hfos - emap
TRANSCRIPT
Joachim Gerstel
EMEA Business Development Manager
DuPont Refrigerants
HFOs The Solution Waiting in the Wings
26 April, 2012
HFOs – Common Questions
Safety – flammability (A2L)
Product Options
Performance
Availability
Cost
Refrigerant Selection
Best Balance of Properties for each Application
Safety and
Sustainability
Cost to Use Performance
Zero-ODP, Low-GWP
Favorable Toxicity
No or Low Flammability
First Cost
+ Operating
+ End of Life
= Total Cost to Use **
** Impacted by maturity of
technology
System Energy
Efficiency
+
Capacity
Timing of Commercial
Availability
HFO-1234yf (CF3CF=CH2)
• GWP 4 similar to HCs
• Same operating conditions as 134a (similar P/T curve)
• Thermally stable under extreme use conditions
• Cooling capacity and energy efficiency comparable to R-134a
• Mildly flammable
Vapor Pressure
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
134a
1234yf
Pre
ssu
re, M
Pa
Temperature, oC
R-134a HFO-1234yf
Formula CH2FCF3 CF3CF=CH2
Molecular Weight 102 114
ODP 0 0
GWP100 (AR4) 1430 4
T Critical Point 102 ºC 95ºC
Boiling Point -26ºC -29ºC
ASHRAE Product Safety Considerations
Highly Flammable (3)
Practically
Non-Flammable (1)
Flammable (2)
Low
Toxicity (A) Higher
Toxicity (B)
ASHRAE Classification Examples:
Propane A3
Isobutane A3
R-152a A2
HFO-1234yf 2L
R-134a A1
Mildly Flammable (2L)
B1
B2
B3
A1
A2
A3
HFO-1234yf (5,000 - 10,000)
R-32 (30-100)
NH3 (100-300)
Propane
Isobutane
DME
Ethylene
HFO-1234yf High Minimum Ignition Energy – Difficult to Ignite
2L
Standards Activity in Europe
ASHRAE Class 2L
• Safety standards -- updating for 2L: -- ISO-5149 Complete 2012
-- IEC-60335-2-40 Revisions underway
• Impact on market: -- Larger charge sizes allowed than Class 2 or 3
refrigerants (e.g. hydrocarbons)
-- Allows 2L use in small to medium A/C and refrigeration systems (e.g. Self contained and condensing units)
- charge limits may be set based on room size
Auto OEM industry – HFO-1234yf
SAE International – HFO-1234yf accepted for use in
automotive AC
- Safe for use; low environmental impact
HFO-1234yf selected by Auto OEMs globally to meet
EU MAC Directive
DuPont™ Opteon® Refrigerants
• The Optimal balance of properties
• GWP reduction over current HFCs
• Improved environmental sustainability
• Efficient performance
DuPont Next Generation Refrigerants for Stationary AC & R
Leading Candidates
Stationary AC&R Application Development
Current HFC Opteon® Candidate
Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon®yf
Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10
R-404A/507 DR-33
DR-7
DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5
Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10
R-123 (HCFC) DR-2
Stationary AC&R Application Development
Current HFC Opteon® Candidate
Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon® yf (Class 2L;GWP=4)
Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10
R-404A/507 DR-33
DR-7
DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5
Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10
R-123 (HCFC) DR-2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
HFC-134a HFO-1234 yf
Po
wer
co
nsu
mp
tio
n r
elat
ive
to H
FC
-13
4a
HFC-134a
HFO-1234 yf
Vending Machine System Lab Test Results – Fuji Electric, Japan
Annual Power Consumption
Slight improvement over HFC-134a Source: The International Symposium on New Refrigerants and Environmental Technology 2010 Kobe, Japan, 3 December, 2010,
K. OKOSHI and S. ISHIDA Fuji Electric Retail Systems ; T. Leck and B. Minor - DuPont Fluorochemicals
Beverage Cooler LCCP - EU
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
R-134a CO2 HFO-1234yf
Kg
CO
2 E
qu
iva
len
t O
ve
r 1
0 Y
ea
r L
ife
Refr Mfr
Ref Em
Energy
Energy consumption of equipment is dominant; HFO-1234yf
has lowest impact
Source:”HFO-1234yf Performance in a Beverage Cooler”; International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Conference at Purdue, July 12-15, 2010; Barbara Minor, DuPont, Carlos Montoya, Femsa
Francisco Sandoval Kasa, Femsa
Stationary AC&R Application Development
Current HFC Opteon® Candidate
Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon® yf
Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10 (Class 1;GWP~600)
R-404A/507 DR-33 (Class 1;GWP~1400)
DR-7 (Class 2L;GWP~250)
DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5
Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10
R-123 (HCFC) DR-2
XP10 Evaluation in Supermarket - Hybrid System - Retrofitted from R-134a Medium Temp; CO2 in Low Temp
- Running for two years
Annual Energy Use and TEWI Comparison
TEWI reduced by 48% for XP10-CO2 hybrid system versus R-404A
Albert Heijn Assendelft/ Netherlands Hybrid System and Heat-Pump
XP10 / CO2 – Cascade & R134a HP
Installer Company: Frimex TBI
Coordination by P.W. Vlaskamp
B.V. Refrigeration Consultancy
Stationary AC&R Application Development
Current HFC Opteon® Candidate
Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon® yf
Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10 (Class 1;GWP~600)
R-404A/507 DR-33 (Class 1;GWP~1400)
DR-7 (Class 2L;GWP~250)
DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5
Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10
R-123 (HCFC) DR-2
Reach-In Freezer Drop-in Test Results – DR-7 and DR-33
Energy
Consump
(kWhr/day)
Energy
Cons Rel
to R404A
Ev
Exit
SH
(F)
Mass
Flow
Rate
(lb/hr)
Suct
Press
(Psia)
Disch
Press
(Psia)
Comp
Ratio
Comp
Disch
Temp (°F)
Ambient T = 32°C
R404A 33.46 100% 7 96 31 294 10 194
DR-7 30.81 92% 6 75 28 309 11 221
DR-33 32.16 96% 7 65 25 280 11 219
Ambient T = 24°C
R404A 25.11 100% 6 102 29 239 8 167
DR-7 23.91 95% 7 76 27 249 9 195
DR-33 25.00 100% 6 68 25 225 9 190
Ambient T = 21°C
R404A 23.39 100% 6 105 29 226 8 158
DR-7 22.62 97% 6 78 26 232 9 184
DR-33 23.41 100% 6 73 25 210 8 182 Energy consumption equivalent
or lower than 404A
Energy efficiency and capacity superior to 404A
Low Temp Reach-in & Walk-in Test Results – DR-7
98%
100%
102%
104%
106%
108%
110%
112%
85% 90% 95% 100% 105% 110% 115% 120%
% Capacity
% EER Low-Temp
Reach-in
& Walk-in Tests
Reach-in 24ºC amb
Walk-in 35ºC amb
Walk-in 15ºC amb
Walk-in 15ºC amb +
180# Head Pressure
Control
Stationary AC&R Application Development
Current HFC Opteon® Candidate
Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon® yf
Commercial Refrigeration R-134a XP10
R-404A/507 DR-33
DR-7
DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5 (Class 2L;GWP~500)
Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10
R-123 (HCFC) DR-2
Cooling Comparison: DR-5 vs R410A7.4 kW R-410A inverter mini-split
100%
96%
100%
103%
98%100%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
105%
110%
410A DR-5 DR-5 Cap
Match
Capacity
COP
Performance similar to R-410A
Application Development
Current HFC Opteon® Candidate
Beverage cooler/vending machine R-134a Opteon®yf
Commercial Refrigeration R-404A/507 XP10
DR-33
DR-7
DX Air Conditioning/Heat Pumps R-410A DR-5 (Class 2L; GWP~500)
Chillers R-134a Opteon® yf, XP10
R-123 (HCFC) DR-2
DuPont™ Opteon® Refrigerants Next Steps
Monitor F-Gas revision and assess market interest and timing for
Stationary AC & R
Build/expand production capacity for HFO-1234yf to support new
F-Gas Regulation requirements
Continue application development for Stationary AC & R
Assess Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) versus other options
Continue to develop codes & standards for 2L refrigerants (smaller
charges)
Thank You
www.refrigerants.dupont.com
Disclaimer: The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that DuPont believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own risk. Since conditions of use are outside our control, we make no warranties, expressed or implied and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to infringe any patents or patent applications.