high-capacity low-latency optical networks for 5g … focus 2017... · high-capacity low-latency...

High -Capacity Low -Latency Optical Networks for

5G Wireless

Xiang LiuSenior Director, Optical Access Research

Distinguished Scientist, Optical Transport Product Line

ECOC’17 Market Focus, Session “Optical network agility and Packet Optical transport 2 & Fibre Access” Wednesday 20th September, Sweden

2

Industry Trends & Challenges

Promising Architectures & Solutions

Contents

3

5G Standardization Progresses 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 20202017

RAN Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16Rel-13

5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2Previous TimelineGlobalLaunch

Aug. 2017

Non-Standalone

NR

Full IMT-2020NR

StandaloneNR

Accelerating Decision

CPRI CPRI 7.0 25GCPRI 7.0 25G eCPRI V1.0eCPRI V1.0

5G Comprises • NR(New Radio)• Evolution of LTE Advanced Pro

• NextGen (New Core Network )• Evolution of EPC

4

5G Providing a Super-Connected World

mMTCmassive Machine Type

Communications

uRLLCultra-Reliable and Low-Latency

Communications

Future IMT

10GbpseMBBenhanced Mobile Broadband

3D Video, UHD Screen

Work and play in the Cloud.

Augmented Reality

Industry Automation

Mission Critical Applications

Self driving car

Smart Home/Building

Smart City

ITU-R WP5D1million/km2 ms

AR/VR

V2XIoT

3 Use Category Cases

People’s Experience Driven Machine’s Connection Driven2 Drive Forces +

5

Operators Embracing the 5G Era

eMBB uRLLC mMTC

Leading Telcos

Time of Trial

HomeAccess

AR/VR

UHD Video

Other(Multi-

View,…)

Auto Driving

Smart Grid

Smart Industry

Other (Drone,…)

NB-IoT…

NTTDOCO

MO2020

DT 2019

VDF 2019

CMCC 2020

AT&T 2017Q4

Verizon 2017Q4

SKT 2018Q1

KT 2018Q1

5G Use Case for Business Trial

2017(eMBB)Phase 1.1

Non-StandaloneNR

• eMBB and low latency user plane• Aim to be commercialized in 2018/2019

2018(uRLLC)Phase 1.2

StandaloneNR

• All RAN functionality for standalone• Aim to be commercialized in 2019/2020

2019(ALL)Phase 2

Full IMT-2020NR

• Aim to address all identified usecases & requirements

5G Standardization Status in 3GPP

eMBB: Enhanced Mobile BroadbanduRLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low-LatencymMTC: Massive Machine Type Communication

6

• 5037x5707 Resolution• Up to 4.2Gbps needed

High -Bandwidth Requirement of 5G

Source: Cisco VNI Mobile

CAGR

53%

Mobile Data Traffic is Growing

•Live streaming makes everyone a broadcaster.

New Applications are Booming

Service Traffic Continues to Grow Rapidly N x 10Gbps level Backhaul Capacity Requirement

Bonn, Germany2016

73GHz73GHz1.8GHz

Bandwidth1.8GHz

BandwidthMU-MIMOMU-MIMO

7

Ultra-Low Latency Requirement of 5G

2000s ’ 2015s ’ 2020s ’ 2030s ’

2G/3G/4G Cellular

Intelligent Communication

Safe DrivingAutomated

Driving

Latency< 50ms

Latency< 20ms.Latency< 5ms

5G eV2X3GPP TR 22.886

4.5G V2X3GPP TR 23.785

Latency Breakdown: Service E2E Transport Network 2ms

eX2 Forwarding Latency For Higher Wireless Gain

<100us latency for 100% Gain<4ms latency for 40~80% Gain >8ms latency for 0% Gain (TBD)

CA/CoMP

Latency Requirements for 5G Use Case Latency Requirements for CA/CoMP

RAN - Non Real Time

Cache

MEC

AC

LBS

MCE

Softbank

1ms

Server/GW

1ms1ms 1ms 1ms CA: Carrier Aggregation

CoMP：Coordinated Multipoint Transmission/Reception

8

Accurate Synchronization Requirement of 5G

Scenario 4G servicesTiming

Requirement Impacts

4G

Basic FDD/TDD

service±0.05ppm

Inter-Basestation

Handover failure

Basic TDD

service < ±1.5usTDD cell closed if time

error exceeds 10us

4.5G Coordinated

features < ±1.5us Zero gain

Inter band non-contiguous Carrier Aggregation

Use case1: Among macro stations Use case2: Among macro stations and small cells

CA/CoMP/SFN have stricter requirements for synchronization

Three Types of Carrier Aggregation@5G

Scenario ServicesTiming

Requirement Impacts

5G Low

frequency(sub-6G)Basic 5G service < ±1us

Handover failure (low

frequency)

5G High

frequency(above-6G)Basic 5G service < ±500ns

Handover failure (high

frequency)

5G Low

frequency(sub-6G)

Coordinated

features < ±150ns Zero gain

9

5G Slicing for Service-Specific Optimization

Ultra-high Reliability

High Security

High Mobility

Ultra-low Latency

Context Awareness

Extreme Broadband

Ubiquitous Coverage

Ultra-low Cost

Ultra-low Energy

Current Network uRLLC

eMBB

mMTC

E2E Network Resource is limited Different Service with Different Requirements

5G SlicingAgile SLA Network

#n

#2

#1

X 10Gbps

ms

1MConnections/km2

Autonomous Driving Network Slice

8K/Holographic Video Network Slice

IOT Network Slice Massive Connection ：106/km2

Lower Latency ：ms Level

Large BW ：1G ~ X 10Gbps

TRANSPORT CORERAN

• Massive Traffic Burst Request at the same time cause great pressure to RAN, Transport and Core• Network Sharing request precise traffic control, Slicing identification the traffic

10

Industry Trends & Challenges

Promising Architectures & Solutions

Contents

11

SDH for 2G

Wireless Architecture Evolution and Bearer Network

• Nothing except bear network between NB and EPC

• Bandwidth Nx10M~1Gbps per NB

Internet

EPC

Cloud BB

RRU

4G Network

RRUeNB eNB eNB

Internet

CS/PS

2G/3G Network

BTS BTS NB NB NB

Internet

5G Network

New EPC

RRU RRU RRU RRUgNB

• BSC/RNC is between BTS/NB and CS/PS

• Bandwidth Nx1Mbps per NB

• MCE/MEC/New Core are based on DC/Cloud

• Bandwidth 10G+ per 5G gNB

Cloud BB Cloud BB

gNBgNB

RNCBSCIP Cloud

MCE/MEC::5G Architecture Key Components, Support Cache, GW, APP, RAN-Non Real Time and so on

MCE/MECMCE/MEC MCE/MEC

MCE: Mobile Cloud Engine; MEC: Mobile Edge Computing

IPRAN ？MSTP for 3G

Microwave

Wireless E

volution B

earer

12

Accurate Sync. Network SlicingLow LatencyHigh Bandwidth

E2E OTN Bearer Network for 5G

AccessN x λ 100Gbps

Mini-OLT

Cloud BB

eCPRITranspor

t

Backhaul

FBB

Enterprise

MBB

CDN/5G Core

UP/Controller

CDN/5G Core

UP/Controller

Regional DC

Internet/MIoT/5G Core

UP/Controller

Internet/MIoT/5G Core

UP/Controller

Core DC

MCE/MEC/5G Core

UP/Controller

MCE/MEC/5G Core

UP/Controller

Local DC

BackboneMetro

13

Cloud BB for Improved Performance with Low TCO

Data Source: China Mobile’s CRAN White Paper

• eX2 Traffic Switch in Cloud BB pool with “0” Latency, CA/CoMP 100% Gain

• Excellent performance for the high speed mobility, no handover in the “Non Cell” Cloud BB Architecture

Power Consumption

OAM

Site Rental Fee

Transport

Site Select & Planning

Supporting Facilities

Civil Work

Equipment

Power Consumption

OAM

Site Rental Fee

Site Select & Plan

Supporting Facilities

Civil Work

Equipment

7 Years

OPEX -50%CAPEX -30%

Base station 40%+ TCO Saving

Cloud BB

“0” Latency 100% Gain

• CAPEX：Save Supporting Facilities, Civil Work and Equipment

• OPEX: Save Power Consumption, OAM and Site Rental Fee

Transport(Fiber)

14

Aggregation/De-aggregation

Fiber-basedmobile fronthaul

for CoMP

Fiber-basedmobile

backhaulCore

network

BBU baseband processing

Centralized BBU poolat C-RAN CO Antennas

RRU RRU RRU


Fiber-basedmobile fronthaul

for M-MIMO

3 sectors each with64x64 MIMO


RRUs

Typical CPRI data rate for 64x64 MIMO with 200MHz 5G signals: 64*10/8*10Gb/s=800 Gb/s; 3 sectors: 2.4 Tb/s!

Mobile Fronthaul for CoMP and M-MIMO

15

Press releases (http://www.cpri.info/press.html)Industry leaders release the new CPRI Specification for 5GDate: Thursday, August 31, 2017

CPRI, the Industry Initiative for a Common Public Radio Interface continues to evolve: CPRI cooperation have now released the first eCPRI specification (1.0). The new specification will support the 5G Front-haul and will provide enhancements to meet the increased requirements of 5G. Following the successful program to enhance the CPRI Specification to support novel Radio Access Technologies and increasing capacity demands, Ericsson, Huawei Technologies, NEC and Nokia have released the new specification on 31 August of 2017 as previously announced, in addition to existing specifications, to encompass the developments for 5G …

New Standards Activities: eCPRIThe eCPRI specification offers several advantages to the base station design:1) The new interface enables ten-fold reduction of the

required bandwidth2) Required bandwidth can scale flexibly according to

the user plane traffic3) Use of packet based transport technologies will be

enabled. Main stream technologies like Ethernet, open the possibility to carry eCPRI traffic and other traffic simultaneously, in the same switched network, e.g. one Ethernet network can simultaneously carry eCPRI traffic from several system vendors…

4) The new interface is a real-time traffic interface enabling use of sophisticated coordination algorithms guaranteeing best possible radio performance

5) The interface is future proof allowing new feature introductions by SW updates in the radio network

In addition to the new eCPRI specification, the work continues to further develop the existing CPRI specifications to keep it as a competitive option for all deployments with dedicated fiber connections in Fronthaul including 5G.

16

5G will use eCRPI Interface for Clould BBHigh Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing

MACPHY

RLC

RRC

RF

Backhaul

eCPRITransport

CPRI Split to decrease the BW5G require more bandwidth in CPRI

400Gbps

MACPHY-H

RLC

RF

<25Gbps

PDCP

RRCPDCP

PHY-L

eCPRIeCPRI

Bandwidth

nTnR@BW

100G

80G

40G

2T2R@10M

2T2R@20M

10G

5G

4T4R@20M

32T32R@50M

64T64R@100M

100M

1G

400Gbps

5Gbps

CPRI

IP

eCPRI

25Gbps

X80

X16

X4

eCPRI Specification for 5G plan to release in August 2017http://www.cpri.info/press.html

eCPRI Transport Backhaul

17

ONU ONU ONU

RRU RRU RRU

Fiber Splitter

……Joint MAC scheduling(J-MAC)

UE

Drop Fiber

Shared Feeder Fiber (for cost sharing)

BBU

OLT

Joint MAC scheduling(J-MAC)

CloudCentral

Office(CO)

References: J. Kani, S. Kuwano, and J. Terada, “Options for future mobile backhaul and fronthaul,” Optical Fiber Technology 26, pp. 42–49 (2015).X. Liu and F. Effenberger, “Emerging Optical Access Network Technologies for 5G Wireless [Invited],” JOCN 8, B70 (2016).

CPRI over PON (CPRI-PON) ArchitectureHigh Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing

CPRI Transport Backhaul

18

eCPRI over PON (eCPRI-PON) Architecture

Siyu Zhou; Xiang Liu; Frank Effenberger; Jonathan Chao, “Mobile-PON: A High-Efficiency Low-Latency Mobile Fronthaul Based on Functional Split and TDM-PON with a Unified Scheduler,” OFC’17 Th3A.3.

Tburst

Tgap

Preferably: Tcycle<100 µs; Tburst<5 µs; Tgap<200 ns; |τerror|<12.5 ns.

High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing


19

PON EvolutionHigh Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing


25+G-PON2020?

GPON2005

XG (S) PON2010/2016

EPON2004

10G EPON2009

25/100G � Unified & Converged1G~2.5G

TWDM PON4x10G2016

100G?2020

25G-EPON2020

100G EPON2020?

Home

Business

Home

Business

High-Capacity

Low-Latency

PON

for 5G and VR

(25~100G/λ)

10G/40G

20

OTN Solution

eCPRI over Optical Transport Network (OTN)

• No extra transmission device

• Massive fiber resources required

• No supervisory capability

• Multi 25Gbps transmission convergence via 100Gbps wavelength

• High Reliability and Quality OAM

• Easy for the future evolution

Fibers OTN RingPassive

Direct Fibers Passive WDM



21

eCPRI over Optical Transport Network (OTN)

OTNFO

OTN Box

Spectrally efficient modulation: 2 X 10G components achieve 100G

f(Hz)

DMT algorithm improve spectrum efficiency.

DMT: Discrete Multi-Tone

100G

SFP+SFP+

SFP+SFP+

.

.

.Decode

SFP+

SFP+

oDSPOTN

FramerMUX/

DEMUXO/E

Signal treatment chip Optical module



22

• 6 BS is All Frequency, connected to fiber• 12 BS are Sub6G only, connected to MW

Access Ring Bandwidth Estimations

65% of all radio sites will be connected by microwave in 2021

Source: Ericsson(2016) Research

AggregationN x λ 100G

CoreN x λ 200G

4G&5G

Metro DC

Core DC

Local DC MCE/MEC/5G Core UP/Controller

CDN/5G Core UP/Controller

Internet/MIoT/5G Core UP/Controller

• OTN provide Traffic Guarantee; Transport Architecture enable MBB, FBB and Enterprise business

• From 5G Phase I to Phase II, OTN network just adds wavelengths, with smooth evolution for the future

Phase I: Sub6G Spectrum Only

Phase II: Sub6G + Above 6GHz6 Fiber Node

12 MW Hops

• 18 BS are Sub6G only• 6 BS connect to the Fiber Ring, 12 BS connect to MW

Assume

Assume

Sub6G Sub6G + Above 6GHz

Peak/site: 9Gbps 35.4Gbps

5G Transport Network Bandwidth Requirements

18 x 9 = 162 Gbps

12 x 9 + 6 x 35.4 = 320.4 Gbps

Assume

OTN Simplified Network

AccessN x λ 100G



Above Calculation show the total Bandwidth requirement, OTN Solution support one hop through simplified network, which means multi- wavelength is needed

FBB

EnterpriseFBB

23


Centralized Scheduling for Guaranteed Low Latency

Centralized Scheduling

MCE

NE Latency: OTN 30us, MW 50us, DC SW/Router 30us, Fiber 5us/kmIn instance, 5G traffic transport via one hops MW, 4 hops OTN, 150km fiber, the latency is below

[（50+30x4+30)+150x5] x 2 = 1900us = 1.9ms Meet the Auto Driving and eX2 performance requirements

Simplified Network

1ms 1ms1ms 1ms 1ms

CA/CoMPGainLatency

MCE eX2 Forwarding Latency

CA/CoMP

Guarantee Latency150km, < 2ms

Server/GW

Automated Driving

24

Single-Fiber Bidirectional Transmission for Accurat e Sync. High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing

ePRTC

T-BC+ +/– 150 ns

• IEEE 1588 Master and Slave Clock Synch. Computing Dynamic △t1=t2－t1=Delay1－Offset Delay = (△t2 + △t1)/2 △t2=t4－t3=Delay2＋Offset Offset = ( △t2 - △t1)/2

• Usually, Synch. signal transmit and receive terminal is transmit via two different fiber, compensation is needed for differential delay, which need OTDR during the deployment, If the uplink and downlink routing change, the Sync. Precision may lost.

• OTN supports IEEE 1588 Single-Fiber Bidirectional , which could simplified the Offset calculation guarantee ns level clock precision

Delay request packet

Synchronization packet

Delay response packet

t1，t2

t1，t2，t3

t1，t2，t3，t4

t1

t4

t2

t3

Transmit Terminal Receive Terminal

△t1

△t2

Clock server shift down to edge, reduce hops between cell sites and clock server

5G Era: ns level clock precision 1588 Single-Fiber Bidirectional

OTDR： optical time domain reflect meter

Scenario ServicesTiming

Requirement Impacts

5G High

frequency(above-

6G)

Basic 5G

service < ±500nsHandover failure

(high frequency)

5G Low

frequency(sub-6G)

Coordinated

features < ±150ns Zero gain

25

Slicing Architectures for 5G


Network Functions

Transport-UP SOC-UPRAN-UP

Business Application

Business Model Design SLA Definition

Slice Function Define

Slice Template

Slice Topology Design

SLA Decomposition

E2E SliceManagement

User Plane

SDN-Controller SOC-CPRAN-CP

Control Plane

Physical Infrastructure

NFVI

RAN Hide Pipe Transport Core

Cloud-Native Architecture & Internet Architectural OperationAdaptive New Radio and Topology as a Service

• E2E Slice Management provide the 5G Slicing intelligent control• OTN Simplified Network provide L0/L1/L2 Slicing guarantee the SLA

Cloud BB

MCEMCE

BS

L0 Wavelength Slicing

L1 ODUk Slicing

L2 Slicing

λ

λ

λ ODUk

ETH

ODUk

L-DC M-DC R-DC

MCE/V2X Server IoT Server

CP UP

Cache

26

2018FIFA,

Moscow

2018 Winter Olympics,

Korea

2020 Expo,Dubai

2020 Olympics,

Tokyo

More to Expect on Optical Networking for 5G …

Key features/directions:1) High bandwidth2) Low latency3) Accurate synchronization4) Service-specific optimization

via network slicing 5) Low total cost of ownership

(TCO)6) Easy management & fast

deployment7) Industry-wide cooperation

(e.g. CPRI, ON2020…)

Thank you!

Copyright©2016 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Ri ghts Reserved.The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.

Thank You.

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