HFA 2: Key Area 5 HFA 2: Key Area 5

Reducing Exposure and Reducing Exposure and Underlying Risk FactorsUnderlying Risk Factors

Kyoto UniversityKyoto University

Rajib Shaw Rajib Shaw Akhilesh SurjanAkhilesh Surjan

Contributors : Contributors : CountriesCountries

1. Afghanistan2. Bangladesh3. Bhutan4. Indonesia5. Nepal

Contributors (23) : Contributors (23) : Partners (16)Partners (16)International Org.:UNDP [Bangaldesh]UNICEFRegional Org:ADRCInternational NGOs:CWS Asia Pacific [Thailand: 3]Japan CSO Coalition SAVE THE CHILDRENSEEDS Asia [Japan: 2]Intl. donors:JICA

International Res. Org: ICHARM [Japan]ISET [Vietnam: 2]Local Govt:Municipality of Infanta [Philippines]Sri Lanka Local Government Network Academia:University of Peshawar [Pakistan]University of Gadjah Mada [Indonesia]University of Madras [India]Kyoto University [Japan: 5]

Author team (from 5 countries) Author team (from 5 countries) based at Kyoto Universitybased at Kyoto University

Rajib Shaw

Akhilesh Surjan

Nitin Srivastava (India)

Glenn Fernandez (Philippines)

Rajarshi Dasgupta (India)

Shohei Matsuura (Japan)

Atta ur-Rahman (Pakistan)

Gulshan Parvin (Bangladesh)

Structure of the reportStructure of the reportPROCESS: Report reflect all contributions + our own research & extensive literature review•Executive Summary •Introduction•HFA Reflections (3 Major Achievements, 5 Gaps/Challenges under HFA Priority for Action Area 4 )•Recommendaitons for HFA 2 (10 recommendations)•Appendix (23 good practices)

AppendixAppendix23 cases23 cases Recommendations Recommendations

1 DRR in Land Use Planning JICA Mikio Ishiwatari

2 DRR in Land Use Planning University of Peshawar Atta-ur Rahman

3 DRR in Land Use Planning University of Ghaja Mada Muh Aris Marfai

4 DRR in Natural Resource Management Kyoto University Rajarshi DasGupta

5 DRR in Natural Resource Management Municipality of Infanta Noralene Uy

6 DRR in Natural Resource Management University of Madras R.R. Krishnamurthy

7 Building Code Implementation for DRR Kyoto University Kenji Okazaki

8 DRR-Environment Linkages Kyoto University Akhilesh Surjan

9 DRR in Recovery UNDP Bangladesh Aminul Islam

10 DRR in Recovery_Kamaishi Kyoto University Shohei Matsuura

11 DRR in Recovery_Kesennuma Kyoto University Shohei Matsuura

12 DRR Education_Myanmar SEEDS Asia, Japan Nakagawa Yuko

13 DRR Education_Vietnam SEEDS Asia, Japan Nakagawa Yuko

14 DRR-CCA Linkages ISET Vietnam Phong Tran

15 DRR-CCA Linkages ISET Vietnam Huy Nguyen

16 DRR-CCA Linkages_Cambodia CWS Asia Pacific Takeshi Komino

17 DRR-CCA Linkages_West Timor CWS Asia Pacific Takeshi Komino

18 DRR-CCA Linkages_Pakistan CWS Asia Pacific Takeshi Komino

19 Sentinel Asia ADRC Makoto Ikeda

20 Water related risks ICHARM Toshio Okazumi

21 Towards 2015 WCDR Japan CSO Takeshi Komino

22 Education sector SAVE the Children, UNICEF Marla Petal

23 Local governance Sri Lanka Local Governance -

Recommendations for HFA2Recommendations for HFA2Ten sepcific recommendations are provided based on country and partner contributions and extensive literature review and research: 1)Reduce the underlying risk factors for poverty reduction and sustainable development2)Enforce environmental plans & legislations for DRR3)Enhance economic viability of risk-reduction measures (cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, tools, etc.)4)Ensure DRR for industrial production sector5)Ensure appropriate roles of insurance and private sector 6)Enforce structural codes and land regulations7)Prepare, utilize and share data based on scientific evidences8)Institutionalize community based DRR9)Address risk reduction in recovery10)Enhance DRR education to help reduce underlying risk factors.

Recommendations-1Recommendations-1Reduce the underlying risk factors for poverty reduction and sustainable development:1.Holistic and comprehensive approaches addressing DRR, poverty reduction and sustainable development are needed. 2.Developing mutually supportive, innovative, multidimensional and intersectoral policies, planning and programming for linking above three. 3.Government, NGOs, Civil Societies, Private Sectors and local community will have to work together to bring DRR-poverty alleviation and sustainable development on a single platform.

Recommendations-2Recommendations-2Enforce environmental plans & legislations for Disaster Risk Reduction:•Environmental management for DRR needs recognition as separate stream of practice, apart from its regular goal of conservation.•Environmental regulations needs to be strengthened & effectively implemented at all the level of governments and the accountability of stakeholders needs to be enhanced through proper set of legislations. •Agenda of restoration of ecosystem services and environmental benefits for DRR also should include awareness raising & meaningful participation of the local vulnerable communities•Local level government and the communities at risk should be involved in ecological restoration and monitoring of environmental performances of developmental projects.

Recommendations-3Recommendations-3Enhance economic viability of risk-reduction measures (cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, tools, etc.)1. Need for localized loss and damage studies in specific sectors of economy. Spell out cost-benefit advantage in investing in DRR measures. 2.Investigate innovative, practical, implementable tools to reduce losses and damages, especially for SMEs, supplemented by risk-sharing and risk-transfer mechanisms.3.Raise awareness for effectively conveying benefits of investing in disaster risk reduction measures. 4.Organize need-based capacity development programs to inform and engage in finding optimum solutions to reduce risk via available tools. 5.Simple risk reduction measures requiring minimal investment such as : acting on early warning, raising plinth of house and shops in flood prone areas, building seismic resistant tenements for livelihoods and residence, etc. are some of the low-hanging fruits offering no-regret solutions to sensitively invest in DRR.

Recommendations-4Recommendations-4Ensure Disaster Risk Reduction for industrial production sector :1.Take specific actions, such as: construction of levees and drainage system for flood control and earthquake proofing of production facilities in earthquake-prone areas. 2. Enhance multi-hazard maps and early warning system combined with effective communication plans3.Establishing disaster risk financing/insurance system 4.Community based DRR approaches in ensuring safety of employees and residents in the vicinity of industrial estates 5.Building public-private partnerships, collaboration with specialized technical agencies and local communities is essential for taking a comprehensive approach in DRR for the corporate sector.

Recommendations-5Recommendations-5Ensure appropriate roles of Insurance and private sectors :1.National governments should make it mandatory for local governments to do comprehensive risk assessment every five-years and communicate effectively to local populace and businesses.2.Banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions should be given comprehensive information of risk assessment and shall be encouraged to design insurance tools to address most vulnerable first.3.Local and regional business associations/federations should be engaged in every stage of disaster risk reduction planning and management. 4.Governments, NGOs and academic sector should work hand in hand to find root causes of lower insurance coverage and pilot ways in improving the situation.

Recommendations-6Recommendations-6Enforcement of structural codes and land regulations :1.Apply modelling for risk mapping and zoning against the changing climate scenarios2.Develop and enforce land use policy and zoning3.Enforce mapping and zoning for modifying land utilization and prohibiting incompatible uses 4.Develop building codes for safer construction in hazard prone areas5.Promote resilient designs through media for increasing mass awareness 6.Ensure enforcement of building bye-laws.7.Organize training courses for builders, contractors and masons for hazard proof structure8.Ministry of industries should develop safety codes for all industries to reduce industrial risks

Recommendations-7Recommendations-7Prepare, utilize and share data based on scientific evidence :•Effective utilization and development of data can be accomplished with improved academia-government partnerships. •The process should include efforts of all involved stakeholders, taking into account the perception and opinion of affected communities.•Sharing of data and information is also important for the complex disaster (evidened from the nuclear meltdown in the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami). •Minimum accountability principles need to be followed. •Clear risk communication for new critical facilities

Recommendations-8Recommendations-8Institutionalize community based disaster risk reduction :1.Good practices should be complied and studied at the central and/or regional government levels for their components into DRR policy frameworks and action planning. 2.Earmark budget specifically for CBDRR at local levels (essential to enable continuous implementation of activities) 3.Regular monitoring and evaluation of activities by community participation 4.Building partnerships of various stakeholders from different sectors5.CBDRR efforts must be integrated into community development plans and also be incorporated into community events (such as traditional festivals and other social functions of the locality).

Recommendations-9Recommendations-9Address risk reduction in recovery :1. Disaster recovery can be considered a development

opportunity, which is often used or even mis-used !2. Recovery is a balance between speed and quality.

The speed is higher when it is done in a centralized way, by single agency. However, when it comes to cooperation and collaboration among different stakeholders, departments and agencies, the process becomes slow, but quality improves.

3. There is a geenral consensus to address risk redcution or resilience building through the recovery process.

Recommendations-10Recommendations-10Enhance DRR education to help reduce underlying risk factors :1.DRR education shall be integrated at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels as well as in the training of teachers. 2.DRR education and training modules should also be prepared for cities, municipalities, and provinces to enhance the capacity of local government officials.3.Specialized cadre of DRR professionals to develop, manage, and administer non-formal DRR education programs and IEC efforts for the citizens. 4.DRR education should not just include the impacts of natural hazards but also effects of changing social, economic, and environmental conditions to the risk exposure and vulnerability of citizens. 5.Develop disaster risk reduction as an academic discipline.

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