histograms in excel 2010/2013 the university of akron · excel uses the histogram analysis tool to...
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Histograms in Excel 2010/2013 The University of Akron
Ver. 2014.12.15 Page 1 [email protected] These materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of
The University of Akron.
Table of Contents TASK 1: DATA ANALYSIS TOOLPAK ......................................................................................................................... 2
TASK 2: HISTOGRAMS ............................................................................................................................................ 5
TASK 3: ENTER MIDPOINT FORMULAS ................................................................................................................. 11
TASK 4: ADD TOTAL LABEL AND FORMULA FOR FREQUENCY ............................................................................... 12
TASK 5: MODIFICATIONS TO THE HISTOGRAM ..................................................................................................... 13
REMOVE THE MORE DATA COLUMN ................................................................................................................................ 13 SELECT CATEGORY LABELS FOR THE X-AXIS ........................................................................................................................ 15 REMOVE THE SPACES BETWEEN THE COLUMNS .................................................................................................................. 17 CREATE A BLACK BORDER ON COLUMNS ........................................................................................................................... 19 MODIFY TITLES ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
TASK 6: DELETE THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND HISTOGRAM ..................................................................... 21
COMPLETED PROJECT .......................................................................................................................................... 22
These instructions are written for Excel 2013 with notes about the differences encountered in Excel 2010.
Histograms in Excel 2010/2013 The University of Akron
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Overview In this project, you will:
• Check to see if the Analysis ToolPak is installed in Excel on your PC and install it if necessary.
• Calculate frequencies and create a Histogram chart from data that represents the age of past Presidents.
• Modify the worksheet and Histogram.
Excel uses the Histogram analysis tool to calculate the frequencies and create the Histogram. In this project, the Histogram is modified to display in a more traditional manner.
Histograms in Excel 2010/2013 The University of Akron
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Task 1: Data Analysis ToolPak Review the Data tab of the Ribbon. The Data Analysis tool is needed for these lessons.
If the Data Analysis tool is not displayed on the Data tab of the Ribbon, the Analysis ToolPak is not installed. Follow these instructions to install it.
1. Select File.
2. Select Options.
3. Select Add-Ins.
The Add-Ins options display.
4. In the Add-Ins box, click once to select Analysis ToolPak.
5. In the Manage list box, select Excel Add-ins, if necessary.
Histograms in Excel 2010/2013 The University of Akron
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6. Click on Go. The Add-Ins dialog box displays.
7. Mark the checkbox for Analysis ToolPak and click on OK.
The Analysis ToolPak is installed. The Data Analysis tool is available on the Data tab of the Ribbon.
Histograms in Excel 2010/2013 The University of Akron
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Task 2: Histograms A Histogram, or distribution chart, is a column chart that displays frequency data. It displays how many data points fall within set ranges referred to as classes or bins.
In Excel, the Histogram command generates data for the number of occurrences of a value (frequency) in a data set. From the summary of the frequency data, Excel creates a Histogram. The Histogram is created from the summary data, not from the raw data.
The Analysis ToolPak must be installed in order to access the Data Analysis tool on the Data tab of Excel’s Ribbon.
If you prefer not to type the data, the data file, Excel Data Workbook-Histograms, is available for downloading at http://www.uakron.edu/training/office-2013.dot .
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1. Organize the raw data and the classes in columns on a worksheet. At this writing, the Excel Data Workbook-Histograms can be downloaded from http://www.uakron.edu/training/office-2013.dot . Open it on your computer and save it.
• One column: This is the raw data. Raw data are the values that will be analyzed by the histogram tool.
• Second and third columns: These contain the classes. Class limits are the numeric intervals the Histogram tool will use for measuring the input data in the data analysis.
In this example, the data is setup as:
Notes:
This project requires that the class low limits and class upper limits be entered. However, Excel only needs and uses the class upper limits.
If class limits are not entered, Excel creates a set of evenly distributed classes between the minimum and maximum values of the raw data.
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2. On the Data tab of the Ribbon, select the Data Analysis tool on the right side of the tab.
The Data Analysis dialog box displays.
3. Select Histogram and click on OK.
The Histogram dialog box displays.
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4. Enter the Input information to create the Histogram.
• Input Range: Enter or use the mouse to select the range of cells that contain the raw data. Include the label for the column. The input range in this example is A2:A46 .
• Bin Range: Enter or use the mouse to select the range of cells that
contain the Class upper limits, plus include the blank cell below the last Class upper limit. In this example, the class (bin) range is C2:cC9 . (The blank cell is used by Excel to count the frequency of data that does not fall within the class ranges.)
• Labels: Mark the box for Labels, if the data has labels. 5
Notes: In Excel, a range of cells is a group of cells that touch one another and form a rectangle of cells. A range is named for the first cell in the upper left corner of the rectangle through the last cell in the lower right corner of the rectangle. The semicolon means “through.” The data range in this example is A2:A46 . It is read “A2 through A46.”
If you select the range of cells with the mouse, Excel uses absolute cell referencing and the cell range is entered as $A$2:$A$46. The dollar signs indicate that the column and row of the cell’s reference cannot be modified if the reference is copied or auto-filled to other cells.
Excel ignores case in cell references. A2 and a2 are the same to Excel.
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5. Select Output options. • In the group of options with radio buttons, select where the Frequency
data and Histogram are to display. In this example, select Output Range and enter cell F2.
• Mark the box for Chart Output.
6. Click on OK. The Frequency data displays and a Histogram is created.
The More frequency data is the count of the input data points that are not counted in the classes. Note: Excel has calculated the frequencies and the Histogram. For this project, you will modify the presentation of the data, enter formulas, and modify the Histogram to a traditional display.
7. Increase the width of column F. • Place the mouse pointer in the column headers on the border
between F and G. The mouse pointer is a double-headed arrow.
• Double click.
8. Copy the content of cells B2:B8 to cells E2:E8.
9. Increase the width of column E, as necessary.
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10. To remove formatting from cells F2:G2:
Select the cells.
On the Home tab of the Ribbon, click on Clear > Clear Formats.
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Task 3: Enter Midpoint Formulas
1. Click in cell H2 and enter the label Midpoint.
2. In cell H3, enter the formula =(e3+f3)/2 . All Excel formulas begin with an equals sign.
3. Press the ENTER key to complete the formula entry.
4. Use AutoFill to copy the formulas to cells H4:H8. Select cell H3. Place the mouse pointer on the AutoFill box, which is a small black rectangle in the lower right corner of the cell. The mouse pointer displays as a thin, black cross.
5. Drag down to cell H8 to copy the formula.
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Task 4: Add Total Label and Formula for Frequency
1. Clear the formats and data from cells F9:G9.
• Select the cells. • On the Home tab of the Ribbon, click on Clear > Clear All.
2. In cell F9, enter the label Total.
3. In cell G9, enter the formula to sum the Frequencies.
• Select cell G9. • On the Home tab of the Ribbon, click on the AutoSum tool.
• Press the ENTER key.
The formula =SUM(G3:G9) is entered. Note: At the down arrow of the AutoSum tool, there are additional functions that are used frequently.
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Task 5: Modifications to the Histogram The following instructions are suggestions for changing the chart elements of the Histogram. Remove the Total Data Column
1. Click once on the border of the Histogram to select the entire chart. When the entire chart is selected, small circles or squares display on its borders.
2. On the Chart Tools – Design tab of the Ribbon, click on the Select Data tool.
The Select Data Source dialog box displays.
3. Unmark the checkbox that does not have a label or has the More or Total label.
For Excel 2010, see step 5.
Total
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4. Click on OK. The Total data no longer displays on the chart.
5. If you are using Excel 2010, complete steps 1 and 2 on the previous page. Then, follow these steps to remove what was the More data from the Histogram.
• Click on the Edit button above the category axis labels. • Select cells F3:F8 on the worksheet. • Click OK. • Under Legend Entries (Series): - Click on the Edit button to change the data range. - Delete the range entry for series value. - Enter =G3:G8 as the series value range. - Click on OK twice.
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Select Category Labels for the X-Axis
1. Click on the border of the Histogram to select the Chart.
2. On the Design tab of the Ribbon, click on Select Data.
3. In the Select Data dialog box, click on the Edit button for the Category Axis Labels.
4. Use the mouse to select the range for the Midpoint data, H3:H8.
5. Click on OK twice.
The Midpoint labels are on the X-axis.
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6. To modify the tick marks on the X-axis:
• Double click on one of the Midpoint labels on the chart to select the label and display the Format Axis task pane.
• Select the Chart icon. • Select Tick marks. • Make the following selections.
• The tick marks are modified to include tick marks at midpoints.
If you are using Excel 2010, see step 7 to modify the tick marks.
7. To modify the tick marks in Excel 2010,
• Double click on one of the Midpoint labels on the chart to select the label and display the Format Axis dialog box.
• Select Axis Options in the left column. • Select the following:
• Click on Close.
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Remove the Spaces between the Columns
1. Click once on one of the columns.
All the columns are selected.
2. On the Chart Tools – Format tab, click on the Format Selection tool.
The Format Data Series task pane displays.
In Excel 2010, the Format Data Series dialog box displays.
3. If the task pane does not show the Series Options, as shown above, click on
the Series tool. In Excel 2010, click on Series Options in the left column.
4. In the Gap Width box, delete the percentage displayed and type 0 (zero).
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5. Press the ENTER key on the keyboard.
In Excel 2010, click on Close.
The gaps between the columns are removed.
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Create a Black Border on Columns
1. Click once on one of the columns.
All the columns are selected.
2. On the Chart Tools – Format tab, click on the Format Selection tool.
The Format Data Series task pane displays.
In Excel 2010, the Format Data Series dialog box displays.
3. If the task pane does not show the Series Options, as shown above, click on
the Fill & Line tool.
In Excel 2010, click on Border Color in the left column.
4. Select Border and Solid line. In Excel 2010, select Solid line.
5. Select Color and the Black rectangle. In Excel 2010, select Black from the Color tool and then click on Close. The columns of the chart have black borders.
6. Close the task pane with its X.
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Modify Titles
1. Click once on the Histogram title to select it.
Click a second time to place the cursor in the text.
2. Delete the existing text (Histogram) and enter the new title. In this example, Frequency: Number of Presidents in Each Class is entered.
3. Click on another area of the Histogram to complete the change.
4. Follow the same steps to change the X-axis title to read Class Midpoints.
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Task 6: Delete the Frequency Distribution and Histogram If you would like to start over and recreate the Frequency distribution and the Histogram, follow these instructions.
1. Select the frequency data calculated by Excel and the labels. In this example, the range of data is F2:G8.
2. On the Home tab of the Ribbon, select the Clear tool , then, Clear All. The Frequency data is deleted and the Histogram columns are cleared.
3. Click once on the border of the Histogram to select it.
4. Press the DELETE key on the keyboard.
The Histogram is deleted.
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Completed Project