histogram, fre.curve & ogive-4aug11
TRANSCRIPT
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Check Sheet
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 2
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Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 33175-180
6170-175
17165-170
19160-165
12155-160
3150-155
Frequencyrange
Histogram & Frequency Curve
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Histogram- Shows frequency ofsome parameter.
Frequency means quantity or Numbers of
Parameter ---Score.
(Historical Data)
Take suitable scale on x & y axisDepending upon space available.Square look
Strips(Intervals, classes) 5
Width = distance Along x axis.= 20 for each strip
Range
4
9
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 6Friday, August 05, 2011 Prof.D.M.Apte 6
Imp.terms- 1) No. of intervals or classes or strips, .122) Interval width ..5
Is it having
square look?
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Make Graphical Summary of Data
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 93175-180
6170-175
17165-170
19160-165
12155-160
3150-155
FrequencyStrip range
(Exclusive)
Drawing a Histogram.
4) Make a
Frequency sheet.
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Histogram WithA smooth curve drawn by joining
the top mid points of strips. This
curve is called-
Frequency curve
If the points are joined by straight
line, then its called
Frequency Polygon
Histogram or Frequency curve
shows Distribution of frequency
These tools summarize the
Data Sets graphically for betterunderstanding.
Square look5) Draw the Histogram
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 12
Exercise-1
From the Summarized Graphical Dataset (Histogram), Determine..
How many students achieved the marks below 50 ?A scholarship is given for the students achieving the Target of 60 (or above)Marks. How many students achieve this?
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A-Most of the data are ontarget, with very littlevariation from it.
B-Although some data are ontarget, many others aredispersedaway from thetarget.
C-Even when most of thedata are close together, theyare located off the target by asignificant amount.
D-The data are off target andwidely dispersed.
Histogram
shapes
& comments
Target means the
Desired Value
(on X axis)
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 14Friday, August 05, 2011 Prof.D.M.Apte 14
This pattern may beobserved if data fromseveral sources aremixed or differentmeasurementdevices are used.
Histogram
shapes
& comments
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Uses of Histogram
Histogram is used in-
H.R.
Manufacturing- Summarize the Part dimensions
Marketing- Summarize the sales data.
Sports- Summarize the Points, Marks etc.
And many other areas
Friday, August 05, 2011 Dhananjay,98231 90939Prof.D.M.Apte 16Friday, August 05, 2011 Prof.D.M.Apte 16
Specification limits may take the form of
length, weight, density, quantity of materials to be
delivered, or whatever is important for the
product of a given process.
Compare process results with specification limits- A Gun firing hits can becompared with the desired limits and the Target.
A Use of Histogram
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A Use of Histogram
Use a tool to assist in knowing the dispersion.
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Identify the cause of problems in a processby the shape as well as the width of thedistribution.
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Stratification
Stratification is simply the creation of a set of charts
for the same data, using different possible causative
factors.
Friday, August 05, 2011 Prof.D.M.Apte 18
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EXERCISES
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Prepare Histogram for following data
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Solution preparation
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Ogive(Cumulative Frequency Curve)
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Cumulative Frequency (CF)
Curve
(Ogive)
Exclusive
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Exercise(Ogive)
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Bar Chart
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Econ.
10%
Mgmt.
25%
Acct.
65%
Pie Chart
1. Shows Breakdown
of Total Quantity
into Categories
2. Useful for Showing
Relative Differences
3. Angle Size
(360)(Percent)
Majors
(360) (10%) = 36
36
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Doing ParetoAnalysis
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Pareto Diagram
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0%
33%
67%
100%
Acct. Mgmt. Econ.
Pareto Diagram
Percent
Major
Descending
Order
CumulativePolygon (Ogive)
Equal BarWidths
Vertical
Bar Chart
Bar Midpoint
Always %