hist2 5 the formation of philippine colonial society, 1565-1762-a
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Philippine HistoryTRANSCRIPT
The Formation of Philippine Colonial Society, 1565-1762
Philippine History with Politics ad Governance
Factors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines
• Renaissance• Humanism
• Discovery and invention of new navigational
instruments
• Early Travels to the East• Early Portuguese and
Spanish voyages• Improvements in military
and in ship-building technology
• Crusades• Fall of Constantinople
(1453)• The reconquista and
desire to spread Catholicism
• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
• Leadership of Prince Henry the
Navigator of Portugal
• Accumulation of capital and the development of banking in Europe
• Desire for spices• Search for new routes by
Spain and Portugal
Economic
Political and
religious
Scientific and
Secular Pursuits
Other factors
EconomicFactors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines
Accumulation of capital and the development of banking in EuropeRise of lending
houses (e.g. House of Fugger in Germany and House of Medici)
Ensuing for more trade beyond Western Europe
Desire for spicesSpices were in demand in the WestExposure to food and spices grown in the
East changed the Westerner’s taste preferences
A major motivation for Portuguese and Spanish expeditions to the East
Search for new routesTrade with the East was carried through 3
principal trade (silk) routes which are dangerous to men and goods, and entailed much time, money and effort
After the fall of Constantinople (1453) to the Muslims, routes were closed to Europe. Only the Venetians were allowed to use to southern route
Based on geographical location, Spain and Portugal found it easier to meet the challenges of maritime expansion
Search for new trade route was accompanied by strong missionary purpose
Political and Religious ConcernsFactors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines
Crusades (1096-1272)Defined as a religious
adventure to regain the Holy Land from the MuslimsBrought Europeans
closer with the superior and sophisticated civilizations in the East
Stimulated not only interest in Oriental culture but also demand for its goods and products
Fall of ConstantinopleOn May 29, 1453, the
city of Constantinople fell into the hands of Sultan Mohammed II and his Ottoman warriors
Trade routes were blocked. Discovery of new routes to Asia was an imperative necessity
Before the Fall of Constantinople in 1453
Fall of Constantinople
The reconquista and desire to spread CatholicismReconquista – the movement to destroy the
Muslim power in the Iberian Peninsula, ended with the capture of Granada in 1492
It manifested in the attempts of Spain and Portugal to colonize and convert pagan and Islamic lands to Catholicism
Treaty of TordesillasDivided the non-Christian lands into two
spheres: one for Spain (West) and the other for Portugal (East)
A demarcation line was drawn 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands.
Led Magellan to sail westward
Leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal
Inspired maritime exploration of the 15th century
Gathered best sailors and geographers of Europe
Established an observatory and a nautical school
Sent out expedition after expedition to uncharted waters of the African coast
Scientific and Secular PursuitsFactors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines
Renaissance Means “revival of learning”Puts emphasis on scientific, secular, and artistic
pursuits rather than religious. Advances the following
Aristotle’s theory of the sphericity
of the Earth
Compilation of a 17-volume
geography of the world by Strabo
Renowned work on geography by Ptolemy (150 AD)
Infusion of greater emphasis on geographical science by such
works
HumanismDominant in
16th century, it eroded the binding power of religion and stressed the development of mind and heart, rather than the soul
The discovery and invention of more technologically-advanced navigational instruments
Mariner’s
compass
Astolabe
Portolani
Quadrant
Sextant
Other factorsFactors that Led to the Spanish Colonization of the Philippines
Early travels to the EastTravels of Franciscan fathers
from 13th century to early 14th century and others to the east inflamed European interest in the Orient and its fabled treasures
Travel of Ibn Batuta (1304-1378), Sheik of Morocco, through India, Malaysia, and China from 1325 to 1353
The travels of Marco Polo in China and Southeast Asia
Marco Polo
Early Portuguese and Spanish VoyagesRounding Cape
of Blanco, Africa by Antonio
Gonzalvez (1441)
Discovery of Cape Verde Islands by
Dennis Fernandez
(1445)
Discovery of Cape of Good
Hope by Bartholomew Diaz (1487)
Discovery of America by Columbus
(1492)
Discovery of route going to
Calicut, India by Vasco de Gama
(1489)
Capture of Goa, India by
Albuquerque (1510)
Conquest of Moluccas and
Malay Peninsula by the
Portuguese
Missionary exploits by St. Francis Xavier in SEA, Japan,
& China
Discovery of Pacific Ocean
by Balboa (1511)
Improvements in military and in ship-building technologyEnabled European colonizers to colonize a
well-equipped military forceEasier to conquer the natives through the use
of firearms and cannonsEncouraged Europeans to organize more
expeditions to the east.
Thank you!