heroes of the holocaust (righteous among the nations)
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Heroes of the Holocaust(Righteous Among the Nations)
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Righteous Among the Nations
Honorary title given to non-Jews who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust
As of January 1, 2012, 24 356 people have been awarded the title
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IntegrityIntegrityFirm adherence to a moral code, especially in the face of adversity.
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Chiune SugiharaIssued visas to help Jews escape Lithuania
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What did Chiune do?Asked permission to issue visas but was denied
Began issuing visas anyways
Wrote about 300 visas a day for 29 days
Was forced to leave Lithuania
Continued to write visas on the train
As the train pulled out he threw his visa stamp into the crowd
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After the WarSoviets imprisoned Chiune and his family in an internment camp in Romania for 18 months
Returned to Japan in 1947
Japanese Foreign Ministry dismissed him from diplomatic service
Met Joshua Nishri, one of his survivors in 1968
Died July 31 1986
Chiune issued visas to over 6000 people
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CourageCourageThe state of mind that enables one to face danger, hardship, or uncertainty with composure and resolve.
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Irena SendlerSmuggled around 2500 children out of the Warsaw Ghetto
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“Every child saved with my help and the help of all the wonderful secret messengers, who today are no longer living, is the justification of my existence on this earth, and not a title to glory.” –Irena Sendler
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What did Irena do?Joined Zegota, a Polish council formed to aid Jews
Visited the Warsaw Ghetto daily
Spoke with parents and offered to smuggle their children out
Made false documents for children and placed them with families or convents
Recorded the new and old identities and location of the every child
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Irena’s ArrestOctober 20 1943, Irena was arrested
She was tortured by Gestapo for the names and addresses of families hiding Jews
They broke her legs and feet but she never gave anything up
Was sentenced to death but Zegota helped her escape
Changed her identity and continued her rescues
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After the WarDug up her jars containing the names of the children
Tracked down the children and tried to reunite them with relatives
Unfortunately most of their parents died in Treblinka
Died May 12, 2008
Irena saved around 2500 children
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Moral Leadership
Moral LeadershipThe ability to influence others to accomplish a goal arising from a sense of right and wrong.
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Raoul WallenbergSaved over 100 000 people
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What did Raoul do?Was given a task to do what he could to assist Hungarian Jews
Worked with Swedish government and resistance groups
Issued certificates of protection to Jews (protective passports)
Established hospitals, nurseries, a soup kitchen and safe houses
Stopped many deportations of Jews and secured the release of those with protective passports
Gave passports to Jews as he stopped the deportations
Raoul helped save over 100 000 people
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Social Responsibility
Social ResponsibilityA sense of obligation to ensure the welfare of others.
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Varian FryHelped Anti-Nazi refugees escape from France
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I could not just sit and look on without doing anything. –Varian Fry
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What did Varian do?Visited Berlin in 1935, seeing the Nazi abuse made him want to help
Emergency Rescue Committee (American Organization) sent him to France with a list of who to save
Saved everyone on his list and more
Provided forged documents and escape routes for anti-Nazi refugees
Hid Jews and non-Jews until they could be smuggled out
Varian saved over 2200 people
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IngenuityIngenuityInventive skill or cleverness in confronting a challenge.
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Oskar SchindlerSaved over 1200 Jews by hiring them to work
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What did Oskar do?Took over two Jewish owned factories
Employed Jews for cheap labor
Appalled by brutality, started to protect workers without worry of cost
Persuaded SS to convert Emalia (his factory) into a subcamp of Plaszow
Allowed Jews to spend the night in the factories
Bribed police and soldiers
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Discovered that any factories that didn’t help with the war efforts would be closed
Moved to a factory in Brünnlitz to make anti-tank grenades
Made a list of people to be sent to the new factory
1000 were his workers
200 were other prisoners
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After the WarVery poor because he spent all his money on bribes and supplies for the Jews
Went bankrupt
Left his wife
Tried to open numerous factories but they all failed
Died October 9, 1974 and was later buried in Jerusalem
Oskar saved over 1200 Jews
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Cooperation
CooperationWorking together toward a common goal or purpose.
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Dimitar PeshevSaved 48 000 Jews from deportation
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"My human conscience and my understanding of the fateful consequences both for the people involved and the policy of our country now and in the future did not allow me to remain idle. And I decided to do all in my power to prevent what was being planned from happening; I knew that this action was going to shame Bulgaria in the eyes of the world and brand her with a stain she didn't deserve.” –Dimitar Peshev
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Self-Sacrifice
Self-SacrificeGiving up personal wants and needs for the sake of others or for a cause.
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Aristides De Sousa MendesIssued Visas for 30 000 people
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“If thousands of Jews are suffering because of one Christian [Hitler], surely one Christian may suffer for so many Jews”. -Aristides De Sousa Mendes
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What did Aristides do?Under strict orders to not issue Portuguese Visas
Despite that, issued visas to:Jews
Political Dissidents
Army Officers from occupied countries
Priests and Nuns
Was ordered to return to Portugal
Before he left France, he issued visas to everyone outside the Portuguese consulate
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After the WarDismissed from his position in the Foreign Ministry
Unable to support his family of 13
Died poor in 1954
Aristides issued visas for 30 000 people
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Compassion
CompassionA feeling of sympathy for the suffering of another and the desire to alleviate it
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Olga RajsekHid and took care of a Jewish boy
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What did Olga do?Took in a Jewish boy whose parents were imprisoned
Passed him off as her cousin
He was discovered and arrested
Worked to release him
Placed him in an orphanage
Brought food to him everyday
After the war, took him back to her house to be reunited with his father
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Sir Nicholas WintonRescued 669 children from German-occupied Czechoslovakia
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"Save one life, save the world.” –Nicholas Winton
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What did Nicholas do?Formed an organization to help children from Jewish families Czechoslovakia
Raised money to help bring children to Britain
Found families to house the children
Organized eight transports from Prague to London
Stopped when Britain declared war on Germany
Didn’t tell many people about what he did
Wife found his scrapbook of all the children in 1988
Nicholas saved 669 children
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Giovanni PalatucciFalsified travel documents
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“They want to make us believe that the heart is just a muscle, to prevent us from doing what our hearts and religion tell us to do” -Giovanni Palatucci
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What did Giovanni do?Was in charge of the department of foreigners in Fiume, Italy
Edited necessary residence papers for Jewish refugees
Falsified documents and visas
Instead of deporting Jews he secretly made plans to send them to Campania
Destroyed records of around 10,000 Jewish refugees
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Giovanni’s ArrestGestapo found out what Giovanni was doing
Was given a safe pass to Switzerland
He gave the pass to his Jewish Fiancée
Arrested September 13 1944
Deported to Dachau where he died February 10 1945
Giovanni saved thousands of Jews
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DenmarkOnly occupied country that actively resisted Nazi Regime
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What did Denmark do?Welcomed around 4500 Jewish refugees
Did not make Jews wear a yellow star
Allowed Jews to keep their property and businesses
Stopped violence against Jews
Hid Jews once searches began
Helped over 7200 Jews and 700 non-Jewish relatives escape
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Around 470 Jews were seized by German soldiers
Citizens and leaders actively demanded to know where the Jews were being kept
Kept their homes and businesses away from the Germans
Around 120 Danish Jews died during the Holocaust
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Le Chambon-Sur-Lignon Provided refuge for around 5000 people
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What did Le Chambon-sur-Lignon do?
Pastor Trocmé started by providing relief supplies to 30,000 Jews in internment camps
Worked with Burns Chalmers
Burns negotiated the release of many Jews from Southern Camps
A French-Jewish child care agency helped transport the Jews
Children were placed into private homes, boarding houses and houses made for sheltering
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Didn’t just house Jewish Refugees, also housed:Anti-Nazi Germans
Spanish Republicans
Members of the French Resistance
Frenchmen who wanted to avoid forced labor
During raids by Vichy Police or German Security villagers helped bring the refugees further into the countryside
Helped provide false travel documents and ration cards
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Under German Occupation
Germans occupied Southern France November 1942
French police arrested Pastor Trocmé and two other men February 13, 1943
They were released after 28 days
Continued to rescue until late 1943 when they had to go into hiding
June 29, 1943 German police raided a school and arrested 18 Jewish students as well as others involved in rescue efforts
Saved 3,000-5,000 Jews