high tunnel/cold frame gardening extending the growing season kevin heaton utah state university...
TRANSCRIPT
HIGH TUNNEL/COLD FRAMEGARDENING
Extending the growing season
Kevin Heaton
Utah State University Extension
Kane and Garfield Counties
...if it can be done in Panguitch... it will work anywhere!!!!
• Why High Tunnel/Cold Frame Gardening• Available Tunnel Options • Tunnel Research and
Demonstrations
Why High Tunnel/Cold Frame Gardening
• Utah’s cool, short growing seasons• Earliness offers price premiums• Improved climate management• Season extension expands production
window• Expanded opportunities for different crops
Some of the benefits
• Can cost as little as $0.50 per square foot
• Covered with a single layer of plastic• Tall enough to walk-in • Size: 14-30 feet wide 30-96 feet
long• Grow in ground beds• Erected on skids
• Passively ventilated• Generally not heated• Tunnels in tunnels give more protection• Production during fall, winter, early spring• Shaded in summer• Protect plants from wind and rain
How does it work? The original “greenhouse effect”
Planning and Construction
• Good sunlight• Wind Breaks
– Height, Density, Orientation, Length• Avoid shadows
– E-W = 20 ft– N-S = 5 ft
• Water source• Site Selection
• Wind Directions• Soil Issues• Water Quality• Access to other operations and buildings
Rib, Hoop, Arch, Bow
End Wall
Hip Board
Side Wall
Baseboard
Purlin , Ridgepole
Construction Issues
• Structural framing for support• Type/shape influences strength
– Metal/PVC ribs– Spacing of ribs
• Covering Materials– Plastic– Shade cloth– Other
• End walls - Access and Ventilation • Removable sections in summer• Fixed/roll-up walls • Fixed walls – winter• Roll-up walls - Vent
Wind Damage--Logan
Panguitch Cold Frame Demonstration
The Plan
• Planted Feb 20, 2006 and Mar 4, 2006– Lettuce, Mesclun, Turnips, Peas, Carrots,
Broccoli and Cabbage.– Twelve 55 gallon barrels filled with water– First harvest
(thinning): March 27• Plant May 15-20
– Warm Season Crops• Plant Oct 1-15
– Cool Season Crops
Average Temperatures
• Average Minimum– Outside 11 ° F – Inside 24 ° F – Difference 13 ° F
• Average Maximum– Outside 63 ° F – Inside 98 ° F – Difference 36 ° F – Highest Maximum Inside 120 ° F
At what temperature do plants freeze?
• Cool Season “Very Hardy”– Peas, Cabbage, Broccoli, Onions, Lettuce,
Radish, Turnips and Spinach– Germination 35-40° F, Survive 20 ° F
• Cool Season “Semi Hardy”– Beets, Carrots, Cauliflower, Parsley, Potatoes,
and Swiss Chard– Germination 40-45 ° F, Survive 25 ° F
At what temperature do plants freeze? (cont.)
• Warm Season “Tender”– Beans, Celery, Corn, Cucumbers, and
Summer Squash– Germination 50-55 ° F, Survive 28-32 ° F
• Warm Season “Very Tender”– Cantaloupe, Egg Plant, Pepper, Pumpkin,
Winter Squash, Tomato, and Watermelon– Germination 60 ° F, Survives 32 ° F
Temperature Data – Lowest Difference
Date Min-Out Min-In Difference
Mar 15 17.2 19.1 1.9
Mar 26 28 32 4
Feb 21 -5.1 -1 4.1
Feb 22 -1 5 6
Mar 4 26.8 33.6 6.8
Temperature Data – Lowest indoor
Date Min-Out Min-In Difference
Mar 13 -14.1 15 29.1
Mar 14 -8 16 24
Mar 15 17.2 19.1 1.9
Mar 16 4.5 22 17.5
Mar 23 12.2 22.6 10.4
Mar 13 – Min Temp 15 ° F
March 28, 2006
April 5, 2006
Warm Season Plants 2006
2007
• Planted January 27, 2007– Lettuce, Radish, Turnips, Peas, Carrots and Cilantro– First harvest: March 18, 2007
• Planted Feb 17, 2007– Radish, Turnips, Peas, Lettuce, Cilantro and Broccoli
• May 15-20– Warm Season Crops
• Plant September 1st– Cool Season Crops
Soil Temp Min/MaxSoil Temperature Min/Max
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Date
degr
ee F
Soil Temp Min Inside
Soil Temp Max Inside
Outside Soil Temp AVG
Soil vs Water TemperaturesSoil vs Water Temperature
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Date
Deg
ree
F
Soil Temp Min
Soil Temp Max
Water Temp Min
Water Temp Max
Air TemperatureAir Temperature
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Date
degr
ees
F
Inside Temp Min
Inside Temp Max
Outside Temp Max
Outside Temp Min
March 27, 2007
March 27, 2007
March 29, 2009
March 29, 2009
2013
Spinach--Planted 12/24/13
Planted inside the 2nd house
Planted inside the 3rd house w/frost blanket
Carrots – Planted 12/24/13
Planted inside the 2nd house
Planted inside the 3rd house w/frost blanket
The end!!!