hilly land, rocky soil, and a jagged coastline. dense forests. summers were mild and the winters...
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•Hilly land, rocky soil, and a jagged coastline.
•Dense forests.
•Summers were mild and the winters were cold.
ReligionThe church helped shape every day life.
Lives were centered around religion, family duties and public work.
The Puritan work ethic helped colonists prosper.
GovernmentColonies had democratic systems of government.Town Hall Meetings were the center of New England politics.
Economy
Buy
Sell
Trade was vital to the economy.
Important industries were:
•Fishing
•Forestry and lumber
•Shipbuilding
Plymouth was established by Pilgrims, separatists from the Church of England, in 1620.
Plymouth Colony
The Mayflower Compact was writtenwhen colonists landed too far away from Virginia to be ruled by its government.
William Bradford was governor.
Massachusetts Bay ColonyThe colony was settled by Puritans
in 1630 who wanted to avoid
religious persecution.
John Winthrop was the colony’s governor.
The Great Migration brought 20,000settlers to Massachusetts.
Politics and religion were closely linked.
Colonists held town meetings, butonly male church members could vote.
New Hampshire
Some colonists settled north of Massachusetts.
The colony grew slowly.
The colony became known as New Hampshire.
Connecticut
Reverend Thomas Hooker and his followers left Massachusetts to establish Connecticut.
Reverend Hooker helped develop the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
This was a plan of government which gave more people the right to vote.
Rhode Island
Minister Roger Williams believed the Puritan church had too much power.
He was forced to leave Massachusetts.
Williams and his supporters formed a new colony called Rhode Island.
Williams supported:•Separation of church and state•Religious tolerance•Fair treatment of American Indians
•Fertile farmland
•Good climate to grow crops
•Called the “Breadbasket Colonies”
ReligionSettlers in the Middle Colonies protected religious freedom.
They were the most religiously tolerant of all colonies.Not one religious group dominated the region.
GovernmentMiddle Colonies had colonial assemblies.
Representatives were elected by the people.
Economy
Farms grew staple cropssuch as wheat, barley andoats.
Farmers also raised and soldlivestock such as cattle and pigs.
Rich deposits of iron ore resulted inthe ironworks industry becoming important.
Became known as the “Breadbasket Colonies.””
New York Dutch settlers founded the colony of New Netherland for the purpose of trading furs.
In 1664, the English took control and renamed the colony New York.
New Jersey
Land was given to Lord John Berkeleyand Sir George Carteret.
They named their colony New Jersey.
Pennsylvania
William Penn was granted a charter for a colony to protectthe Quakers who were suffering from religious persecution.
Quakers believed all people had an inner goodness and all men were equal.
Religious freedom was promised to all.
The colony of Pennsylvania was established in 1682.
Delaware
In land originally settled by Sweden, William Penn acquired this area south of Pennsylvania.
As the Lower Counties were settled, theyelected their own assembly.
Later they became the colony of Delaware.
Large area withAppalachian Mountains on western boundary and Atlantic Oceanon eastern boundary.
Climate and soil goodfor warm-weather crops.
Religion
The Anglican Church, or theChurch of England, was the dominate religion.
Maryland, however, was established for the Catholics to practice their religion.
Government
House of Burgesses was the first representative government in the colonies.
Southern colonies held colonial assemblies and decisions were usually made at the county level.
EconomyThe Southern economy dependedon agriculture.
Indentured Servants•Signed a contract to work 4 to 7 years for the people who paid their ship fare to America
•75% of early Virginia colonists were indentured servants
•Living conditions were poor
•After period of indenture were able to claim land
Slave Labor• First Africans sold in Virginia in 1619
• Virginia colonists turned to slave labor when demand for workers increased
• Living conditions were poor
• Were kept in lifelong slavery
Economy
Farmers grew cash crops, which are crops sold for profit, such as:
•Tobacco
•Rice
•Indigo
Virginia
First settlement was JamestownIn 1607.
Jamestown became successful afterJohn Rolfe introduced a mild variety oftobacco for export to England.
John Smith was governor of Virginia.
Capt. Smith helped the colony of Jamestown by making colonists plant food crops and buildsturdy housing.
Virginia
Maryland
Cecilius Calvert, known asLord Baltimore, was given acharter to start colony for arefuge for Catholics.
In 1634, 200 colonists formed the colony of Maryland.
Lord Baltimore passed the Toleration Acts of 1649. This was one of the first laws supporting religioustolerance passed in the English Colonies.
North and South Carolina
Founded in 1663, North and South Carolina were one colony.They were later separated.
North Carolina colonists were mostly poor tobacco farmers with smaller farms.
South Carolina had large plantations and depended on slave labor to raise rice and indigo.
Georgia
James Oglethorpe was granted a charter andestablished the colonyof Georgia in 1733.
Georgia was founded for poor English citizens. Some had been jailed for unpaid debts.