historic american engineering recordlcweb2.loc.gov/master/pnp/habshaer/ct/ct0700/ct0722/data/... ·...

HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD

HADDAM NECK NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 115 kV SWITCHYARD (Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, 115 kV Switchyard)

HAER No. CT-185-P

Location:

Dates of Construction:

Engineers:

Present Owners:

Present Use:

Significance:

Project Information:

362 Injun Hollow Road Haddam Middlesex County Connecticut

U.S. Geological Survey Haddam & Deep River Quadrangles UTM Coordinates 18.708748.4595057

1964-1966

Westinghouse Electric Company

Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company (CY APCO) 362 Injun Hollow Road Haddam Neck CT 06424-3022

Demolished

The Haddam Neck Nuclear Power Plant was one of the earliest commercial-scale nuclear power stations in the United S~ates, and was eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. The 115 kV Switchyard received power from three Northeast Utilities substations to run major plant auxiliaries during start-up and shutdown, and to run the reactor coolant pumps during normal operations.

CY APCO ceased electrical generation at the Haddam Neck plant in 1996 and initiated decommissioning operations in 1998, subject to authority of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). NRC authority brought the project under the purview of federal acts and regulation protecting significant cultural resources from adverse project effects. 1 This documentation was requested by the Connecticut State Historic Preservation Office to preclude the possibility of any adverse project effects.

1 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (PL 89-655), the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (PL 91-190), the Archaeological and Historical Preservation Act (PL 93-291), Executive Order 11593, Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties (36 CFR Part 800).

HADDAM NECK NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 115 kV SWITCHY ARD (Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, 115 kV Switchyard)

HAERNo. CT-185-P (Page 2)

Project Manager and Historian Michael S. Raber Raber Associates 81 Dayton Road, P.O. Box 46 South Glastonbury, CT 06073 860/633-9026

Steam and Electric Power Historian Gerald Weinstein 40 West 77th Street, Apt. 17b New York, NY 10024 212/431-6100

Industrial Archaeologist Robert C. Stewart Historical Technologies 1230 Copper Hill Road West Suffield, CT 06093 860/668-2928


HAER No. CT-185-P (Page 3)

115 kV Switchyard - Description and Function

The 115 kV System at the Haddam Neck Nuclear Power Plant was an outside source of electrical power for all the important plant auxiliaries during start-up and shut-down, while supplying the four main reactor coolant pumps during normal operations. l The 115 kV switch yard was the primary source of on site station service through lines 1206 and 1772. Most contemporary fossil-fueled plants supplied all their own auxiliary power. The feed water pumps, firing devices, and stack draft fans of coal- and oil-fired stations were driven by electric motors, steam turbines, or a combination of both. Electric power could be tapped from the main generators or station service turbo-generators and could be supplied by diesel generators during startup. Feed pumps could be driven directly by main turbines or by auxiliary steam turbines that could be fed by auxiliary boilers when the plants were starting from cold. 2 The choices were heavily influenced by the Heat Power Balance the designers wished to achieve. At Connecticut Yankee all the major pumps were run by 4160V-electric lTIotors except a portion of the Auxiliary Feed water System. The reactor coolant pumps and steam generator feed pumps alone required 25,000 hp for operation, far more than any backup diesel system could supply. Plant designers may have seen little advantage in installing auxiliary boilers to power turbine-driven auxiliaries in a plant without large fossil fuel input. Only the Northeast Utilities grid could supply the power to run all the critical pumps that had to operate during start-up and shut-down, and many of the pumps required during power run. Off-site power for those pumps insured that they would continue to operate even if steam production stopped and the main generator was tripped. 3

To ensure continuity of power, two separate feeder lines from the Middletown, Haddam and Montville substations entered the 115 kV Switchyard, immediately east of the containment building. Current was controlled by automatic compressed-air-powered oil circuit breakers before entering two (#389 and #399) Westinghouse "Interaire" transformers which utilized nitrogen gas to reduce oxidation of the cooling/insulating oil. 4 The heated oil was cooled in attached radiators via convection supplemented by cooling fans. The voltage was stepped down to 4160 volts and fed though additional control switches to feed six buses. b Two buses fed the reactor coolant pumps during start-up and shut-down. When the main generator was synchronized with the grid, the power was transferred to the #309 transformer wired directly to the main generator. If the generator output tripped out, two of the reactor coolant pumps would have their supplies automatically switched back to the 115 kV System for controlled cool-down of the reactor. Additional transformers in the 115 kV Switchyard further reduced voltage to 480 volts for distribution to Motor Control Centers (MCC) in switchgear facilities

b Bus, busses was short for bus bars: solid copper bar conductors used to transmit current from generators to switchboards and out to transmission lines. Derivation from Omnibus is unclear (Oxford English Dictionary 1989: 2, 188)


HAER No. CT-185-P (Page 4)

which powered smaller motors throughout the plant. Lighting for the plant was stepped down from the 480V system to 120 or 208 volts.

It was essential that equipment could trip out during malfunctions and accidents in an orderly way. AC equipment requiring absolute control reliability was powered by banks of batteries in the switchgear rooms feeding inverters which turned the DC output to AC. 5 Components of less importance were supplied by the semi-vital bus from AC lines backed up by emergency diesel generators.

SOURCES OF INFORMA TIONIBIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Engineering Drawings Drawings are archived as part of the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company, Haddam Neck Plant Records Collection, Archives & Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.

Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company/Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. 1969-1993 Equipment Arrangement - 115 KV Switchyard. No. 16103-33004. Reproduced as Drawing HAER No. CT- 185-P-l.

B. Historic Views A limited number of photographs showing HAER No. CT-185-C are archived as part of the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company, Haddam Neck Plant Records Collection, Archives & Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.

C. Bibliography Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company and Northeast Utilities sources are archived as part of the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company, Haddam Neck Plant Records Collection, Archives & Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.

Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company (CY APCO) 1966-1974 Facility Description and Safety Analysis (FDSA) Vol. 1. Topical

Report No. NYO-3250-5. Neck Plant, Haddam, Connecticut.

1987-1993 Connecticut Yankee Plant Information Book. 15 vols.

HADDAM NECK NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, lIS kV SWITCHY ARD (Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, lIS kV Switchyard)

HAER No. CT-18S-P (Page S)

Dunham, R. H., Durfee, C. D., and Lewis, R. R. 1966 Design Concept of TVA's Paradise Steam Plant IIS0-MW Unit NO.3.

Proceedings of the American Power Conference. 28: 318-348. Chicago: Illinois Institute of Technology. Technology Center.

Jonelis, R. E. and Scheibel, R. F. 1966 Kincaid Station Reservoir Development and Plant Design Features.

Proceedings of the American Power Conference. 28: 370-382. Chicago: Illinois Institute of Technology. Technology Center.

Tylinski, Gary (CY APCO plant electrical engineer) 2006 Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Plant. Personal electronic communications.

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NOTES:

HADDAM NECK NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 115 kV SWITCHYARD (Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, 115 kV Switchyard)

HAER No. CT-185-P ()

Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company. 1966-1974: 9.3-1.

r) Dunhan, Durfee, and Lewis 1966: 330., Jonelis and Scheibel 1966: 379.

Tylinski 2006: personal communication.

4 Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company 1987-1993: Chapter 63, page 26.

5 Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company 1966-1974: 9.4-4

JChristianson

Cross-Out

JChristianson

Text Box

7

WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA

HAER CT-185-PHAER CT-185-P

ADDENDUM TO:HADDAM NECK NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 115-KV BUILDING(Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, 115-kV Switchyard)362 Injun Hollow RoadHaddamMiddlesex CountyConnecticut

HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORDNational Park Service

U.S. Department of the Interior1849 C Street NW

Washington, DC 20240-0001

ADDENDUM TO HADDAM NECK NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 115 kV SWITCHYARD

(Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, 115 kV Switchyard) HAER No. CT-185-P

(Page 8)

HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD HADDAM NECK NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 115 kV SWITCHYARD

(Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant, 115 Kv Switchyard)

This report is an addendum to a 7-page report previously transmitted to the Library of Congress in 2010.

Location: 362 Injun Hollow Road HaddamMiddlesex County Connecticut

U.S. Geological Survey Haddam & Deep River Quadrangles UTM Coordinates 18.708748.4595057

Dates of Construction: 1964-1966

Engineers: Westinghouse Electric Company

Present Owners: Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company (CYAPCO) 362 Injun Hollow Road Haddam Neck CT 06424-3022

Present Use: Demolished

Significance: The Haddam Neck Nuclear Power Plant was one of the earliest commercial-scale nuclear power stations in the United States, and was eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. The 115 kV Switchyard received power from three Northeast Utilities substations to run major plant auxiliaries during start-up and shut-down, and to run the reactor coolant pumps during normal operations.

Project Information: CYAPCO ceased electrical generation at the Haddam Neck plant in 1996 and initiated decommissioning operations in 1998, subject to authority of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). NRC authority brought the project under the purview of federal acts and regulation protecting significant cultural resources from adverse project effects.i This documentation was requested by the Connecticut State Historic Preservation Office to preclude the possibility of any adverse project effects.

i National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (PL 89-655), the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (PL 91-190), the Archaeological and Historical Preservation Act (PL 93-291), Executive Order 11593, Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties (36 CFR Part 800).



(Page 9)

Project Manager and Historian Michael S. Raber Raber Associates 81 Dayton Road, P.O. Box 46 South Glastonbury, CT 06073 860/633-9026

Nuclear, Steam and Electric Power Historian Gerald Weinstein 40 West 77th Street, Apt. 17b New York, NY 10024 212/431-6100

Industrial Archaeologist Robert C. Stewart Historical Technologies 1230 Copper Hill Road West Suffield, CT 06093 860/668-2928



(Page 10)

115 kV Switchyard - Description and Function

The 115 kV System at the Haddam Neck Nuclear Power Plant was an outside source of electrical power for all the important plant auxiliaries during start-up and shut-down, while supplying the four main reactor coolant pumps during normal operations.1 The 115 kV Switchyard was the primary source of on- site station service through incoming lines #1206 and #1772. Most contemporary fossil-fueled plants supplied all their own auxiliary power. The feed water pumps, firing devices, and stack draft fans of coal- and oil-fired stations were driven by electric motors, steam turbines, or a combination of both. Electric power could be tapped from the main generators or station service turbo-generators and could be supplied by diesel generators during startup. Feed pumps could be driven directly by main turbines or by auxiliary steam turbines that could be fed by auxiliary boilers when the plants were starting from cold.2 The choices were heavily influenced by the Heat Power Balance the designers wished to achieve. At Connecticut Yankee all the major pumps were run by 4160V-electric motors except a portion of the Auxiliary Feed water System. The reactor coolant pumps and steam generator feed pumps alone required 25,000 hp for operation, far more than any back-up diesel system could supply. Plant designers may have seen little advantage in installing large enough auxiliary boilers to power turbine-driven auxiliaries in a plant without large fossil fuel input. Only the Northeast Utilities grid could supply the power to run all the critical pumps that had to operate during start-up and shut-down, and many of the pumps required during power run. Off-site power for those pumps insured that they would continue to operate even if steam production stopped and the main generator was tripped.3

To ensure continuity of power, two separate feeder lines from the Middletown, Haddam and Montville substations entered the 115 kV Switchyard, immediately east of the containment building. Current was controlled by automatic compressed-air-powered oil circuit breakers before entering two (#389 and #399) Westinghouse “Interaire” transformers which utilized nitrogen gas to reduce oxidation of the cooling/insulating oil.4 The heated oil was cooled in attached radiators via convection supplemented by cooling fans. The voltage was stepped down to 4160 volts and fed though additional control switches to feed six buses.ii Two buses fed the reactor coolant pumps during start-up and shut-down. When the main generator was synchronized with the grid, the power was transferred to the #309 transformer wired directly to the main generator. If the generator output tripped out, two of the reactor coolant pumps would have its supply automatically switched back to the 115 kV System for controlled cool-down of the reactor. Additional transformers in the 115 kV Switchyard further reduced voltage to 480 volts for distribution to Motor Control Centers (MCC) in switchgear facilities which powered smaller motors throughout the plant. Lighting for the plant was stepped down from the 480V system to 120 or 208 volts.

It was essential that equipment could trip out during malfunctions and accidents in an orderly way. AC equipment requiring absolute control reliability was powered by banks of batteries in the switchgear rooms feeding inverters which turned the DC output to AC.5 Components of less importance were supplied by the semi-vital bus from AC lines backed up by emergency diesel generators.

ii Bus, busses was short for bus bars: solid copper bar conductors used to transmit current from generators to switchboards and out to transmission lines. Derivation from Omnibus is unclear (Oxford English Dictionary 1989: 2, 188)



(Page 11)

NOTES:

1 Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company. 1966-1974: 9.3-1.

2 Dunhan, Durfee, and Lewis 1966: 330., Jonelis and Scheibel 1966: 379.

3 Tylinski 2006: personal communication.

4 Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company 1987-1995: Chapter 63, page 26.

5 Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company 1966-1974: 9.4-4



(Page 12)

SOURCES OF INFORMATION/BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Engineering Drawings

Drawings are archived as part of the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company, Haddam Neck Plant Records Collection, Series I, Archives & Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.

Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company/Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. 1969-1993 Equipment Arrangement - 115 KV Switchyard. No. 16103-33004. Reproduced as

Drawing HAER No. CT- 185-P-1.

B. Historic Views

A limited number of photographs showing HAER No. CT-185-P are archived as part of the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company, Haddam Neck Plant Records Collection, Series VI, Archives & Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.

Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company n.d.a [roughly chronological color photographs of plant construction and site views, 1964-

1999] on archival CD with file name Haddam Neck Construction.pdf

C. Bibliography and Personal Communications

Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company and Northeast Utilities sources are archived as part of the Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company, Haddam Neck Plant Records Collection, Archives & Special Collections, Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries.

Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company (CYAPCO) 1966-1974 Facility Description and Safety Analysis (FDSA) Vol. 1. Topical Report No. NYO-3250-

5. Neck Plant, Haddam, Connecticut.

1987-1995 Connecticut Yankee Plant Information Book. 15 vols.

Dunham, R. H., Durfee, C. D., and Lewis, R. R. 1966 Design Concept of TVA’s Paradise Steam Plant 1150-MW Unit NO. 3. Proceedings of

the American Power Conference. 28: 318-348. Chicago: Illinois Institute of Technology. Technology Center.

Jonelis, R. E. and Scheibel, R. F. 1966 Kincaid Station Reservoir Development and Plant Design Features. Proceedings of the

American Power Conference. 28: 370-382. Chicago: Illinois Institute of Technology. Technology Center.

Tylinski, Gary (CYAPCO plant electrical engineer) 2006 Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Plant. Personal electronic communications to Gerald

Weinstein.



(Page 13)

Figure 1. 115 KV SWITCHYARD LOCATION AT MAIN PLANT AREA Source: Stone & Webster Drawing No. 10899-FY-1N



(Page 14)

Figure 2. 1972 VIEW WEST INCLUDING 115 kV SWITCHYARD (RIGHT CENTER FOREGROUND), REACTOR CONTAINMENT (RIGHT CENTER), TURBINE BUILDING (LEFT),

AND SERVICE BUILDING (CENTER). SOURCE: Source: Connecticut Yankee Atomic Power Company n.d.a [historic views]-Photo No. 250

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