good
observational and analytical skills, with an
adequate record made of points observed.”
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-
books/publications/understanding-historic-buildings/Reproduced courtesy of Rebecca Lane © Historic England
Hand measurement
“Drawings are an efficient way of
conveying the evidence on which an
interpretation is based and are a powerful
analytical tool in their own right.”
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-
books/publications/drawing-for-understanding/Drawings and photographs by Allan T Adams © Historic England
Tacheometry
“The TST (Total Station Theodolite) is
perfectly capable of delivering highly
accurate surveys in almost any terrain.”
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-
books/publications/traversingthepast/ Reproduced courtesy of Trevor Pearson, Jon Bedford & Bernard Thomason © Historic England
GPS/GNSS
“There is a wide variety of different
satellite receivers available for use in
survey”
https://historicengland.org.uk/images-
books/publications/where-on-earth-gnss-
archaeological-field-survey/
Image by Trevor Pearson © Historic England
Geospatial Imaging technologies
“Building for the Future”
Courtesy of Wolfgang Böhler
(i3mainz)
Geospatial Imaging?
Geospatial
“of or relating to the relative position of things on
the earth's surface”
Geospatial Imaging
“The technologies used to extract geospatial
information from remotely sensed imagery and
other raster data types. The information is used
to make smart decisions about the impact of
human development on the natural environment”
Photogrammetry
“the art, science and
technology of determining
the size, shape and
identification of objects by
analysing terrestrial or aerial
imagery”
(TSA, 2016)
Courtesy of Wolfgang Böhler
(i3mainz)
Stereo - photogrammetry
Photogrammetry
Stereo-photography – the ‘building-
block’ of photogrammetry
Drawings Contour Plots
Surface Models & Orthophotographs Animations & 3D Models
Advantages
• Applicable on all 2D and 3D surfaces
• Stereo-photography excellent archival record
• Modern approaches use ‘off-the-shelf’ digital
cameras
• Allows production of stone-by-stone line drawings
Disadvantages
• Requires overlapping photography
• Traditional approaches require sophisticated camera
and processing equipment
• Line drawings require interpretation – often open to
debate
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetric survey of ‘Brunel's Bridge’, Paddington Station, London, 2003 © English Heritage
Courtesy of Wolfgang Böhler
(i3mainz)
Structure from Motion
(SfM)
Multi-image Photogrammetry
Image by Jon Bedford © Historic England
Advantages
• Applicable on all 2D and 3D surfaces
• Multi-image photography excellent archival record
• Does not rely on using calibrated metric cameras
• Structure from Motion (SfM) is low cost and making
photogrammetry VERY fashionable again
Disadvantages
• Requires multi-overlap imagery - 80% forward 60%
side
• Relies on visible texture within imagery for correlation
• Accurate data relies on good imagery & ground
control
• Black-box software may simplify photogrammetric
processing but…......Rubbish in = Rubbish out!
Structure from Motion (SfM)
SfM derived 3D survey of Berry Pomeroy Castle by Helipix © English Heritage
Laser scanning
“any device that collects 3D
co-ordinates of a given
region of an object’s surface
automatically and in a
systematic pattern at a high
rate achieving the results in
near real time”
(Böhler, W and Marbs, A 2002)
Laser scanning
Courtesy of Wolfgang Böhler
(i3mainz)
Static laser
scanning
Laser scanning
Terrestrial
Time of flight (pulse) &
phase difference
Faro S150
approx £40KZ+F 5016
approx £60K
Leica P40
approx £60K
Trimble TX8
approx £60K
Close range
Triangulation
& Structured light
Artec MHT
approx £12K
Faro Freestyle
approx £5K
DotProduct3D DPI7
approx £3K
Minolta VI-910
approx £30K
Laser scanning
Courtesy of Wolfgang Böhler
(i3mainz)
Mobile laser
scanning
Advantages
• Applicable on all 2D and 3D surfaces
• Very fast – now over 1,000,000 points per second
• High resolution – typically millimetre point spacing
• Can integrate digital imaging with point data using
on-board cameras, external DSLR or HDR panoramic
sensor
Laser scanning
Laser scan survey of Grade II listed Co-op building, Barnsley August 2016 © Historic England
Advantages
• Applicable on all 2D and 3D surfaces
• Very fast – now over 1,000,000 points per second
• High resolution – typically millimetre point spacing
• Can integrate digital imaging with point data using
on-board cameras, external DSLR or HDR panoramic
sensor
Disadvantages
• Produces very large data files often difficult to view
without high-end computers and dedicated viewers
• Scanners still expensive – between £30K - £100K
• Sophisticated post-processing software needed to
generate useable outputs
• Line drawings still require manual digitisation
Laser scanning
Laser scan survey of Stonehenge 2012 © English Heritage
• Recording & documentation
base data for historical analysis
Exploiting geospatial imaging
data
Laser scan survey of Cell Block, Richmond Castle, North Yorkshire 2015 © Historic England
• Recording & documentation
base data for historical analysis
• Conservation planning
works specifications
condition assessments
Exploiting geospatial imaging
data
Laser scan survey of Observation Post, Hurst Castle © Historic England
• Recording & documentation
base data for historical analysis
• Conservation planning
works specifications
condition assessments
• Illustration and presentation
static and virtual display
website and app development
Image of Tintagel Castle by Future Aerial Innovations © English Heritage
Images of Tintagel Castle Visitor Centre © English Heritage
Exploiting geospatial imaging
data
• Recording & documentation
base data for historical analysis
• Conservation planning
works specifications
condition assessments
• Illustration and presentation
static and virtual display
website and app development
• Building Information Modelling (BIM)
Heritage science
Digital data management
Exploiting geospatial imaging
data
Image courtesy of Carl Brookes, Ramboll
www.bim4heritage.org
The application of Building Information
Modelling (BIM) within a heritage science
context
• Awarded to Ramboll consulting
engineers
• Is considering the heritage science and
heritage conservation processes within
a BIM-based workflow
• two case studies
• Harmondsworth Barn
• Ironbridge
• Due for completion in November 2017
https://historicengland.org.uk/research
The application of BIM within a Heritage Science Context
Collaborative Doctoral Partnership (CDP) with
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
2016-2018
• Awarded to University of Reading,
School of the Built Environment with their
project “Heritage BIM: New ways of
digital data management for the historic
built environment”
• 3½ year project
• Started in October and undertaken by
Joanne Hull, part-time Maintenance
Project with English Heritage
• Principal supervisor – Ian Ewart
“The aim of the project is to investigate
how a widely-used IT system for the
centralised storage and dissemination of
information about a building (Building
Information Modelling) can be applied to
existing, and specifically historic, built
environments.”
Heritage BIM New ways of digital data management for
the historic built environment
Historic Building Survey
“The Intelligent Client”
• Small size of internal team means the
majority of survey data for Historic England
and English Heritage is generated by
external contractors
• Procured using EU-compliant Framework
Agreement
1. Image-based survey
2. low level aerial photography (drones)
3. topographic survey
4. measured building survey
Getting the right survey for
the right job is important
• Small size of internal team means the
majority of survey data for Historic England
and English Heritage is generated by
external contractors
• Procured using EU-compliant Framework
Agreement
1. Image-based survey
2. low level aerial photography (drones)
3. topographic survey
4. measured building survey
• Requires performance based specification
Metric Survey Specifications for Cultural
Heritage
Historic Building Survey
“The Intelligent Client”
Metric Survey Specifications for
Cultural Heritage
Originally published 2003 - second edition 2009
• Image-based survey – rectified,
photogrammetry and orthophotography
• Topographic survey – total stations & GPS
• Measured building survey – total stations
and laser scanning
Revised edition published September 2015
• Widespread use of laser scanning
• Ubiquity of digital cameras
• Developments in photogrammetry (SfM)
• Use of Small Unmanned Aircraft (drones)
• Increasing adoption of BIM
Where specifications already exist we use
them
For example
• RICS - Conventional vertical aerial
photography & digital imaging
• BSI - Underground utility detection,
verification & location
• RICS - Measured surveys of land, buildings
& utilities
No need to re-invent the
wheel!
Where specifications already exist we use
them
For example
• RICS - Conventional vertical aerial
photography & digital imaging
• BSI - Underground utility detection,
verification & location
• RICS - Measured surveys of land, buildings
& utilities
• Survey detail accuracy band table
• Equates plan & height accuracy to
scale
No need to re-invent the
wheel!
• The Survey Association (TSA) is the trade
body for commercial survey companies in
the UK
Promotes best practice
Provides forum for discussion
Provides guidance on new methods &
techniques
• TSA’s Technical Committee is working on
updating and creating free to download
Client Guides and Guidance Notes on
various areas and scales of surveying
www.tsa-uk.org.uk
Technical guidance
• Historic England
BIM for
Heritage
May
2017?
Drones for
Heritage
Summer
2017?
Photogrammetric
Applications for
Cultural Heritage
Coming in
April 2017
https://historicengland.org.uk/advice/technical-advice/recording-heritage/
3D Laser
Scanning for
Heritage (Third edition)
Coming in
April 2017
Technical guidance
Many thanks for listening
Paul Bryan BSc FRICS
Geospatial Imaging Manager
Geospatial Imaging Team, Imaging Team
37 Tanner Row, York, YO1 6WP
Tel 01904 601959 Mobile 07889 808186
Email [email protected]
Twitter @paul450tvrwww.whittlespublishing.com/3D_Recording_Documentation_an
d_Management_of_Cultural_Heritage