higher order pcm
DESCRIPTION
Higher Order PCM. HIGHER ORDER PCM SYSTEMS. CONCEPTS BIT INTERLEAVING BYTE INTERLEAVING PDH HEIRACHY PDH CONCEPTS THE DISADVANTAGE OF PDH. Pleslouronus Digital Multiplexing. 8/34. 2/8. 34/140. 140/620. First Order or primary order. Third Order . Fourth Order . Fifth Order . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Higher Order PCM
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HIGHER ORDER PCM SYSTEMS
• CONCEPTS• BIT INTERLEAVING• BYTE INTERLEAVING• PDH HEIRACHY• PDH CONCEPTS• THE DISADVANTAGE OF PDH
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Pleslouronus Digital Multiplexing
488 117 25 7 1.7
First Order or primary order
Second Order Third Order Fourth Order Fifth Order
2/8 8/34 34/140 140/620
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SYNCRONASE DIGITAL HEIRHACHICAL SYSTEMS
• SDH CONCEPTS• HOW CONTAINERS AND VIRTUAL CONTAINERS
ARE FORMED• PATH OVERHEAD AND POINTERS• ADVANTAGE OF SDH• HIGHER ORDER SDH SYSTEMS
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BASIC CONTAINERS C12,C3
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CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC CONTAINERS
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C4 CONTAINER
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BASIC COMPARISION OF PDH & SDH
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HOW PACKING THE CONTAINERS ACHIEVED
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BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE STM1
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BASIC SDH MAPPING
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Technological Evolution(Fill the blanks)
Multiplex Level Speed Period of the Pulse No: of voice channels
STM1
STM4
STM16
STM64
STM256
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Technological Evolution at a glance
Multiplex Level Speed Period of the Pulse No: of voice channels
STM1 155.52Mbps 6.4ns 1890
STM4 622.08Mbps 1.6ns 7560
STM16 2.5Gbps 400ps 30240
STM64 10Gbps 100ps 120960
STM256 40Gbps 25ps 483840
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HIGH RELIABILITY NETWORKS
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Optical Fibre
• An optical fibre consists of two parts the core and the cladding• The core is a narrow cylindrical strand of glass and the cladding
is a tubular jacket surrounding it• The core has a (slightly) higher refractive index than the claddingTherefore, total Reflection of light ncore > ncladding