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8/9/2019 HIA Combined

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EOH 4305

HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT (HIA)

TITLE: HIA PROGRAMMES

Lecturer: Prof. Zailina Binti Hashim

Members of Group 5:

Ahmad Syazrin Bin Muhammad 140755

Nur Fadhilah Binti Rosli 141466

Nur Fatin Syairah Bt Nordin 141905

Nordiyana Bt Mohd Shah 142409

Sam Wei Yeng 143915

Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesDepartment of Community HealthBachelor of Sciences Environmental and Occupational Health


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A) National Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme

A National Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme (NDWQSP) is in place to monitor

treated water quality and safety and to protect and control raw water sources and supplies through

monitoring and sanitary surveys. It covers all public and privately owned water supplies, both urban and

rural, and serves to alert public health and water supply staff of actual and potential problems with

drinking water quality and safety allowing corrective or preventive actions to be taken before impacts on

health occurs. Monitoring is undertaken at fixed intervals from specific sampling points throughout the

supply system from intakes at the treatment plant through to the distribution system. Of the 30 or so

parameters being monitored, some are analyzed in the field while the remainder is sent to the

Department of Chemistry (DOC) for analysis. Values exceeding standards are reported to the State

Health Department who initiate actions from the relevant water authorities to take whatever remedial

action is necessary to return the water supply to a safe condition. Information from these actions is used

to develop appropriate protocols and procedures to be used by the authorities.

Sanitary surveys are used to identify actual and potential sources of contamination of both watersources and supplies through on-site examinations of any condition or practice that may pose a threat to

human health. Data gathered from monitoring and sanitary surveys is collated, processed and evaluated

at the District, State and Federal Health Departments and potential risks are conveyed to relevant

authorities for remedial action. The same data is also used for the development of policy and

management mechanisms and the resolution of problems associated with the water supply system.

Regular examinations of institutional arrangements are also undertaken by personnel from the Drinking

Water Quality Unit of the MOH to identify potential trouble spots in the agencies that could have a

detrimental effect on operations resulting in a risk to consumer health.

B) National Service Training Programme

The National Service Training Programme, or Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN), is

Malaysia's national service program. The program is run by Jabatan Latihan Khidmat Negara (JLKN) or

National Service Department, a department under the Malaysian Ministry of Defence. The conscripts are

17-year-old youths that are selectively drafted. The three-month program, which started in December

2003, began as way to encourage friendship between youths of certain ages from different races and

ethnic groups and address concerns that the country's various races were becoming increasingly isolated

from one another. Objectives of the PLKN are to develop a young generation who are patriotic and with

love and devotion for their country, enhance unity among the multi-racial communities in the country,

instill a spirit of caring and volunteerism among society, produce an active, intelligent and confident

generation, develop positive characteristics among the younger generation through good values, and

develop a generation that is obedient and loyal to the government. HIA is important for PLKN because

including 2008, a total of 339,186 youths have been assigned to National Service since beginning in

2004. During PLKN, many food poisoning, injuries, and even fatal cases occurred.


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C) River Monitoring Programme

River basin ecosystem such as streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, wetlands and estuaries are the

lifeblood of our environment. They provide homes for wildlife; aquatic animals and plants; water supplies

for homes and industries; and places of recreation for all of us. In addition, rivers reflect the health of the

surrounding land because they are the collection point for water flowing from all around. Therefore the

ultimate goal of river monitoring is to sustain or improve the health of its ecosystem for the use of

inhabitants of the earth. One of the ways to achieve such goal is by creating awareness and educating

various target audiences including school students and the general public on issues related to water

quality monitoring and river ecosystems. Awareness need to be created on determining the current health

of a river and the impact it receives from the cities. Data need to be collected on the quality of river water

and such data would have to be made available to the community and the decision makers.

Water quality and quantity are two most important monitoring factors and are intimately linked

although not often measured simultaneously. Water quantity is often measured by water level, discharge,

and velocity. Whereas water quality is usually determined by analyzing samples of collected water in alaboratory or by conducting in-situ testing. Typically, water quality is determined by comparing the data

from water samples against water quality guidelines or standards. Despite dependence on streams,

rivers, ponds and lakes for freshwater supply, Malaysian have historically not shown sufficient interest in

the protection of her water resources.

Although there are adequate laws and regulations, compliance and enforcement are still lacking.

Currently most of Malaysias river systems are not monitored by any agencies. Adequate river water

quality monitoring would ensure sufficient freshwater supply in the future and initiate emergency

procedures should there be unexpected pollution incidents that cause severe damage.

D) Protection On Environmental Health Programme (PEKA)

This programme was introduced in Rancangan Malaysia ke 7 (RM7) because realize that Ministry

of Health (MOH) lack of the knowledge in environmental health engineering. This need to be expands due

to the surveillance on health impact on the population. The need for this knowledge is based on the rapid

development in this country. PEKA programme are consist of Environment Health Impact Assessment

(EHIA), water sewage, solid waste management, and indoor air quality.

The main objective of this programme is increase the country capability on prevention to human

from health effect from pollution. In this programme, the activities that being implemented are indoor air

quality in MOH hospitals around the country. The parameters that take into action are CO 2, CO,

formaldehyde, volatile organic compound (VOC) and particulate matters.

Besides that, the National Environmental Health Action Plan also being implemented based on

this programme. Moreover, to do surveillance sanitation at the tourist centre is one of the activities. The

main objective of these activities is to identify the status of the sanitation at the tourist centre and give

some recommendation on how to improve the level of hygiene on the places. Plus, to give technical


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advice, training and support to the authorities in this field such as Disease Control Department,

Environmental and Occupational Health Unit, MOH staff and more.

Other activity under this programme is become MOH representative on Research on Pollution

Prevention Committee and River Quality Increase and lastly is quality surveillance on pool water which

reading sample, quality testing using parameters like pH, water clarity, chlorine, alkaline contains, redox

potential, acid cyanuric, ammonia, nitrate, ferum and water sampling for biological hazards.

E) Rain Water for Domestic Uses in Rural Area: Measures for Public Health Protection.

The purpose of this program is some measures protection for public health. This is because water is

a basic necessity in human life. We need water for our body and cleaning. Water and Sanitation is one

of the primary drivers of public health. BAKAS is a rural water supply and sanitation program

implemented by Ministry of Health Malaysia with the objective to prevent and control water borne

diseases.

This program provides water supply for isolated areas, where the public water supply cannot bereached. It is mostly implemented through gotong royong in which the materials and technical assistant

are provided by MOH. Rain water harvesting is one of the approach deployed in BAKAS program beside

gravity feed system and tube well.

Several measures are taken to ensure no contamination on collected water. The house hold is

required to open the gate valve of down pipe for 10 minutes so that the dirt collected on the roof will not

goes to the storage tank. If necessary a filter bed can be installed to remove the dirt. The storage tanks

have to be closed at all times except when the tank needs to be cleaned to discourage mosquito

breeding, and sunlight reaching the water to promote algal growth. Water is abstract from the faucet

located 1 foot from the tank bottom; this is to avoid any sedimentation dirt. Cleaning has to be done

regularly during raining season and the user has to boil the water before drink as an extra precaution.

Besides that, to ensure the water is safe and the system is properly maintained, MOH personnel

will visit occasionally and conduct the water analysis. Parameters measured were turbidity, total coliform,

E-coli and pH. Currently the monitoring program is being developed so that proper assessment on the

system could be made. Generally the rain water collected is safe for consumption as long as the

protection measures are taken. This is based on samplings conducted on several places.

As a conclusion, rain harvesting system is still required in rural areas and its number will continue

to increase due to lack of clean water sources in some part of the country. Proper protection during

collection and storing is crucial to ensure the safety of the water.


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References:-

A) National Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Programme. Retrieved at

http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/3825D992-EDAC-4324-90A9-228DDC2492A6/0/Malaysia.pdf

B) National Service Training Programme. Retrieved at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_National_Service

C) River Monitoring Programme. Retrieved athttp://www.wepadb.net/pdf/0703forum/paper06.pdf

D) Protection on Environmental Health Programme (Program Perlindungan Kesihatan Alam Sekeliling)

(PEKA). Retrieved athttp://engineering.moh.gov.my/v2/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=27

E) Rain Water for Domestic Uses in Rural Area: Measures for Public Health Protection. Retrieved at

www.nahrim.gov.my/
http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/3825D992-EDAC-4324-90A9-228DDC2492A6/0/Malaysia.pdfhttp://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/3825D992-EDAC-4324-90A9-228DDC2492A6/0/Malaysia.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_National_Servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_National_Servicehttp://www.wepadb.net/pdf/0703forum/paper06.pdfhttp://www.wepadb.net/pdf/0703forum/paper06.pdfhttp://www.wepadb.net/pdf/0703forum/paper06.pdfhttp://engineering.moh.gov.my/v2/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=27http://engineering.moh.gov.my/v2/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=27http://engineering.moh.gov.my/v2/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=27http://www.nahrim.gov.my/http://www.nahrim.gov.my/http://www.nahrim.gov.my/http://engineering.moh.gov.my/v2/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=27http://www.wepadb.net/pdf/0703forum/paper06.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_National_Servicehttp://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/3825D992-EDAC-4324-90A9-228DDC2492A6/0/Malaysia.pdf

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