histology componente of cytoplasme. definition of histology and histopathology histology is :...
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Histology
Componente of cytoplasme
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Definition of histology and histopathology
• Histology is : Studding of normal structures or normal
tissues .• Histopathology is : Studding of abnormal structures or abnormal
tissues (disease) tissues
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Types of the tisseus
• Cells work together in functionally related groups called tissues
• Types of tissues:1. Epithelial – lining and covering2. Connective – support 3. Muscle – movement4. Nervous – control
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Definition of the eukaryotic cell
• Eukaryote : mean group of organisms whose cells have defined nucleus surrounded by nucleus membrane
• So the cell its real cell content real nucleus or defined nucleus
• In general the cell it’s the functional unite of the body .
• In contrast of prokaryote cell
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Component of the cell
• Each real cell consiste of two main structures• Cytoplasm• Nucleus• Each real cell surrounded by lipid membrane
called plasma membrane or plasmalema (pm)
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Componente of cytoplasme
Content the following organeles and inclusion :
• Plasma membrane• Mitochondria• Ruogh endoplasmic
reticulum• Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum• Golgi apparatus• phagocytosis
• Lysosomes • centrosome• Cellular pigments• Glycogen• Lipid• Cytoskeleton• Microfliments• Intermediate filiments
and microtubules
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Plasma Membrane
composed of : double layer phospholipids, cholesterol,
proteins, and chains of oligosaccharides covalently linked to phospholipids and protein molecules.
functions as a selective barrier that regulates the passage of certain materials into and out of the cell and facilitates the transport of specific molecules.
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Plasma Membrane
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Function of mitochondrium
• Each Mitochondrium is bounded by two membranes:
1 - smooth outer one,2- and an inner one which
is thrown into folds called cristae.
• The mitochondrium provides the energy for the cell .
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Function Rough-endoplasmic reticulum - rER
• The outer membrane of the rER is studded with ribosomes.
• The rER plays a major role in protein synthesis.
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Function Smooth-endoplasmic reticulum
• The lining of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is smooth .
• has no ribosomes.• has branched tubules.• It plays a major role in
lipid biosynthesis (makes lipids and steroids)
• and in detoxification mechanisms.
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Function of Golgi-apparatus
• is usually found close to the cell nucleus and consists of one or more stacks of membrane-bound cisternae (sacs).
• The Golgi receives synthetic products from the ER, modifies them, and exports them to a variety of destinations.
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• It also produces enzymes that are sorted into lysosomes, to degrade proteins and organelles. It also plays a role in retrieving and recycling proteins.
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Function of Lysosomes
• Primary lysosomes are produced by the Golgi apparatus.
• Lysosomes fuse with the organelles to form secondary lysosomes.
• They contain around 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes,
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• phagocytosis and require digesting, or organelles that require degrading
• Lysosomes are important for breaking down proteins.
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Cytoskeleton
• Cells have three types of filaments
1- microfilaments - actin filaments (red in the diagram)
2- intermediate filaments (blue in the diagram)
3- microtubules (green in the diagram).
Collectively, these are known as the cytoskeleton.
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Functions of Cytoskeleton
• are important in cell shape and cell motility.
• also important in mitosis, and are important constitutents of cilia
• Also in cell – cell junction
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Method of visulization
• To study cells, biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry
• Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells that are too small with the naked eye
• Light microscopes (LM.s)– Pass visible light through a specimen– Magnify cellular structures with lenses
• Electron microscopes (EM.s)– Focus a beam of electrons through a specimen (TEM) or
onto its surface (SEM)
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THE END
Thank you